Urban design

URBAN DESIGN
TOWN PLANNING-I
BAR 804
Ar. AYAZ AHMAD
KHAN
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
INVERTIS UNIVERSITY

Contents
What we will learn
1. Urban Design
2. Difference between
Architecture, Urban Design
& Urban Planning.
3. Elements of Urban Design
4. Principles of Urban Design
5. Case Study

What is Urban Design ?
• Urban design is the process of designing and shaping cities, towns and villages.
• In contrast to architecture, which focuses on the design of individual buildings, urban
design deals with the larger scale of groups of buildings, streets and public spaces, whole
neighbourhoods and districts, and entire cities, with the goal of making urban areas
functional, attractive, and sustainable
• Urban design isconcerned with the arrangement, appearance and function of our suburbs, towns
and cities.
• It is both a process and an outcome of creating localities in which people live, engage with each
other,and engagewiththephysicalplacearound them.
• Itinvolvesthedesignand coordination of all thatmakesup citiesand towns.

What is Urban Design ?
• Urban design involves the arrangement and design of buildings, public spaces, transport
systems, services, and amenities. Urban design is the process of giving form, shape, and
character to groups of buildings, to whole neighbourhoods, and the city.
• Urban design is about making connections between people and places, movement and
urban form, nature and the built fabric. Urban design draws together the many strands of
place-making, environmental stewardship, social equity and economic viability into the
creation of places with distinct beauty and identity.

Architecture
Urban Design
Urban Planning

Architecture Urban Design Urban
Planning

“Architecture isn’t just the reflection of the state of society, it’s the
reflection of the mind”

Architecture
The art or practice of
designing& constructing
buildings

Function:
Fundamentally to provide shelter
Form:
An art that is appreciated by many
its beauty.
Firmness:
Stability of structure
THE 3 FS OF
ARCHITECTURE

Urban
DesignThe design of Functionality of
spaces between buildings &
structures

URBAN DESIGN?
• Art of Making Places for People
• Human Interaction with the
environment
as Squares, Piazza, Streets, Pedestrian• Involves places such

“A street is a spatial entity and not the residue between buildings.”
–Anonymous

The Design & OrganisationOf
Urban Space & Infrastructure
URBAN PLANNING

WHAT’S UP?
TAKINGA LOOK AT URBAN
PLANNING
• Layout of neighbourhoods, cities
and regions
• Fulfilling needs of community
& economy

“If you can tell a man by his shoes, you can tell a city by its pavements”
- RowanMoore

Architecture Urban Design Urban Planning
Scale Individual building Spaces between
buildings: street, park,
transit stop
Whole
neighbourhoods,
districts & cities
Orientation Aesthetic and functional Aesthetic and functional Utility
Treatmen
t of
space
2D & 3D 3D Predominantly 2D
Time frame No definite time frame ShortTerm (<5years) LongTerm (5 to 20years)

ELEMENTS OF URBAN DESIGN
• BUILDINGS
• PUBLIC
SPACES
• STREETS
• TRANSPORT
• LANDSCAPE

#ELEMENTSOFURBANDESIGN
BUILDINGS

BUILDINGS
Buildings are the most
pronounced elementsof
urban design

BUILDINGS
they shape and articulate space by
forming the streetwalls of thecity.
Well-designed buildings and groups of buildings work
together tocreate a senseof place.

RESIDENTIAL Bldgs.
these are structures where people dwell.

PUBLIC SPACES

PUBLIC SPACES
Great public spaces are the living room
of the city - the place where people
come together toenjoy the city and each
other.

PUBLIC SPACES
 Public spaces make high quality life in the city possible - they
form the stageand backdrop tothe drama oflife.
 Public spaces range from grand central plazas and squares,to
small, local neighborhood parks.

ST.PETERSQUARE
Located directly in front of St. Peter’s Basilica in Vatican
City.

New York’s famous city square, Times Square is
located at the junction of Broadway and Seventh
Avenue and stretching from West 42nd to West 47th
Streets.
TIMES SQUARE

PLAZA MAYOR
The best known plaza in Madrid, Spain, this
impressive city square is one of the main stops on
any tourist visit.

MANILA BAYWALK
Located at Roxas Boulevard, this baywalk
catches the beautiful view of the sunset.

STREETS

STREETS
These are the connections between
spaces and places, as well as being
spaces themselves.
Theyare defined bytheir physical dimension
and character aswell asthe size, scale, and
character of thebuildings that linethem.

STREETS
Thepattern of the streetnetwork ispart
of what definesa city and what makes
each city unique.

STREETS
EXAMPLES
Main street
It is usually a focal point for shops and retailers in the central business district, and is
most often used in reference to retailing and socializing.
The term is commonly used in Scotland and the United States, and less often in
Canada, Australia and Ireland.

STREETS
EXAMPLES
HIGH street
Frequently used for the street name of the primary business street of towns or
cities, especially in the United Kingdom.

STREETS
EXAMPLES
FORE street
Often used for the main STREET of a town or village. Usage is almost entirely confined
to the SOUTH WEST OF ENGLND. There is also a Fore Street in PORTLAND,
UNITED STATES, presumably named by colonists from SW England.

STREETS
EXAMPLES
OVERPASS
In many countries including India, an overpass is normally a bridge for
motor vehicles to pass over other road or rail traffic.

STREETS
EXAMPLES
OVERPASS
It would introduce confusion to call a pedestrian bridge or
footbridge an overpass.

STREETS
EXAMPLES
ANOTHER EXAMPLEOFOVERPASS

STREETS
EXAMPLES
SKYWAY
Skyway is usually used in the US for long or high bridges for traffic.

STREETS
EXAMPLES
SKYWAY
Example of skyway

A controlled-access highway is a type of highway which has been designed for high-speed vehicular
traffic
STREETS
EXAMPLES
freeway
Is a type of highway
which has been
designed for high-
speed vehicular traffic

BOULEVARD
a type of large ROAD, usually running through a city.

STREETS
e
avenue
is traditionally a straight route with a line of trees or large shrubs running
along

STREETS
ESPLANADE
An esplanade is a long, open, level area, usually next to a river or large body of water,
where people may walk.
In NORTH AftERICA, an esplanade may often refer to a MEDIAN or the strip of
raised land dividing a roadway or boulevard.

a narrow passageway between or behind
buildings.
alley
STREETS

alley
A narrow street between the fronts of houses or
businesses. This type of alley is found in the older parts of
many cities,

alley It can refer to a narrow, usually paved, pedestrian path,
often
between the walls of buildings in towns and cities.

TRANSPORT

TRANSPORT
 Transportsystemsconnect theparts of citiesand help shape them, and
enablemovement throughout the city.
 Theyinclude road, rail, bicycle, and pedestriannetworks, and together
form thetotal movement systemof a city.

TRANSPORT
Thebalance of thesevarious transport systemsiswhat helps
define the quality and character of cities, and makesthem either
friendly or hostile to pedestrians.

TRANSPORT
Thebestcitiesare theonesthat elevatethe
experience of thepedestrian while minimizing the
dominance of theprivate automobile.

Train
A train is a form of rail transport consisting of a series of vehicles that usually
runs along a rail track to transport cargo or passengers although magnetic
levitation trains that float above the track exist too.

Bus
A bus is a road vehicle designed to carry many passengers. Buses have utilitarian
fittings designed for efficient movement of large numbers of people, and often have
multiple doors

taxi
A taxi is an automobile that carries passengers for a fare usually determined
by thedistance
traveled

Tricycle(TIRRI)
a tricycle is a public utility vehicle consisting of a motorcycle and an
attachedpassenger
sidecar

sidewalks
Sidewalks are also considered transport since it allows pedestrian to go to
other places.

LANDSCAPE

LANDSCAPE
Itisthe green part of the city that
weavesthroughout, in the form of
urban parks, streettrees,plants,
flowers, and water in many forms.

Thelandscape helps define
the character and beauty of
a city and creates soft,
contrasting spaces and
elements.
Green spaces in cities range from grand parkstosmall intimate
pocket parks.
LANDSCAPE

STREETS
POCKET PARK
It is a small park accessible to the general public. Pocket parks are
frequently created on a single vacant building lot or on small, irregular
pieces of land. They also may be created as a component of the public
space requirement of large building projects.

STREETS
Planters along thesidewalk

ELEMENTS OF URBAN DESIGN
 BUILDINGS
 PUBLIC SPACES
 STREETS
 TRANSPORT
 LANDSCAPE
RECAP

PRINCIPLES OF URBAN DESIGN
• CHARACTER
• CONTINUITY &
ENCLOSURE
• PUBLIC REALM
• EASE OF MOVEMENT
• LEGIBILITY
• ADAPTABILITY
• DIVERSITY

CHARACTER A PLACEWITH ITS OWN IDENTITY,TO PROMOTE CHARACTER IN
TOWNSCAPE & LANDSCAPE BY RESPONDINGTOAND REINFORCING LOCALLY DISTINCTIVE
PATTERNSOF DEVELOPMENT, LANDSCAPE AND CULTURE.
• Protect and enhance the buildings, street,
materials, landmarks and views that are
unique and give the campus/city its identity.
• The appearance of the built environment
defines an area’s identity and character and
creates a sense ofplace.
• Many areas of the campus have a well-
established character that needs to be
protected andenhanced.
• No site is a blank slate. It will have shape and
there will be adjacent development and a
history which make it a distinctive place.
• This context should be established for each
site and responded to in order to build
something that is recognizable and special

CONTINUITY & ENCLOSURE A PLACEWHERE PUBLICAND PRIVATE SPACES ARE
CLEARLY DISTINGUISHED.TO PROMOTETHE CONTINUITYOF STREET FRONTAGES ANDTHE
ENCLOSURE OF SPACE BY DEVELOPMENT WHICHCLEARLY DEFINES PRIVATE & PUBLICAREAS.
• Create streets and public spaces that are
well connected and enclosed by attractive
building frontages.
• Every building is just one part of the fabric of
the campus/City which is held together by
the network of streets and spaces.
• Well enclosed and connected spaces allow
using and enjoying the campus conveniently
and in comfort
• The street forms the interface between the
public and private realm.
• Developing and protecting the urban fabric
or structure with strong spatial continuity
and a good sense of enclosure will benefit
the campus over time.

PUBLIC REALM A PLACEWITHATTRACTIVEAND SUCCESSFUL OUTDOOR SPACES.TO
PROMOTE PUBLIC SPACES AND ROUTESTHATARE ATTRACTIVE,SAFE, UCLUTTERED ANDWORK
EFFECTIVELY FOR ALL IN SOCIETY, INCLUDING DISABLED AND ELDERLY PEOPLE.
• Create high quality public spaces that are attractive,
safe, comfortable, well maintained, welcoming and
accessible to everyone.
• The term ‘public realm’ means any part of the campus
that can be experienced by everyone, from buildings to
bollards. Everything in the Public realm has an effect on
the campus/City image and character.
• A key principle is that ‘people attractpeople’.
• Places which feel good will encourage people to use
them and places which are well used stand a better
chance of being well cared for.
• The aim is to produce friendly, vibrant public places
where people feel welcome to visit, socialize and go
about their business and leisure in comfort and safety.
• Buildings define spaces and good architecture is

EASE OF MOVEMENT A PLACETHAT IS EASYTO GETTO AND MOVETHROUGH.TO
PROMOTE ACCESSIBILITYAND LOCAL PERMEABILITY BY MAKING PLACESTHATCONNECTWITH
EACH OTHERAND ARE EASYTO MOVETHROUGH, PUTTING PEOPLE BEFORETRAFFICAND
INTEGRATING LAND USES ANDTRASPORT.• Make the campus easy and safe to get to and move around in,
particularly for pedestrians and cyclists.
• Movement of all kinds is the lifeblood of any campus.
• The movement network must operate in a way which brings
the campus to life, yet high levels of traffic can impact
negatively on quality of life and perception ofplace.
• Transport planning should acknowledge that streets have vital
social, economic and amenity roles in addition to that of being
channels for vehicles.
• A well designed urban structure will have a network of streets
and spaces that can accommodate these roles as well as the
traffic.

LEGIBILITY A PLACETHAT HAS A CLEAR IMAGEAND IS EASYTO UNDERSTAND.TO
PROMOTETHROUGH DEVELOPMENTTHAT PROVIDES RECOGNISIBLE ROUTES, INTERSECTIONS
AND LANDMARKSTO HELP PEOPLE FINDTHEIRWAY AROUND.• Create a place that both residents and visitors can understand and easily
navigate.
• Good urban design can help to create a campus that is easy to
understand and find one’s way about.
• Streets, buildings, vistas, visual details and activities should be used to
give a strong sense of place and to provide an understanding of
destinations and routes.
• A legible urban environment is the sum of many of the urban design
principles.
clear – specific- and attractive

• ROUTES - the routes people take are a key
element in the way the campus is perceived.
• LANDMARKS - landmarks include public art or
a unique lighting scheme, traffic signals, a strong
element of urban character such as a distinctive
building or a striking vista.
• FOCAL POINTS - public spaces are key to the
legibility of any place. the best are active areas
where people gather and meet and such focal
points should be emphasized, given clear definition
and purpose.
• VIEW- protect key views and create new vistas
and landmarks to help people locate themselves in
the campus and create links within and beyond
the immediate area.
LEGIBILITY

ADAPTABILITY A PLACETHAT CAN CHANGE EASILY.TO PROMOTE ADAPTABILITY
THROUGH DEVELOPMENTTHAT CAN RESPONDTO CHANGING SOCIAL,TECHNOLOGICALAND
ECONOMIC CONDITIONS.
• Create a campus that can adapt to change
so that buildings may come and go, but the
streets last a lifetime.
• Successful campus’s accept change and
continually adapt to remain vibrant over
time.
• Thoughtful and good urban design is
required to achieve this flexibility.
• New developments and public realm
improvements should be designed both to
respect the existing context and to
accommodate future change.

DIVERSITY A PLACEWITHVARIETYAND CHOICE.TO PROMOTE DIVERSITYAND CHOICE
THROUGHA MIX OF COMPATIBLE DEVELOPMENTS AND USESTHATWORKTOGETHERTO CREATE
VIABLE PLACESTHAT RESPONDTO LOCAL NEEDS.• Create a campus with variety and choice.
Encourage a mix of uses (institutional,
residential, leisure, ) and architectural
styles to create vibrant campus.
• Housing, leisure, places to work and meet
should interrelate to form an identifiable
and walk able campus that meets the
needs of residents.
• The campus’s which benefit from a
mixture of good amenities have the
means to support their own requirements
and reinforce a sense of community.

CASE STUDY IIT ROORKEECAMPUS
Master plan of IIT Roorkee Campus

•The main building shows the architecture of highest
heritage and amenity value with a quality public realm.
Analysis

•Contemporary architectural style material and colour
create a sense of coherency.

•The tower structure of electronics department
acting as landmark.

•Good quality public realm of central library create a new
identity for the area.

•Good landscaping integrate the building and their external
spaces into an imageablewhole.

•Well treated junctions aid legibility and make easy to navigate
into the campus.

•Pedestrian and vehicular segregation of the street
avoids conflicts.

•Planting of different types ,using many species for their
seasonal colour or texture complement the orchestration of
built form.

•Streets shows definition, active frontages and
permeability.

•U G Club encourages leisure use and temporary events.

•Students centered activity area enhancesnatural
surveillance to the campus.

Urban design

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