The document describes a laser security system project created by students Chirag, Mohit Jangra, and Shubham for their computer science engineering diploma under the guidance of Mrs. Indu. The project uses a laser, light dependent resistor sensors, buzzer, and Arduino board to create a security system that triggers an alarm if the laser path is interrupted by an intruder crossing the sensors. The system is designed to provide effective perimeter security for homes and properties in a cost effective and easy to install way.
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Submitted By: -
Submitted By: -
CHIRAG 180770819001
MOHIT JANGRA 180770819004
SHUBHAM 180770819006
ENGINEERING DIPLOMA
In
COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGINEERING
Under the GUIDENCE of Mrs.INDU Associate Professor
Submitted To: - Mrs. INDU
A PROJECT REPORT
ON
LASER SECURITY SYSTEM
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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
CERTIFICATE
This is to Certify that the project-based laboratory report entitled “LASER
SECURITY SYSTEM” Submitted by Chirag (180770819001), Mohit Jangra
(180770819004), Shubham (180770819006) studying diploma in COMPUTER
SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING has satisfactorily completed project in the
semester – 6th
during the academic year 2018 – 2021.
Project Supervisor
Mrs. INDU
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is great pleasure for me to express my gratitude to our honorable
GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC SOCIETY, MEHAM for giving the opportunity
and platform with facilities in accomplishing the project-based laboratory report.
We express our sincere thanks to our project supervisor Mrs. INDU for her
novel association of ideas, encouragement, appreciation and intellectual zeal
which motivated us to venture this project successfully.
We express our deep gratitude and affection to our parents who stood behind
us in all our endeavors.
Finally, it is pleased to acknowledge the indebtedness to all those who devoted
themselves directly or indirectly to make this project report success.
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CONTENTS
Sr.No. CONTENT PAG
1 ABSTRACT 4
2 INTRODUCTION 5
3 WORKING AND ITS
PRINCIPLE
6-8
4 OBJECTIVE AND
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
9
5 BLOCK DIAGRAM 10
6 COMPONENTS AND
ITS DESCRIPTION
11-20
7 ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES
21-22
8 APPLICATIONS 23
9 RESULT 24
10 CONCULUSION 25
11 REFERENCE 26
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ABSTRACT
This project deals with a model of laser security alarm system design. Laser
security systems used to be difficult to install and rarely available to anyone other
than the super-rich. Now, there are dozens of different security systems on the
market that utilize lasers and can effectively protect everything from small
apartments and businesses to large areas of property. Most home laser security
systems consist of two parts: a basic alarm unit and an infrared motion detector.
Laser based security system is a type of security and alarm system that uses laser
light and a light sensor. Why a laser to be used? It is known that a laser light goes
through long distance without any scattering effect (disturbing) and it is only visible
at source and the destination point so it can be used as mediator between source
and destination but to analyses the source a sensor is need, here the use of LDR
is applicable. Just analysis is not enough alerting should be done in general
alerting is sound effect so here buzzer act as alerting. Making use of this, a laser
security system is designed. Its working: There is a laser diode that generates the
laser beam which continuously strikes over the Light dependent resister sensors.
When any person crosses the path, it inhibits laser to reach LDR and the sensor
generate a low which is read by controller to power on the buzzer.
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INTRODUCTION
Need of security is the basic necessity of any individual. The feeling that we
are safe and everything around us is all right is imperative for a peaceful living.
But in this unsafe world, when crime, terror and threats are on their peak, how can
one attain that sense of security? Here, laser security system provides us with a
solution and for this reason more and more people are installing them in order to
stay safe and secure. Various electronic security systems can be used at home
and other important working places for security and safety purposes.
Laser Security alarm is a device used for security purposes. It has a wide
application in fields of security and defense starting from the security of simple
house hold material to a very high valued material of an organization. They once
used to be expensive solutions for security needs. Owing to cost cutting and fast
technological advancements, this form of security system is becoming more
affordable.
Lasers differ from other light sources in a few significant ways. There are two
features that are important for security systems. Unlike a light bulb or flashlight,
laser light doesn't spread out, it is a narrow beam. And laser light is essentially a
single color. Because laser light doesn't spread much, it can be sent it a long way
and still have enough energy in a small area to trigger the security system detector.
Because it's a single wavelength, it can put a blocking filter on the detector to let
laser light through without letting background light onto the detector.
Laser light travels in a straight line. For instance, to protect the front of the
yard, putting the laser at one comer and the detector at the other corner would do
the job. That's not a very practical configuration, though. More typically, if it is
needed to protect the perimeter of a room, or at least the enhances. So, laser
security systems start with a laser pointing to a small mirror. The first mirror is
angled to direct the beam to a second small mirror, and so on until the final mirror
directs the beam to the detector. If the beam is interrupted anywhere between the
laser and the detector, the electronics will put the warning signal.
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PRINCIPLE
There are three essential components to a laser security system: a
laser, a detector and sensing circuit. The laser is a concentrated light
source that puts out a straight line, 'pencil beam, of light of a single color.
The detector is sensitive to light and puts out a voltage when the laser
light hits it. The detector is connected to the sensing circuit. When the
laser beam is interrupted and cannot reach the detector, its voltage
output changes, and the circuit sense the change and put out a warning
signal.
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WORKING
The basic sensing component of a modern laser security system is
an infrared motion detector. The motion detector contains four parts: the
laser, the mirrors, the detector and the sensing electronics. An infrared
motion detector works by projecting a beam of light that shoots across
a space into a series of mirrors and finally into a detector, which emits
a particular voltage into the sensing electronics as long as the laser hits
it. When the beam of light is broken, the detector changes its voltage
output into the sensing electronics, which then trigger an alarm.
If infrared sensors are placed strategically, the beams of
light will make it impossible for an intruder to come into the area without
the sensor being alerted. The sensor, which is connected to the basic
alarm unit through a wireless connection, then triggers the basic unit to
alert the monitoring service through which the customer purchased the
security plan. The monitoring service will contact the home and, if no
response is received, will contact the police. In most models, the basic
unit also sounds a loud alarm, though some systems use a silent alarm
that contacts the police without notifying the suspected criminal.
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OBJECTIVE
The core objective of this project is to design a laser security
system with laser and light dependent resistor.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Fig. Circuit Diagram
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COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION
1. LASER: -
A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical
amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic
radiation. The term "laser" originated as an acronym for "light
amplification by stimulated emission of radiation".
A laser differs from other sources of light in that it emits light
coherently. Spatial coherence allows a laser to be focused to a tight
spot, enabling applications such as laser cutting and lithography.
Spatial coherence also allows a laser beam to stay narrow over great
distances (collimation), enabling applications such as laser pointers.
Lasers can also have high temporal coherence, which allows them to
emit light with a very narrow spectrum, i.e., they can emit a single color
of light. Temporal coherence can be used to produce pulses of light as
short as a femtosecond.
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Applications:
• Medicine: Bloodless surgery, Laser healing, surgical treatment,
kidney stone treatment, eye treatment, dentistry.
• Industry: Cutting, welding, material heat treatment, marking parts,
non-contact measurement of parts.
• Military: Marking targets, guiding munitions, missile defense, electro-
optical countermeasures (EOCM), alterative to radar, blinding troops.
• Law enforcement: used for latent fingerprint detection in the forensic
identification field.
• Research: Spectroscopy, laser ablation, laser annealing,laser
scattering, laser interferometer, lidar, laser capture micro dissection,
fluorescence microscopy.
• Product development/commercial: laser printers, optical discs (e.g.,
CDs), barcode scanners, thermometers, pointers, holograms, bubble
grams.
• Laser lighting displays: Laser light shows.
• Cosmetic skin treatments: acne treatment, cellulite and striae
reduction, and hair removal
2. LDR LIGHT SENSER (Light Dependent Resistor):
A photo resistor or light-dependent resistor (LDR) or photocell
is a light-controlled variable resistor. The resistance of a photo resistor
decreases with increasing incident light intensity; in other words, it
exhibits photoconductivity. A photo resistor can be applied in light-
sensitive detector circuits, and light- and dark-activated switching
circuits.
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Photo resistors work based off of the principle of
photoconductivity. Photoconductivity is an optical phenomenon in
which the material’s conductivity is increased when light is absorbed
by the material. When light falls i.e., when the photons fall on the
device, the electrons in the valence band of the semiconductor
material are excited to the conduction band. These photons in the
incident light should have energy greater than the band gap of the
semiconductor material to make the electrons jump from the valence
band to the conduction band. Hence when light having enough energy
strikes on the device, more and more electrons are excited to the
conduction band which results in a large number of charge carriers.
The result of this process is more and more current starts flowing
through the device when the circuit is closed and hence it is said that
the resistance of the device has been decreased. This is the most
common working principle of LDR. In the dark, a photo resistor can
have a resistance as high as a few mega ohms (M ohms), while in the
light, a photo resistor can have a resistance as low as a few hundred
ohms. If incident light on a photo resistor exceeds a certain frequency,
photons absorbed by the semiconductor give bound electrons enough
energy to jump into the conduction band. The resulting free electrons
conduct electricity, thereby lowering resistance. The resistance range
and sensitivity of a photo resistor can substantially differ among
dissimilar devices. Moreover, unique photo resistors may react
substantially differently to photons within certain wavelength bands.
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3. BUZZER: -
A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device, which may be
mechanical, electromechanical, and piezoelectric. Typical uses of
buzzers and beepers include alarm devices, timers and confirmation
of user input such as a mouse click or keystroke.
Early devices were based on an electromechanical system
identical to an electric bell without the metal gong. Similarly, a relay
may be connected to interrupt its own actuating current, causing the
contacts to buzz. Often these units were anchored to a wall or ceiling
to use it as a sounding board. The word "buzzer" comes from the
rasping noise that electromechanical buzzers made.
The buzzer consists of an outside case with two pins to attach it
to power and ground. When current is applied to the buzzer it causes
the ceramic disk to contract or expand. Changing this then causes the
surrounding disc to vibrate. That's the sound that you hear. Adjust the
potentiometer to increase or decrease the resistance of the
potentiometer. If you increase the resistance of the potentiometer then
it will decrease the Volume of the buzzer. If you decrease the
resistance of the potentiometer then it will increase the Volume of the
buzzer.
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Applications: -
• Annunciator panels
• Electronic metronomes
• Game show lock-out device
• Microwave ovens and other household appliances
• Sporting events such as basketball games
• Electrical alarms
4. ARDUINO: -
Arduino is an open-source platform used for building electronics
projects. Arduino consists of both a physical programmable circuit
board (often referred to as a microcontroller) and a piece of software,
or IDE (Integrated Development Environment) that runs on your
computer, used to write and upload computer code to the physical
board.
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Applications: -
• This application makes use of the Arduino Uno board, Bluetooth
interface for connectivity, and smartphones. Software loaded
boards are connected to the home devices like lamps, A/C, TV,
Refrigerator, and Bluetooth software is interfaced with the board.
The app loaded in the smartphone talk to the processor through
Bluetooth connectivity and inputs from the phone are used to
control the operation of the devices.
• Applications to manage public utilities like street lighting,
Dynamic traffic management systems are being implemented.
• Street lighting Street lights are fitted with Arduino boards and
sensors.
• This system suggests the right component be fitted at any stage
in the assembly line. Arduino board based on the input from the
central server send a signal to right bulb in the circuit and
illuminates it.
• Production counting Sensor placed in the conveyor is activated
when the product being assembled moved from one stage to the
next stage. Arduino board takes the signal from the sensor and
adds to the count and sends the data back to the central server.
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5. BATTERY: -
An electric battery is a device consisting of two or more
electrochemical cells that convert stored chemical energy into
electrical energy. Each cell contains a positive terminal, or cathode,
and a negative terminal, or anode. Electrolytes allow ions to move
between the electrodes and terminals, which allows current to flow out
of the battery to perform work. Primary (single-use or "disposable")
batteries are used once and discarded; the electrode materials are
irreversibly changed during discharge. Common examples are the
alkaline battery used for flashlights and a multitude of portable device.
Secondary (rechargeable batteries) can be discharged and recharged
multiple times; the original composition of the electrodes can be
restored by reverse current. Examples include the lead-acid batteries
used in vehicles and lithium-ion batteries used for portable electronics.
Batteries come in many shapes and sizes, from miniature cells used
to power hearing aids and wristwatches to battery banks the size of
rooms that provide standby power for telephone exchanges and
computer data centers.
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6. CONNECTING WIRES: -
Jump wires (also called jumper wires) for solderless bread
boarding can be obtained in ready- to-use jump wire sets or can be
manually manufactured. The latter can become tedious work for larger
circuits. Ready-to-use jump wires come in different qualities, some
even with tiny plugs attached to the wire ends. Jump wire material for
ready-made should usually be solid copper, tin-plated wire - assuming
no tiny plugs are to be attached to the wire ends. Shorter stripped wires
might result in bad contact with the board's spring clips (insulation
being caught in the springs). Longer stripped wires increase the
likelihood of short-circuits on the board. Needle-nose pliers and
tweezers are helpful when inserting or removing wires, particularly on
crowded boards.
Connecting wires allows an electrical current to travel from one
point on a circuit to another because electricity needs a medium
through which it can move. Most of the connecting wires are made up
of copper or aluminum.
The definition of connecting wire is a piece of wire used to attach
two circuits or components together. The gauge or size of the wire
must be large enough to support the amount of current flow.
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7. SWITCH: -
Switch is an electronic device that is used to make or break an
electrical circuit. The primary application of switch is to ON-OFF any
circuit. The different types of switches which are widely used across
industries such as Telecommunication, Industry control equipment,
Commercial equipment, and Home appliances.
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ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES: -
These are easy to install and work at both within as well as outside
houses. These are very effective perimeter alarm systems around
properties. In indoor systems can utilize the normal power outlets and
jacks making them inconspicuous. At outside these can be easily be
hidden behind the bushes or plants without causing any damage. They
consume less power when compared to the laser system as the whole,
which is expensive.
These laser systems can be installed in homes either by self or by
hiring a technical person. By technological innovations cost of the
security systems has been cut to a large extent. So, making laser
systems one among affordable security system options can be very safe.
Lasers are strong in beam width and can be focused on the perfect
target. By using laser security system one can be safe in the case of
harmful effects to the body. As the beam width used in the laser security
systems are not strong beam widths.
The circuit, construction and setup for the Laser Security System
are very simple. If used with a battery, the laser security system can work
even when there is a power outage.
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DISADVANTAGES: -
• The laser security system works only if the laser is obstructed. If the
intruder passes without obstructing the laser, it is considered as a failure.
• In order to secure a larger area, we need more lasers and
corresponding sensors.
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APPLICATIONS
➢ Laser Security System can be used in safety lockers in our homes,
where even if the locker’s code is hacked, it acts as an additional layer
of security.
➢ Apart from security systems, this laser-based setup can also be used
to check if pets or babies crossed a certain boundary.
➢ These are easy to install and work at both within as well as outside
houses. These are very effective perimeter alarm systems around
properties. In indoor systems can utilize the normal power outlets and
jacks making them inconspicuous. At outside these can be easily be
hidden behind the bushes or plants without causing any damage. They
consume less power when compared to the laser system as the whole,
which is expensive.
➢ These laser systems can be installed in homes either by self or by
hiring a technical person. By technological innovations cost of the
security systems has been cut to a large extent. So, making laser
systems one among affordable security system options can be very
safe.
➢ Lasers are strong in beam width and can be focused on the perfect
target. By using laser security system one can be safe in the case of
harmful effects to the body. As the beam width used in the laser
security systems are not strong beam widths.
➢ The circuit, construction and setup for the Laser Security System are
very simple. If used with a battery, the laser security system can work
even when there is a power outage.
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RESULT AND DISCUSSION
When the laser beam falling over the LDR is interrupted by the
object in the field of laser net, hence the LDR develops an output
voltage and the alarm rings showing the sign of any intruders. The
Laser Security System has been successfully designed and
developed. The buzzer is turned on as the laser beam falling on
the LDR is interrupted. The experimental model was made
according to the circuit diagram and the result was as expected.
The LDR has to be placed in dark place or inside a case so that
the other source of light except the laser beam doesn’t affect the
LDR. This helps the circuit to work faster and properly.
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CONCLUSION
Laser security system provides us the security against any crime, theft in our
day-to-day life and so people are installing them in order to stay safe, secure
and sound. Various electronic security systems can be used at home and
other important working places for security and safety purposes. It is a great
opportunity and source of saving man power contributing no wastage of
electricity. The "Laser Security System" is an important helping system.
Using this system robbery, thefts & crime can be avoided to large extend.
Avoiding thieves results in the safety of our financial assets and thereby this
system provides us protection against all.
The Laser & LDR system is highly sensitive with a great range of working.
The system senses the light emitted by the Laser falling over the LDR
connected with the circuit. Whenever the beam of light is interrupted by any
means, it triggers the alarm or siren. This highly reactive approach has low
computational requirement; therefore, it is well suited to surveillance,
industrial application and smart environments.
