2. Objectives
WHAT is a population pyramid?
HOW to read a population pyramid?
Recognise SHAPES of population
pyramids.
IMPORTANCE of population
pyramids.
3. WHAT IS A POPULATION PYRAMID?
It is a diagram that gives information about the proportion of males and
females in each age group.
Policy Planning
• future housing estates
• future schools
• future jobs
Comparison with other countries
• developed (US) vs developing (India)
Normally Males are on the left side and Females are on the right side
Age categories are in 5 year intervals labeled up the center
Age groups are divided into:
- proportion of young people (0 -14 )
- proportion of working people (15 – 59)
- proportion of elderly people (60+)
The horizontal axis is measured in numbers appropriate for the country.
Each pyramid tells a story about the past, present & future of a country &
its people
4. What is a population pyramid?
Vertical Axis - Age Groups
Horizontal Axis – Percentage / number
Young dependents
Working population
Elderly dependents
5. HOWTO READA POPULATIONPYRAMID?
Read the title e.g.
country or city or
racial group
Comment on
general shape of
the pyramid
Note the
proportion of
people in various
age groups
Note the sex ratio
Interpret the data
6. WHATTO LOOK FOR IN A POPULATIONPYRAMID?
SHAPE OF THE SIDES
Concave (curved in) sides indicates a high
death rate and convex (curved out) indicates
a low death rate.
9. WHATTO LOOK FOR IN A POPULATIONPYRAMID?
WIDTH OF THE BASE
Birth rates varies with the width of the base. A
WIDE base indicates high birth rate and a
NARROW base indicates low birth rates
11. WHATTO LOOK FOR IN A POPULATIONPYRAMID?
Bumps in the sides or Symmetry
Statistically speaking pyramids should be relatively
symmetrical. Any ASYMMETRY indicates a difference in the
male and female population. IRREGULARITIES in the sides
indicate a demographic difference.
14. Population pyramid that has a
triangular / pyramid shape
Wide base of this population
indicates a HIGH birth rate
Narrow top indicates HIGH
death rate
Rapid Growth indicates Lower
Standard of living.
High birth rate due to poor access
to lack of birth control, education
High death rate due to lack of
medication, education, nutrition
RAPIDGROWTH
15. Stable populations are
characteristics of high
standard of living due
to:
Low birth rate due to
good family planning,
access to birth control,
financial planning,
education
Low death rate due to
good medical care,
nutrition, education
SLOWGROWTH
16. Negative growth
population have a
narrower base that the
reproductive age
population
This indicates decrease
population trend
Low birth rate reveals a
more developed country
NEGATIVE GROWTH
17. COMPARISONWITHOTHERCOUNTRIES
MORE DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
Countries with high level of
development and great deal of
technology and manufacturing
• Great number of automobiles,
doctors, computers,
telephones
• Low Death Rates
• High Standard of Living
• Very good Healthcare
• Literacy rate in the 90’s
• Per Capita incomes $30,000
and above
• Low Birth Rates
United States, Australia, France,
Germany, Japan, England
18. COMPARISONWITHOTHERCOUNTRIES
NEWLY INDUSTRIALIZED
COUNTRIES
Increase in income but standard
of living has not improved
(barely going through
(INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION)
Medium to Low death rate
Improving standard of living
Improving Health Care
Literacy Rates in the 70% to
80%
Per Capita Incomes rising
$10,000-$30,000
Birth Rate Declining
Brazil, Russia, India, China,
Mexico
19. COMPARISONWITHOTHERCOUNTRIES
LESS DEVELOPED COUNTRY
Countries in the process of becoming
industrialized, not economically
advanced
• Concentrated on agriculture,
lack investment, small amount
of doctors and hospitals
• High Death Rate
• Low Standard of Living
• Poor Health Care
• Low Literacy Rates-Below 50%
• Low Per Capita Incomes $0-
$5,000
• High Birth Rate
Afghanistan, Countries in
Africa,