Unit - 2 2. Population pyramids.pptx

Objectives
 WHAT is a population pyramid?
 HOW to read a population pyramid?
 Recognise SHAPES of population
pyramids.
 IMPORTANCE of population
pyramids.

WHAT IS A POPULATION PYRAMID?
 It is a diagram that gives information about the proportion of males and
females in each age group.
 Policy Planning
• future housing estates
• future schools
• future jobs
 Comparison with other countries
• developed (US) vs developing (India)
 Normally Males are on the left side and Females are on the right side
 Age categories are in 5 year intervals labeled up the center
 Age groups are divided into:
- proportion of young people (0 -14 )
- proportion of working people (15 – 59)
- proportion of elderly people (60+)
 The horizontal axis is measured in numbers appropriate for the country.
 Each pyramid tells a story about the past, present & future of a country &
its people

What is a population pyramid?
Vertical Axis - Age Groups
Horizontal Axis – Percentage / number
Young dependents
Working population
Elderly dependents

HOWTO READA POPULATIONPYRAMID?
 Read the title e.g.
country or city or
racial group
 Comment on
general shape of
the pyramid
 Note the
proportion of
people in various
age groups
 Note the sex ratio
 Interpret the data

WHATTO LOOK FOR IN A POPULATIONPYRAMID?
 SHAPE OF THE SIDES
 Concave (curved in) sides indicates a high
death rate and convex (curved out) indicates
a low death rate.

 WIDTH OF THE BASE
 Birth rates varies with the width of the base. A
WIDE base indicates high birth rate and a
NARROW base indicates low birth rates

 Bumps in the sides or Symmetry
 Statistically speaking pyramids should be relatively
symmetrical. Any ASYMMETRY indicates a difference in the
male and female population. IRREGULARITIES in the sides
indicate a demographic difference.

 Population pyramid that has a
triangular / pyramid shape
 Wide base of this population
indicates a HIGH birth rate
 Narrow top indicates HIGH
death rate
 Rapid Growth indicates Lower
Standard of living.
 High birth rate due to poor access
to lack of birth control, education
 High death rate due to lack of
medication, education, nutrition
RAPIDGROWTH

 Stable populations are
characteristics of high
standard of living due
to:
 Low birth rate due to
good family planning,
access to birth control,
financial planning,
education
 Low death rate due to
good medical care,
nutrition, education
SLOWGROWTH

 Negative growth
population have a
narrower base that the
reproductive age
population
 This indicates decrease
population trend
 Low birth rate reveals a
more developed country
NEGATIVE GROWTH

COMPARISONWITHOTHERCOUNTRIES
 MORE DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
 Countries with high level of
development and great deal of
technology and manufacturing
• Great number of automobiles,
doctors, computers,
telephones
• Low Death Rates
• High Standard of Living
• Very good Healthcare
• Literacy rate in the 90’s
• Per Capita incomes $30,000
and above
• Low Birth Rates
 United States, Australia, France,
Germany, Japan, England

 NEWLY INDUSTRIALIZED
COUNTRIES
 Increase in income but standard
of living has not improved
(barely going through
(INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION)
 Medium to Low death rate
 Improving standard of living
 Improving Health Care
 Literacy Rates in the 70% to
80%
 Per Capita Incomes rising
$10,000-$30,000
 Birth Rate Declining
 Brazil, Russia, India, China,
Mexico

 LESS DEVELOPED COUNTRY
 Countries in the process of becoming
industrialized, not economically
advanced
• Concentrated on agriculture,
lack investment, small amount
of doctors and hospitals
• High Death Rate
• Low Standard of Living
• Poor Health Care
• Low Literacy Rates-Below 50%
• Low Per Capita Incomes $0-
$5,000
• High Birth Rate
 Afghanistan, Countries in
Africa,

Unit - 2 2. Population pyramids.pptx

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