![BASIC MATHEMATICAL SYMBOLS
(Symbols save time and space when writing)
Here are the most common mathematical symbols:
Symbol Meaning Example
+ add 3+7 = 10
− subtract 5−2 = 3
× multiply 4×3 = 12
÷ / divide 20÷5 = 20/5= 4
( ) grouping symbols – parenthesis (round bracket) 2(a−3)
[ ] grouping symbols – brace (square bracket) 2[ a−3(b+c) ]
{ } set symbols – bracket (curly bracket) {1,2,3}
π pi A = πr2
∞ infinity or indeterminate ∞ is endless
= equals 1+1 = 2
approximately equal to π 3.14
≠ not equal to π ≠ 2
< ≤ less than, less than or equal to 2 < 3
> ≥ greater than, greater than or equal to 5 > 1
square root (“radical sign”) √4 = 2
√
3
cube root
√
𝑛
nth root
implies (if ... then) a and b are odd a+b is even
° degrees 20°
summation of ∑ 𝑥𝑖
𝑛
𝑖=1 = x1+x2+..+xn
product of ∏ 𝑥1
𝑛
𝑖 = (x1)(x2)...(xn)
! factorial 4! = 4×3×2×1 = 24
"if and only if" or iff or "is equivalent to" x = y+1 y = x −1
therefore a=b b=a
❑ QED what has to be proven has already been proven
for any, for all x, y N
there exist x, y N
~ similar to ABC ~ XYZ
null set N =
element of x N
| or s.t. such that {x | x N}](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/mathsymbols-table-210325042136/85/Math-symbols-table-1-320.jpg)
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- 1. BASIC MATHEMATICAL SYMBOLS (Symbols save time and space when writing) Here are the most common mathematical symbols: Symbol Meaning Example + add 3+7 = 10 − subtract 5−2 = 3 × multiply 4×3 = 12 ÷ / divide 20÷5 = 20/5= 4 ( ) grouping symbols – parenthesis (round bracket) 2(a−3) [ ] grouping symbols – brace (square bracket) 2[ a−3(b+c) ] { } set symbols – bracket (curly bracket) {1,2,3} π pi A = πr2 ∞ infinity or indeterminate ∞ is endless = equals 1+1 = 2 approximately equal to π 3.14 ≠ not equal to π ≠ 2 < ≤ less than, less than or equal to 2 < 3 > ≥ greater than, greater than or equal to 5 > 1 square root (“radical sign”) √4 = 2 √ 3 cube root √ 𝑛 nth root implies (if ... then) a and b are odd a+b is even ° degrees 20° summation of ∑ 𝑥𝑖 𝑛 𝑖=1 = x1+x2+..+xn product of ∏ 𝑥1 𝑛 𝑖 = (x1)(x2)...(xn) ! factorial 4! = 4×3×2×1 = 24 "if and only if" or iff or "is equivalent to" x = y+1 y = x −1 therefore a=b b=a ❑ QED what has to be proven has already been proven for any, for all x, y N there exist x, y N ~ similar to ABC ~ XYZ null set N = element of x N | or s.t. such that {x | x N}
- 2. Basic Symbols Used in Geometry Here are the most common geometrical symbols: Symbol Meaning Example In Words Triangle ABC has 3 equal sides Triangle ABC has three equal sides Angle ABC is 45° The angle formed by ABC is 45 degrees. Perpendicular AB CD The line AB is perpendicular to line CD Parallel EF GH The line EF is parallel to line GH Degrees 360° 360 degrees (a full rotation!) Right Angle (90°) is 90° A right angle is 90 degrees Line Segment "AB" AB The line segment between A and B Line "AB" The infinite line that includes A and B Ray "AB" The line that starts at A, goes through B and continues on Congruent (same shape and size) ABC DEF Triangle ABC is congruent to triangle DEF Similar (same shape, different size) DEF MNO Triangle DEF is similar to triangle MNO Therefore a=b b=a a equals b, therefore b equals a Example: In ABC, BAC is Is really saying: "In triangle ABC, the angle BAC is a right angle" Naming Angles: For angles the central letter is where the angle is. Example: ABC is 45°. The point "B" is where the angle is.