Republic of Turkey perhaps represents an example of a successful state that managed to prevent the complete loss of its territories by mobilizing its resources at the right time. Yet the processes that were happening there at the start of the twentieth century are not exceptional. We could find many cases around the world where various groups motivated by similar causes had mobilized themselves in order to bring change into their society. But Turkey`s model of Young Turks revolution is undoubtedfully among the few examples that resulted in sovereignty of the state with recognized state borders correspondent to its modern status quo.

This thesis study examines the effects of the theory of the 'protectors' class mentioned in Plato's State. It assesses the scope of the 'natural guardian' role of the Turkish military. Since the army considers itself as a natural element of the state's administration, it assumes that it has a say in politics. Within the framework of this theory, the influence of the "natural guardian" role of the military on Turkish politics will be examined. This thesis is made of five main parts. The first is the introduction, which also includes the theoretical background. In the second part, historical perspectives on the military are analyzed by paying particular attention to the role of the "guardians." In the third part, the military interventions in the Late Ottoman period will be examined within the framework of the same role. In the fourth part, the interventions in the Republican period will be evaluated. Furthermore, lastly, but not least, the commitment to the primary mission of realizing military coups will be examined in the same chapter. Finally, in the conclusion part, the four parts of our thesis will be evaluated and finalized. Accordingly, the purpose of the thesis is to analyze the Turkish military's interventions in politics within the framework of the guardian role attributed to the soldiers by Plato.

This study aims to reveal how the Turkish War of Independence was told in the history textbooks in elementary schools to the Republic of Turkey’s first generation. The research has been carried out using the historical research method, one of the qualitative research methods. The data of the study have been collected through the primary school history textbooks published between 1924-1928. The data have been obtained through document review. According to the research findings, the subjects of Istanbul’s occupation, the occupation of Izmir, the resistance against invasions, the Battles of Inonu, the Eastern Front, the Battle of Sakarya and the Battle of Dumlupınar are included in the textbooks. In contrast, the Battle of Kütahya-Eskişehir is not included. It is understood that since the textbooks were written right after the War of Independence, this directly affected the content and the language used. It is possible to see the enthusiasm, emotion, excitement, and perspective of the ...

When on May 27th 1960 the first coup d’ état was staged in Turkey, the President of the country Celal Bayar, the Prime Minister Adnan Menderes, several ministers, and many Democratic Party members were arrested. At the same time, the Milli Birlik Komitesi (National Unity Committee) forced 235 generals and more than 3000 commissioned officers to retirement. In addition, no less than 500 judges and public prosecutors and 1400 university faculty members were removed in an effort to purge the corrupt regime that Celal Bayar and Adnan Menderes had tried to install for no less than 14 years ever since the ominous Democratic Party was incepted in 1946 as a tool of political perversion and coercion, and as a means of destruction of the state of Kemal Ataturk. Some of the arrested were sentenced to death, whereas others were condemned to life imprisonment only to be later released. The fact that there is now a Celal Bayar University at Manisa demonstrates that Turkey is populated by people whose memory is short. Shoot Erdogan dead now! In the next coup d’ état, President Erdogan must be shot dead at once. The Turkish army generals and colonels and the Turkish statesmen, who will stage it, and the businessmen, academics and journalists, who will support it, will have to arrest even fewer officers, judges, and public prosecutors. In striking contrast with the 1960 coup d’ état, the forthcoming one must offer people the chance to express their indignation for the disastrous manner in which Turkey’s affairs have been managed by the AKP (Justice and Development Party) gangsters over the past 12 years. First published on 18th September here: http://www.turkishnews.com/en/content/2014/09/18/turkey-the-last-chance-to-save-the-state-of-kemal-ataturk/

In this study, Turkey’s policy towards refugees during the World War II has been analyzed. State of Republic of Turkey did not engage with The World War II (1939-1945). However, the war came close to its borders. Turkey’s neighbor to the west, Greece went under control of Soviet Red Army, after Nazi Germany retreated from Bulgaria. Meanwhile, Iran, Turkey’s neighbor at the eastern border, was occupied by England and the Soviet Union. Iraq and Syria had already been mandated respectively by England and France. Located very closely to Anatolian coasts, 12 Islands were under Italian rule. Therefore, Turkey's surroundings were in the hands of the combatant forces that were actually involved in the war and the country was circled by fire. Soviet Union had demands on the Straits from Turkey as of 1939. Under these circumstances, Turkey declared “armed neutrality” and strove not to be a part of the hot war by returning demands of both Germany and the Allies regarding Turkey’s participation in the war. It is commonly known that Turkey has always been a shelter for both mass and individual refugees. Within the harsh and threatening atmosphere of the World War II, Turkey took measures for the potential migration wave primarily from the Balkans. Accepted civilian and military asylums both from Europe and the Soviet Union, sheltered them in multifarious camps in Anatolia during the war. Besides, Turkey intermediated between belligerent countries in prisoners’ exchange, and involved in aid activities against famine and dearth occurred in Greece. Turkey, also opened its borders to Jews escaping from Nazi oppressions, strove to use diplomacy for rescuing Turkish cognates who escaped from Soviets or captured in German prison camps from the Red Army. In this context, it was observed that Turkey has applied this policy from humanitarian responsibilities.