US9684060B2 - Ultrasound-based localization of client devices with inertial navigation supplement in distributed communication systems and related devices and methods - Google Patents

Ultrasound-based localization of client devices with inertial navigation supplement in distributed communication systems and related devices and methods Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US9684060B2
US9684060B2 US14/533,383 US201414533383A US9684060B2 US 9684060 B2 US9684060 B2 US 9684060B2 US 201414533383 A US201414533383 A US 201414533383A US 9684060 B2 US9684060 B2 US 9684060B2
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
ultrasound
client device
beacons
controller
signals
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related, expires
Application number
US14/533,383
Other versions
US20150268327A1 (en
Inventor
Ulrich Wilhelm Heinz Neukirch
Ofer Saban
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Corning Research and Development Corp
Original Assignee
Corning Optical Communications LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Corning Optical Communications LLC filed Critical Corning Optical Communications LLC
Priority to US14/533,383 priority Critical patent/US9684060B2/en
Publication of US20150268327A1 publication Critical patent/US20150268327A1/en
Assigned to Corning Optical Communications LLC reassignment Corning Optical Communications LLC ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SABAN, OFER, NEUKIRCH, ULRICH WILHELM HEINZ
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US9684060B2 publication Critical patent/US9684060B2/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Adjusted expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/18Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using ultrasonic, sonic, or infrasonic waves
    • G01S5/26Position of receiver fixed by co-ordinating a plurality of position lines defined by path-difference measurements
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S1/00Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith
    • G01S1/72Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
    • G01S1/76Systems for determining direction or position line
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S1/00Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith
    • G01S1/72Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
    • G01S1/76Systems for determining direction or position line
    • G01S1/80Systems for determining direction or position line using a comparison of transit time of synchronised signals transmitted from non-directional transducers or transducer systems spaced apart, i.e. path-difference systems
    • G01S1/802Systems for determining direction or position line using a comparison of transit time of synchronised signals transmitted from non-directional transducers or transducer systems spaced apart, i.e. path-difference systems the synchronised signals being frequency modulations on carrier waves and the transit times being compared by measuring difference of instantaneous frequencies of received carrier waves
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/02Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
    • G01S5/0257Hybrid positioning
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/02Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
    • G01S5/0257Hybrid positioning
    • G01S5/0263Hybrid positioning by combining or switching between positions derived from two or more separate positioning systems
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/18Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using ultrasonic, sonic, or infrasonic waves

Definitions

  • the technology of the disclosure relates to distributed communication systems, and in particular to providing devices, systems, and methods to allow determination of the location of client devices within distributed communication systems.
  • Wireless communication is rapidly growing, with ever-increasing demands for high-speed mobile data communication.
  • WiFi wireless local area networks
  • WLANs wireless local area networks
  • Distributed antenna systems communicate with wireless devices called “clients,” “client devices,” or “wireless client devices,” which must reside within the wireless range or “cell coverage area,” to communicate with an access point device.
  • Distributed antenna systems are particularly useful inside buildings or other indoor environments where client devices may not otherwise effectively receive radio frequency (RF) signals from a source.
  • RF radio frequency
  • Typical indoor distributed communication systems include a central or head-end unit communicatively coupled to a plurality of remote units that each provides an antenna coverage area.
  • the remote units each include RF transceivers coupled to an antenna to transmit communication signals (e.g., RF, data) wirelessly.
  • the remote units are coupled to the head-end station via communication media to receive downlink communication signals to be wirelessly transmitted over an antenna in the coverage area to client devices.
  • the remote units also wirelessly receive uplink communication signals from client devices to be communicated to the head-end station.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an optical fiber-based distributed communication system 10 .
  • the system 10 is configured to create one or more antenna coverage areas for establishing communication with wireless client devices (sometimes referred to herein as mobile terminals) located in the RF range of the antenna coverage areas.
  • the system 10 includes a central unit or head-end unit (HEU) 12 , one or more remote antenna units (RAUs) 14 and an optical fiber link 16 that optically couples the HEU 12 to the RAU 14 .
  • the HEU 12 is configured to receive communication over downlink electrical RF signals 18 D from a source or sources, such as a network or carrier, and provide such communication to the RAU 14 .
  • Such downlink communication signals are received through a conventional input, such as a downlink input.
  • the HEU 12 is also configured to return communication received from the RAU 14 , via uplink electrical RF signals 18 U, back to the sources.
  • the optical fiber link 16 includes at least one downlink optical fiber 16 D to carry signals communicated from the HEU 12 to the RAU 14 and at least one uplink optical fiber 16 U to carry signals communicated from the RAU 14 back to the HEU 12 .
  • An interface couples the HEU 12 to the optical fiber link 16 .
  • the interface may be a conventional interface configured to receive downlink communication signals and pass the downlink communication signals to the RAU 14 through the link 16 .
  • the system 10 has an antenna coverage area 20 that can be substantially centered about the RAU 14 .
  • the antenna coverage area 20 of the RAU 14 forms an RF coverage area 22 .
  • the HEU 12 is adapted to perform any one of a number of Radio-over Fiber (RoF) applications, such as radio-frequency identification (RFID), WLAN communication, or cellular phone service.
  • RFID radio-frequency identification
  • Shown within the antenna coverage area 20 is a client device 24 in the form of a mobile terminal as an example, which may be a cellular telephone, smart phone, tablet computer, or the like.
  • the client device 24 can be any device that is capable of receiving RF communication signals.
  • the client device 24 includes an antenna 26 (e.g., a bipole, monopole, bowtie, inverted F, a wireless card, or the like) adapted to receive and/or send electromagnetic RF signals.
  • the HEU 12 includes an electrical-to-optical (E/O) converter 28 to communicate the electrical RF signals over the downlink optical fiber 16 D to the RAU 14 , to in turn be communicated to the client device 24 in the antenna coverage area 20 formed by the RAU 14 .
  • the E/O converter 28 converts the downlink electrical RF signals 18 D to downlink optical RF signals 30 D to be communicated over the downlink optical fiber 16 D.
  • the RAU 14 includes an optical-to-electrical (O/E) converter 32 to convert received downlink optical RF signals 30 D back to electrical signals to be communicated wirelessly through an antenna 34 of the RAU 14 to client devices 24 located in the antenna coverage area 20 .
  • the antenna 34 receives wireless RF communication from client devices 24 and communicates electrical RF signals representing the wireless RF communication to an E/O converter 36 in the RAU 14 .
  • the E/O converter 36 converts the electrical RF signals into uplink optical RF signals 30 U to be communicated over the uplink optical fiber 16 U.
  • An O/E converter 38 in the HEU 12 converts the uplink optical RF signals 30 U into uplink electrical RF signals, which are then communicated as uplink electrical RF signals 18 U back to a network.
  • the distributed communication system 10 in FIG. 1 may be desired to provide the distributed communication system 10 in FIG. 1 indoors, such as inside a building or other facility.
  • Other services may be negatively affected or not possible due to the indoor environment.
  • it may be desired or required to provide localization services for the client devices 24 , such as emergency 911 (E911) services.
  • E911 emergency 911
  • a client device is located indoors, techniques such as global positioning services (GPS) may not be effective at providing or determining the location of the client device. Indoors, GPS signals are usually too weak to be received by client devices. Further, triangulation and/or trilateration techniques from the outside network may not be able to determine the location of client devices.
  • GPS global positioning services
  • Other methods for determining location of client devices may be based on receiving wireless data signals transmitted by existing wireless data devices provided in wireless communication systems (e.g., cell phone network and/or WLAN access points).
  • existing wireless data signals may only be accurate to down to a resolution of still a relatively large distance (e.g., ten meters) since the client devices may receive wireless data signals from wireless data devices not in close proximity to the client devices.
  • use of existing wireless data signals for localization may necessitate a greater density of RF communication devices than is required for data communication.
  • determining location of client devices at lower resolution distances e.g., less than ten (10) meters, floor level in a building, etc.
  • using wireless communication signals transmitted from existing wireless data devices may not be possible without providing additional, greater densities of these wireless data devices at greater cost and complexity.
  • Embodiments disclosed herein include ultrasound-based localization of client devices in distributed communication systems. Related devices, systems, and methods are also disclosed.
  • a plurality of spatially located ultrasound beacons are provided in known locations within the distributed communication systems.
  • Each of the spatially located ultrasound beacons is configured to emit ultrasound pulses that can be received by client devices in ultrasound communication range of the ultrasound beacons.
  • the client devices are configured to analyze the received ultrasound pulses from the plurality of ultrasound beacons to determine their time-difference of arrivals at the client device. As a result, the client devices can determine their relative distance to ultrasound beacons in a distributed communication system.
  • a master ultrasound beacon is provided that encodes location information in a second channel with emitted ultrasound pulses received by the client devices that can be used with the determined relative distance to determine location of the client device in the distributed communication system.
  • the distributed communication systems employing ultrasound beacons can facilitate the determining and/or providing of location information to client devices, including wireless client devices that may not otherwise be able to receive, for example, GPS information from GPS satellites.
  • Providing location information to client devices inside a building or other location may make location-based services possible (e.g., emergency 911 (E911) services) for the client devices.
  • E911 emergency 911
  • ultrasound pulses by a client device to determine its location in a distributed communication system can provide greater resolution (e.g., sub-meter resolution) in location determination. Increased resolution results from the lower velocity of sound (as opposed to light or radio-frequency signals), which translates into lessened requirements for time resolution in ultrasound pulse measurements.
  • Ultrasound waves experience strong attenuation in buildings walls, ceilings, and floors, thus the ultrasound beacons can be strategically placed to allow client devices to avoid detection of ultrasound waves from other ultrasound beacons not located in proximity to the client devices (e.g., on a different floor).
  • Use of ultrasound pulses to facilitate location determination using time-difference of arrival can also avoid the need to synchronize the clock of the client device.
  • the ultrasound beacon also comprises a radio-frequency (RF) receiver coupled to the controller, the RF receiver configured to receive RF synchronization signals comprising synchronization information.
  • the controller is configured to synchronize an internal clock based on the received synchronization information, and to cause the ultrasound emitter to emit ultrasound pulses in synchronization based on the synchronization information with other ultrasound beacons among an ultrasound beacon cluster, to client devices located in the distributed communication system.
  • the ultrasound receiver is configured to receive ultrasound pulses over at least one microphone.
  • the client device also comprises a radio-frequency (RF) transceiver coupled to the controller, the RF transceiver configured to wirelessly receive and transmit RF communication signals over at least one antenna.
  • the client device also comprises an inertial navigation system (INS) operatively coupled to the controller.
  • the controller is configured to calculate a position using received ultrasound signals, and use the INS to calculate a second position from the first position when the received ultrasound signals are below a predefined threshold.
  • a method of a RF communication client device configured to communicate in a distributed communication system determining location within the distributed communication systems determining location within the distributed communication systems. The method comprise calculating a first position using ultrasound signals received at the client device and calculating a second position using an inertial navigation system within the client device when a signal strength of the ultrasounds signals falls below a predefined threshold.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary optical fiber-based distributed communication system
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a distributed communication system employing a plurality of ultrasound beacons organized in ultrasound beacon clusters and configured to emit ultrasound pulses to be received by client devices to determine their location(s);
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a distributed communication system employing ultrasound beacon clusters in different floors of a building;
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a process of an ultrasound beacon receiving radio-frequency (RF) signals including synchronization information used by ultrasound beacons to synchronize their internal clocks used to control ultrasound pulse emission;
  • RF radio-frequency
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an ultrasound beacon that can be employed in the distributed communication system in FIG. 2 , wherein the ultrasound beacon may be a master ultrasound beacon or a non-master ultrasound beacon;
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a process of an ultrasound beacon emitting ultrasound pulses to be received by client devices, which can be used by the client devices to determine their location in a distributed communication system;
  • FIGS. 7A and 7B are flowcharts illustrating a process of a client device receiving ultrasound pulses from ultrasound beacons and the client devices using the time-difference-of-arrival of the received ultrasound pulses to device determine location;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a client device configured with an ultrasound receiver configured to receive ultrasound pulses and/or location information encoded in ultrasound pulses emitted by ultrasound beacons in a distributed communication system;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating ultrasound beacons, which may be the exemplary ultrasound beacon in FIG. 4 , included in remote units in a distributed communication system, which may be the system in FIG. 2 ;
  • FIG. 10 illustrates an ultrasound cluster with only two ultrasound beacons according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating alternate position calculation procedures
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of an alternate distributed communication system having a supplementary ultrasound system.
  • FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating an alternate embodiment of position calculation procedures for a system using a supplementary ultrasound system.
  • Embodiments disclosed herein include ultrasound-based localization of client devices in distributed communication systems, and elated devices, systems, and methods.
  • Ultrasound is sound at one or more wave frequencies higher than what humans can hear.
  • the upper frequency limit of human hearing is different for different individuals and decreases with increasing age.
  • the lower limit of ultrasound wave frequencies may be approximately 16 KHz or 20 KHz.
  • Ultrasound pulses are bursts of ultrasound waves.
  • Client devices are configured to analyze the received ultrasound pulses from the plurality of ultrasound beacons to determine their time-difference of arrivals at the client device. As a result, the client devices can determine their relative distance to ultrasound beacons in a distributed communication system.
  • a master ultrasound beacon that encodes location information in a second channel with emitted ultrasound pulses received by the client devices that can be used with the determined relative distance to determine location of the client device in the distributed communication system.
  • the client devices may comprise inertial navigation systems (INS) that calculate client device location as the client device moves, and when received ultrasound signals are below a predefined threshold.
  • INS inertial navigation systems
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary distributed communication system 40 employing a plurality of ultrasound beacons 42 organized in ultrasound beacon clusters 44 .
  • the ultrasound beacons 42 are configured to emit ultrasound pulses 46 to be received by client devices 48 in the distributed communication system 40 .
  • the distributed communication system 40 may be provided indoors in a building or other structure where it is difficult or impossible for the client device 48 to receive global positioning system (GPS) signals to determine location.
  • GPS global positioning system
  • a plurality of ultrasound beacon clusters 44 ( 1 )- 44 (A) are provided, wherein ‘A’ can be any positive whole integer.
  • Each ultrasound beacon cluster 44 ( 1 )- 44 (A) includes a plurality of non-master ultrasound beacons 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B) and one master ultrasound beacon 42 (M) in this example, wherein ‘B’ can be any positive whole integer.
  • the master ultrasound beacons 42 (M) are configured to encode as location information 50 , their location and the location of the other ultrasound beacons 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B) in their ultrasound beacon cluster 44 with the ultrasound pulses 46 (M) emitted to the client devices 48 .
  • the client devices 48 receive ultrasound pulses 46 from other ultrasound beacons 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B).
  • the client devices 48 equipped with a microphone to detect the ultrasound pulses 46 and other components, are configured to determine their location using the received location information 50 and determining the time-difference-of-arrival between the different received ultrasound pulses 46 , 46 (M).
  • the client devices 48 use time-difference-of-arrival analysis to determine their location relative to the master ultrasound beacon 42 (M) and the non-master ultrasound beacons 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B) in the distributed communication system 40 .
  • the determined location of the client devices 48 can be provided to another device or network for any purpose desired.
  • the ultrasound beacons 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M) are also capable of receiving synchronization information 51 over received communication signals or synchronization signals, which are RF synchronization signals 53 in this example.
  • the synchronization signals could be provided by other communication methods or mediums.
  • the synchronization signals could be provided as described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,175,649 entitled METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR REAL TIME CONTROL OF AN ACTIVE ANTENNA OVER A DISTRIBUTED ANTENNA SYSTEM, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • the RF synchronization signals 53 can be distributed by the remote units 66 ( 1 )- 66 (N) in the distributed communication system 40 to the ultrasound beacons 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M) as one convenient method.
  • the synchronization information 51 is used by the ultrasound beacons 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M) to synchronize their internal clocks used to control emission of the ultrasound pulses 46 , 46 (M).
  • the client devices 48 can distinguish between ultrasound pulses 46 , 46 (M) received from different ultrasound beacons 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M) to analyze their time-difference-of-arrivals to determine location.
  • the client devices 48 do not have to be synchronized with the ultrasound beacons 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M).
  • ultrasound beacons 42 can be provided in different ultrasound beacon clusters 44 ( 1 )- 44 (A) as long as at least one master ultrasound beacon 42 (M) and a plurality of other non-master ultrasound beacons 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B) are provided in each ultrasound beacon cluster 44 ( 1 )- 44 (A).
  • the ultrasound beacon clusters 44 ( 1 )- 44 (A) may be arranged in the distributed communication system 40 such that a client device 48 can receive ultrasound pulses 46 only from ultrasound beacons 42 in one ultrasound beacon cluster 44 ( 1 )- 44 (A) for a given location of the client device 48 .
  • This limitation can be provided as range limitations by placement of the ultrasound beacon clusters 44 ( 1 )- 44 (A) with respect to each other and/or differences in carrier frequencies as non-limiting examples.
  • the client device 48 does not receive ultrasound pulses 46 from two different ultrasound beacon clusters 44 ( 1 )- 44 (A) that cannot be compared in a time-difference-of-arrival analysis for a given location of the client device 48 .
  • the client device 48 would not receive location information 50 from multiple master ultrasound beacons 42 (M) in a given location of the client device 48 .
  • the distributed communication system 40 may be provided in a building infrastructure 52 .
  • the ultrasound beacon clusters 44 ( 1 )- 44 (A) may be on each floor of a building infrastructure 52 .
  • the ultrasound beacon cluster 44 ( 1 ) may be provided on a first floor 54 ( 1 ) of the building infrastructure 52 .
  • the ultrasound beacon cluster 44 ( 2 ) may be provided on a second floor 54 ( 2 ) of the building infrastructure 52 .
  • the ultrasound beacon cluster 44 ( 3 ) may be provided on the third floor 54 ( 1 ) of the building infrastructure 52 .
  • the ultrasound beacon clusters 44 ( 1 )- 44 (A) are configured to be provided in the distributed communication system 40 that is also configured to downlink and uplink distributed communication signals 56 D, 56 U from base stations 58 and/or a network 60 to and from the client device 48 .
  • a central unit 62 is provided that is configured to receive downlink communication signals 56 D from the base stations(s) 58 and/or the network 60 for distribution of a communication media 64 to one or more remote units 66 ( 1 )- 66 (N).
  • the remote units 66 ( 1 )- 66 (N) include at least one RF antenna 68 ( 1 ), 68 ( 2 ) configured to radiate the downlink communication signals 56 D to the client devices 48 .
  • Multiple RF antennas 68 ( 1 ), 68 ( 2 ) may be provided for multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) communication.
  • the remote units 66 ( 1 )- 66 (N) are also configured to receive uplink communication signals 56 U from the client devices 48 to be distributed over the communication media 64 to the central unit 62 to be provided to the base station(s) 58 and/or the network 60 .
  • the communication media 64 in the distributed communication system 40 could be one or a plurality of communication medium, and/or any of different types.
  • the communication media 64 may be electrical conductors, such as twisted-pair wiring or coaxial cable.
  • Frequency division multiplexing (FDM) or time division multiplexing (TDM) can be employed to provide the downlink and uplink communication signals 56 D, 56 U between the central unit 62 and the remote units 66 ( 1 )- 66 (N).
  • FDM Frequency division multiplexing
  • TDM time division multiplexing
  • separate, dedicated communication media 64 may be provided between the central unit 62 and the remote units 66 ( 1 )- 66 (N).
  • the downlink and uplink communication signals 56 D, 56 U could include digital data signals and/or RF communication signals.
  • Examples of digital data services provided with digital data signals include, but are not limited to, Ethernet, WLAN, WiMax, WiFi, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), and LTE, etc.
  • Ethernet standards could be supported, including but not limited to 100 Megabits per second (Mbs) (i.e., fast Ethernet) or Gigabit (Gb) Ethernet, or ten Gigabit (10G) Ethernet.
  • Mbs Megabits per second
  • Gb gigabit
  • 10G ten Gigabit
  • Examples of RF communication services provided with RF communication signals include, but are not limited to, US FCC and Industry Canada frequencies (824-849 MHz on uplink and 869-894 MHz on downlink), US FCC and Industry Canada frequencies (1850-1915 MHz on uplink and 1930-1995 MHz on downlink), US FCC and Industry Canada frequencies (1710-1755 MHz on uplink and 2110-2155 MHz on downlink), US FCC frequencies (698-716 MHz and 776-787 MHz on uplink and 728-746 MHz on downlink), EU R & TTE frequencies (880-915 MHz on uplink and 925-960 MHz on downlink), EU R & TTE frequencies (1710-1785 MHz on uplink and 1805-1880 MHz on downlink), EU R & TTE frequencies (1920-1980 MHz on uplink and 2110-2170 MHz on downlink), US FCC frequencies (806-824 MHz on uplink and 851-869 MHz on downlink), US FCC frequencies (896-901 MHz on uplink and 929-941
  • the ultrasound beacons 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M) are synchronized. This is opposed to having to synchronize the client devices 48 to the ultrasound beacons 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M).
  • the ultrasound beacons 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M) are synchronized to each other so that the ultrasound pulses 46 , 46 (M) are emitted by the ultrasound beacons 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M) in synchronization to the client devices 48 .
  • FIG. 4 provides a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process of an ultrasound beacon 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M) receiving RF synchronization signals 53 including synchronization information 51 .
  • the synchronization information 51 is used by the ultrasound beacons 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M) to synchronize their internal clocks used to synchronize ultrasound pulse 46 , 46 (M) emission.
  • the synchronization information 51 may be a central clock signal that is received by all ultrasound beacons 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M) and used to synchronize ultrasound pulse 46 , 46 (M) emission.
  • a controller 80 of the ultrasound beacon 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M), which is schematically illustrated by example in FIG. 5 determines if a RF synchronization signal 53 having encoded synchronization information 51 has been received (block 70 in FIG. 4 ).
  • the ultrasound beacon 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M) includes an RF antenna 82 coupled to a RF receiver 84 .
  • the RF antenna 82 is configured to receive the RF synchronization signal 53 having the encoded synchronization information 51 .
  • the RF synchronization signal 53 may be communicated using a radio frequency identification (RFID), Zigbee, or Dash7 protocol, as non-limiting examples.
  • RFID radio frequency identification
  • Zigbee Zigbee
  • Dash7 protocol as non-limiting examples.
  • the RF antenna 82 is coupled to the RF receiver 84 , which is configured to provide the encoded synchronization information 51 to the controller 80 .
  • the controller 80 is coupled to memory 86 that includes instruction store 88 and data store 90 .
  • the instruction store 88 contains instructions executed by the controller 80 to control the operations of the ultrasound beacon 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M).
  • the data store 90 allows the synchronization information 51 to be stored as well as other data, such as an identification indicia of the ultrasound beacon 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M), as examples.
  • the controller 80 can filter the RF synchronization signal 53 for the encoded synchronization information 51 (block 72 in FIG. 4 ).
  • the controller 80 can then use the synchronization information 51 to synchronize an internal clock 92 in the ultrasound beacon 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M), as illustrated in FIG. 5 (block 74 in FIG. 4 ).
  • the internal clock 92 emits a clock signal 94 that is used by controller 80 to control the emission of ultrasound pulses 46 , 46 (M).
  • the controller 80 is coupled to an ultrasound emitter 96 that is configured to emit the ultrasound pulses 46 , 46 (M).
  • the ultrasound emitter 96 is coupled to at least one speaker 98 that emits the ultrasound pulses 46 , 46 (M) as sound that can be received and recorded by the client devices 48 to perform time-difference-of-arrival analysis to determine the location of the client device 48 in the distributed communication system 40 .
  • the synchronization information 51 may be used by the ultrasound beacons 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M) to emit ultrasound pulses 46 , 46 (M) in sequence.
  • the sequence of ultrasound pulses 46 , 46 (M) arriving at a client device 48 is the same as the emission sequence and temporal overlap of ultrasound pulses 46 , 46 (M) is avoided. In this manner, there is sufficient separation in the received ultrasound pulses 46 , 46 (M) for the client device 48 to be able to distinguish the receipt of the ultrasound pulses 46 , 46 (M) as being emitted from particular ultrasound beacons 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M).
  • the client device 48 can determine its location by subtracting timing offsets from the ultrasound pulse 46 , 46 (M) arrival times to determine the relevant propagation-induced time-difference-of-arrival.
  • the ultrasound pulse 46 , 46 (M) emission time offsets may be configured based on the synchronization information 51 to be larger than the maximum propagation time possible.
  • the maximum propagation time possible depends on size in which an ultrasound beacon cluster 44 ( 1 )- 44 (A) is disposed and the speed of sound at approximately 330 meters per second (m/s) (i.e., about 1 foot per millisecond (ms)).
  • the ultrasound beacons 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M) may be configured to emit ultrasound pulses 46 , 46 (M) in approximately one millisecond (1 ms) durations to minimize or eliminate temporal overlap.
  • the ultrasound pulses 46 , 46 (M) could be emitted by different ultrasound beacons 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M) simultaneously or substantially simultaneously with the different ultrasound beacons 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M) emitting ultrasound pulses 46 , 46 (M) at different carrier frequencies.
  • Temporal overlap of received ultrasound pulses 46 , 46 (M) by the client devices 48 can be tolerated since the ultrasound pulses 46 , 46 (M) are separated in the frequency domain.
  • the client devices 48 can distinguish which ultrasound beacons 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 44 (M) emitted which ultrasound pulses 46 , 46 (M) in a spectral analysis of the received ultrasound pulses 46 , 46 (M).
  • the ultrasound pulses 46 , 46 (M) could be emitted by different ultrasound beacons 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M) and at different carrier frequencies.
  • the sequence of ultrasound pulses 46 , 46 (M) arriving at a client device 48 is the same as the emission sequence and temporal overlap of ultrasound pulses 46 , 46 (M) is avoided.
  • the client devices 48 can also distinguish which ultrasound beacons 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M) emitted which ultrasound pulses 46 , 46 (M) in a spectral analysis of the received ultrasound pulses 46 , 46 (M).
  • This example may be particular useful for larger rooms or areas requiring a larger number of ultrasound beacons 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M) to unambiguously associate ultrasound pulses 46 , 46 (M) as being emitted by particular ultrasound beacons 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M).
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process of an ultrasound beacon 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M) emitting ultrasound pulses 46 , 46 (M) to be received by the client devices 48 to determine their location.
  • the master ultrasound beacon 42 (M) is configured to encode location information 50 of all the ultrasound beacons 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M) in ultrasound pulses 46 (M) emitted by the master ultrasound beacon 42 (M) to the client devices 48 .
  • the location information 50 could be enclosed in a coding scheme, such as frequency-shift-keying (FSK) for example, or other coding schemes, using the ultrasound pulses 46 (M) as an over-the-air interface.
  • FSK frequency-shift-keying
  • the master ultrasound beacon 42 (M) determines if it is time to encode the location information 50 in ultrasound pulses 46 (M) to be emitted to the client devices 48 (block 102 in FIG. 6 ). It may only be desired to periodically, and less often than normal emission of ultrasound pulses 46 (M) for time-difference-of-arrival analysis, emit ultrasound pulses 46 (M) encoded with the location information 50 to the client devices 48 . Alternatively, periodically in this context could mean as often as the ultrasound pulses 46 (M) are emitted by the master ultrasound beacon 42 (M) for time-difference-of-arrival analysis.
  • the controller 80 of the master ultrasound beacon 42 (M) causes the ultrasound emitter 96 in FIG. 5 to emit ultrasound pulses 46 (M) with encoded location information 50 of the location of the ultrasound beacons 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M) in the ultrasound beacon cluster 44 to the client devices 48 (block 104 in FIG. 6 ).
  • the controller 80 of the ultrasound beacon 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M) controls emission of the ultrasound pulses 46 (M) to be in synchronization with other ultrasound beacons 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M) to the client devices 48 (block 106 in FIG. 6 ).
  • the synchronization methods employed by the controller 80 can include any of the synchronization techniques previously described above to allow the client devices 48 to distinguish between which particular ultrasound beacons 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M) the received ultrasound pulses 46 , 46 (M) were emitted.
  • the controller 80 may delay the emission of the next ultrasound pulses 46 , 46 (M) by the ultrasound emitter 96 next depending on the synchronization method employed (block 108 in FIG. 6 ).
  • FIGS. 7A and 7B are flowcharts illustrating an exemplary process of the client device 48 receiving ultrasound pulses 46 , 46 (M) from ultrasound beacons 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M) and using the time-difference-of-arrival of the received ultrasound pulses 46 , 46 (M) to determine location.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary client device 48 discussed in conjunction with FIGS. 7A and 7B .
  • a controller 150 of the client device 48 determines if it is time to record sound received by a microphone 152 coupled to an ultrasound receiver 154 to receive ultrasound pulses 46 , 46 (M) (block 110 in FIG. 7A ).
  • controller 150 of the client device 48 may be desired for the controller 150 of the client device 48 to only determine location at particular times to conserve power or processing capability of the controller 150 . It may also be desired of the controller 150 of the client device 48 to only record sound to receive ultrasound pulses 46 , 46 (M) when directed by a user through input 158 on a user interface 156 provided in the client device 48 .
  • the controller 150 continues to make this determination (block 110 in FIG. 7A ) until it is time to record sound received by a microphone 152 coupled to an ultrasound receiver 154 .
  • the controller 150 directs the ultrasound receiver 154 to receive sound received by the microphone 152 and record the sound in memory 160 for a defined period of time (block 112 in FIG. 7A ).
  • the memory 160 also contains the instructions that are executed by the controller 150 to perform the location determination operations discussed herein in this example. For example, these instructions may be provide in a location applet 162 stored in memory 160 .
  • the ultrasound pulses 46 , 46 (M) are communicated by the ultrasound beacons 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M) at one or more carrier frequencies.
  • the ultrasound beacons 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M) may be configured to emit ultrasound pulses 46 , 46 (M) on the same carrier frequency or different, unique carrier frequencies depending on whether ultrasound pulses 46 , 46 (M) are emitted in sequence synchronization or in simultaneous emission synchronization.
  • the controller 150 is configured in this example to convert the recorded sound into a frequency domain by performing a Fourier transform on the recorded sound to produce a spectrum of the recorded sound (block 114 in FIG. 7A ).
  • the controller 150 may then be configured to filter the spectrum of recorded sound for the expected ultrasound beacon 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M) carrier frequency(ies) to recover the location information 50 of the ultrasound beacons 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M) and the ultrasound pulse 46 , 46 (M) arrival times (block 116 in FIG. 7A ). Out-of-band frequencies may be filtered out of the recorded sound since the microphone 152 will pick up other surrounding environmental noise, including ambient noise in the recorded sound (block 116 in FIG. 7A ).
  • the controller 150 of the client device 48 may then transform the spectrum of recorded sound back into the time domain via a reverse Fourier transform so that the recorded sound can be analyzed in the time domain for time difference-of-arrival (block 118 in FIG. 7A ).
  • the client device 48 can perform the exemplary process in FIG. 7B to process the filtered recorded sound to determine if location information 50 for the ultrasound beacons 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M) is present in the filtered recorded sound.
  • This processing example is shown assuming the location information 50 is encoded in the ultrasound pulses 46 , 46 (M) using FSK (Frequency Shift Key) encoding, but other encoding schemes could be employed, such as ASK (Amplitude Shift Keying), PSK (Phase Shift Keying), or other encoding schemes as non-limiting examples.
  • FSK Frequency Shift Key
  • the client device 48 checks to see if the filtered, recorded sound transmission contains ultrasound pulses or data at the expected carrier frequency(ies) of the ultrasound beacons 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M) (block 120 in FIG. 7B ). If not, an ultrasound beacon data valid flag can be cleared in memory 160 of the client device 48 indicating that data expected to contain location information 50 is not present in the filtered recorded sound (block 122 in FIG. 7B ). The process continues to check to see if the filtered recording sound transmission contains data expected to contain location information 50 (block 120 in FIG. 7B ). When data is detected in the filtered recorded sound (block 120 in FIG.
  • the client device 48 checks to see if the ultrasound beacon 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M) locations are already known from prior received filtered recorded sound from the ultrasound beacon 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M) by checking the ultrasound beacon data valid flag in memory 160 (block 124 in FIG. 7B ). If set, the process returns to block 138 in FIG. 7A to continue with time-difference-of-arrival analysis, since location information 50 has been previously received and stored in memory 160 for use in time-difference-of-arrival analysis.
  • the filtered recording sound is analyzed to recover the location information 50 for use by the client device 48 to perform time-difference-of-arrival analysis using a software zero crossing detector in this example, which outputs an array in memory 160 that indicates the pulse width of signal above zero and below zero (block 126 in FIG. 7B ).
  • this array indicative of pulse width of signal above zero and below zero can then be passed to a routine, that measures the pulse widths and builds a binary array that indicates if the ultrasound waveform period was representative of a one or zero when encoded (block 128 in FIG. 7B ).
  • This array is then passed to a routine that looks for a preamble (indicated by a stream of ones longer than a single transmitted byte) (block 130 in FIG. 7B ).
  • the binary data present after the preamble is the desired data, which is a series of ones and zeros in which there are two (2) entries for one (1) cycle of the encoded frequency burst in this example (block 132 in FIG. 7B ).
  • the widths of the binary data are measured, and the original encoded binary data is reconstituted (block 134 in FIG. 7B ).
  • This binary data has all framing bits removed, and is converted to ASCII (block 134 in FIG. 7B ).
  • the ultrasound beacon 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M) locations are determined from the data received, either directly (i.e. GPS coordinates were sent) or indirectly (i.e. a database key was sent, a lookup performed, and the coordinates are populated as the location information 50 , as non-limiting examples (block 136 in FIG. 7B ).
  • the controller 150 can then perform a time-difference-of-arrival analysis of the received ultrasound pulses 46 , 46 (M) from the filtered recorded sound in the time domain (block 138 in FIG. 7A ).
  • the controller 150 can determine its distance from the ultrasound beacons 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M) in which ultrasound pulses 46 , 46 (M) are received based on associating the time-difference in the arrival of the ultrasound pulses 46 , 46 (M) with particular pairs of ultrasound beacons 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M).
  • time-difference-of-arrival analysis provides the relative distance of the client device 48 from the ultrasound beacons 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M) in which ultrasound pulses 46 , 46 (M) are received.
  • the controller 150 of the client device 48 can then perform position multi-lateration calculations using the time-difference-of-arrival information from the received ultrasound pulses 46 , 46 (M) and the location information 50 of the ultrasound beacons 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M) to determine the relative location of the client device 48 to the ultrasound beacons 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M) (block 140 in FIG. 7A ).
  • This relative location can be determined if ultrasound pulses 46 , 46 (M) from at least two (2) ultrasound beacons 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M) are received by the client device 48 .
  • This relative location may be only relative to the location information 50 of the ultrasound beacons 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M) provided to the client device 48 .
  • Location information 50 from two ultrasound beacons 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M) can allow the client device 48 to determine a boundary of possible locations of the client device 48 .
  • Location information 50 from three (3) or more ultrasound beacons 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M) can allow the client device 48 to determine exact locations relative to the two ultrasound beacons 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M).
  • this relative location can be an absolute (i.e., non-relative) location (e.g., coordinates, also e.g., X, Y, and/or Z (i.e., longitude, latitude, and/or altitude) coordinates) if the location information 50 of the ultrasound beacons 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M) provided to the client device 48 are absolute locations.
  • absolute i.e., non-relative
  • the client device 48 can store its determined location in memory 160 and/or communicate this determined location to another device or network (block 142 in FIG. 7A ).
  • the client device 48 may include a RF transceiver 164 coupled to the controller 150 to process RF communication.
  • the RF transceiver 164 is coupled to a RF antenna 166 for RF wireless transmissions and receptions.
  • the client device 48 could transmit the determined location wirelessly in a RF communication through the RF transceiver 164 and RF antenna 166 to another device or network.
  • the client device 48 could wirelessly transmit the determined location to a remote unit 66 ( 1 )- 66 (N) in the distributed communication system 40 in FIG. 2 .
  • the client device 48 could use the distributed communication system 40 to also distribute its determined location.
  • the identification of the client device 48 may also be included in this RF communication.
  • the remote unit 66 ( 1 )- 66 (N) could distribute this determined location of the client device 48 as an uplink communication signal 56 U to the central unit 62 .
  • the determined location of the client device 48 could be stored in memory 150 of the central unit 62 , as illustrated in FIG. 9 .
  • the determined location of the client device 48 could also be communicated by the central unit 62 to a base station 58 and/or the network 60 .
  • the process can repeat by returning back to block 110 in FIG. 7A until the next recording is triggered by the controller 150 .
  • the ultrasound beacons 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M) are provided in the distributed communication system 40 apart from other components in the distributed communication system 40 .
  • the ultrasound beacons 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M) could be co-located and/or included in the other components and/or their housings in the distributed communication system 40 .
  • the ultrasound beacons 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M) are shown as being co-located and included in the remote units 66 ( 1 )- 66 (N).
  • the remote unit 66 ( 1 )- 66 (N) wireless RF communication through the RF antenna 68 coupled to a RF interface 152 ( 1 )- 152 (N) in the remote units 66 ( 1 )- 66 (N) to do so would not be necessary.
  • the ultrasound beacons 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M) could provide the determined location information of the client devices 48 to the remote unit 66 ( 1 )- 66 (N) over wired connections/interfaces.
  • the synchronization information 51 is provided through the remote units 66 ( 1 )- 66 (N) to the ultrasound beacons 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M), RF communication would not be necessary to provide the synchronization information 51 to the ultrasound beacons 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M).
  • the synchronization information 51 could be provided through wired connections/interfaces from the remote units 66 ( 1 )- 66 (N) to the ultrasound beacons 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M).
  • an ultrasound cluster 44 ′ includes only two ultrasound beacons 42 ( 1 ) & 42 ( 2 ).
  • This embodiment is particularly well suited for use in hallways within a building.
  • the received information 51 may include the reference clock signal and the ultrasound signals 46 ( 1 ) and 46 ( 2 ) are used by the client device 48 to calculate a first position as previously described. While this embodiment is well suited for use in corridors of buildings, ultrasound pulses are not likely to penetrate walls and enter rooms to either side of the corridor. Thus, the client device 48 needs some alternate method through which it may continue to calculate a current position.
  • the alternate method is through the use of an inertial navigation system (INS) such as INS 200 of the client device 48 illustrated in FIG. 8 .
  • the INS 200 includes an accelerometer 202 , a gyroscope 204 and a compass 206 .
  • Many conventional smart phones include these elements and/or comparable INS elements.
  • accelerometer 202 and one gyroscope 204 are illustrated, it should be appreciated that in some embodiments, a plurality of such devices may be present with orthogonal axes. Thus, in an exemplary embodiment, there may be three accelerometers 202 and three gyroscopes 204 .
  • the client device 48 initially determines or calculates its position using signals received from the ultrasound beacons 42 ( 1 ) and 42 ( 2 ) (block 212 ).
  • the position calculated from the ultrasound signals may be considered a first position.
  • the client device 48 may move within the building and will monitor to see if the received ultrasound signals exceed a predetermined threshold (block 214 ).
  • the predetermined threshold corresponds to a signal strength sufficient from which to extract meaningful data. If the answer to block 214 is yes, the signal strength remains above the threshold, and then the client device 48 calculates its position using the received ultrasounds signals from the ultrasound beacons 42 . If the client device 48 moves enough, it may be passed to a different ultrasound cluster 44 or different ultrasound beacons 42 .
  • the client device 48 begins using the INS 200 to calculate a second position (block 216 ) using the first position from the ultrasound beacons 42 as a starting point.
  • a second position (block 216 ) using the first position from the ultrasound beacons 42 as a starting point.
  • Use of an INS 200 is well understood as evidenced by the work of D. H. Titterton and J. Weston in Strapdown Inertial Navigation Technology , published by American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Second Edition, 2004. If at a subsequent time, the client device 48 begins receiving ultrasound signals above the predefined threshold, then the client device may return to block 212 and calculate a current position using the ultrasound signals. Otherwise, the client device 48 continues to use the INS 200 to determine its current position.
  • the ultrasound techniques of the present disclosure are used to assist other location based services (LBS) and systems supporting such LBS to pinpoint a location of a client device. That is, there are times when an LBS may not be able to pinpoint a location of a client device with sufficiently fine resolution.
  • LBS location based services
  • FIGS. 12 and 13 respectively illustrate a schematic diagram and a flow chart of such ultrasound assistance in a location determination system 250 .
  • the location determination system 250 may include a central unit 62 with a distributed communication system formed by remote units 66 , which may include WLAN communication elements including location based services systems for WLAN systems such as those used in infrared, ZIGBEE, BLUETOOTH, cellular location elements, or comparable systems.
  • the distributed communication system may include ultrasound beacons 42 ( 1 )- 42 (N).
  • the ultrasound beacons 42 may be in direct communication with the location determination system 250 (illustrated) or a separate system (not illustrated) as desired. It should be appreciated that the structure of the building in which the location determination system 250 is installed may create spots where the location determination elements of the WLAN components are inadequate to ascertain a location of a client device with sufficient particularity.
  • the ultrasound elements may be used to provide supplementary location information and the client device may use whichever system provides a better location resolution as desired and as further explicated with reference to FIG. 13 .
  • FIG. 13 provides a flow chart 300 , which begins by ascertaining whether the signal strength of the ultrasound signals from the ultrasound beacons 42 is above a predefined threshold (block 302 ). If the answer is yes, the signal strength of the ultrasound signals is above the predefined threshold, and then the client device 48 may calculate its position using the ultrasound beacons (block 304 ). Additionally, the client device 48 reports its current position to the central unit 62 through the remote units 66 as appropriate and/or as available.
  • the client device 48 may calculate its position using the signals from the WLAN elements such as remote units 66 (block 306 ). The client device 48 may monitor both the signals from the remote units 66 and the ultrasound beacons 42 to ascertain whether a position can be refined using the ultrasound signals (block 308 ). If the position can be refined, then the position is refined using the ultrasound signals (block 310 ). Again, this refined position may be reported to the system through the remote units 66 as desired. If the position cannot be refined, the process repeats as indicated. In essence, the embodiment of FIGS.
  • the ultrasound system may replace checkpoint based RFID systems that are sometimes installed when room level accuracy is required.
  • the ultrasound beacons 42 ( 1 )- 42 (B), 42 (M) and client devices 48 execute instructions from a computer-readable medium (i.e., instructions in memory).
  • a computer-readable medium i.e., instructions in memory.
  • the term “computer-readable medium” should be taken to include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches and servers) that store the one or more sets of instructions.
  • the term “computer-readable medium” shall also be taken to include any medium that is capable of storing, encoding or carrying a set of instructions for execution by the processing device and that cause the processing device to perform any one or more of the methodologies of the embodiments disclosed herein.
  • the term “computer-readable medium” shall accordingly include solid-state memories, optical and magnetic medium, and carrier wave signals.
  • the embodiments disclosed herein include various steps.
  • the steps of the embodiments disclosed herein may be performed by hardware components or may be embodied in machine-executable instructions, which may be used to cause a general-purpose or special-purpose processor programmed with the instructions to perform the steps.
  • the steps may be performed by a combination of hardware and software.
  • the embodiments disclosed herein may be provided as a computer program product, or software, that may include a machine-readable medium (or computer-readable medium) having stored thereon instructions, which may be used to program a computer system (or other electronic devices) to perform a process according to the embodiments disclosed herein.
  • a machine-readable medium includes any mechanism for storing or transmitting information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer).
  • a machine-readable medium includes a machine-readable storage medium (e.g., read only memory (“ROM”), random access memory (“RAM”), magnetic disk storage medium, optical storage medium, flash memory devices, etc.), a machine-readable transmission medium (electrical, optical, acoustical or other form of propagated signals (e.g., carrier waves, infrared signals, digital signals, etc.)), etc.
  • ROM read only memory
  • RAM random access memory
  • magnetic disk storage medium magnetic disk storage medium
  • optical storage medium optical storage medium
  • flash memory devices etc.
  • a machine-readable transmission medium electrical, optical, acoustical or other form of propagated signals (e.g., carrier waves, infrared signals, digital signals, etc.)
  • the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithms described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, instructions stored in memory or in another computer-readable medium and executed by a processor or other processing device, or combinations of both.
  • the components of the distributed antenna systems described herein may be employed in any circuit, hardware component, integrated circuit (IC), or IC chip, as examples.
  • Memory disclosed herein may be any type and size of memory and may be configured to store any type of information desired. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps are described generally in terms of their functionality.
  • a controller may be a processor, which may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine.
  • a processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
  • RAM Random Access Memory
  • ROM Read Only Memory
  • EPROM Electrically Programmable ROM
  • EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM
  • registers a hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other known form of computer-readable medium.
  • An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor such that the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium.
  • the storage medium may be integral to the processor.
  • the processor and the storage medium may reside in an ASIC, which may reside in a remote station.
  • the processor and the storage medium may reside as discrete components in a remote station, base station, or server.
  • fiber optic cables and/or “optical fibers” include all types of single mode and multi-mode light waveguides, including one or more optical fibers that may be upcoated, colored, buffered, ribbonized and/or have other organizing or protective structure in a cable such as one or more tubes, strength members, jackets or the like.
  • the antenna arrangements may include any type of antenna desired, including but not limited to dipole, monopole, and slot antennas.
  • the distributed antenna systems disclosed herein could include any type or number of communication mediums, including but not limited to electrical conductors, optical fiber, and air (i.e., wireless transmission).
  • the systems may distribute and the antenna arrangements disclosed herein may be configured to transmit and receive any type of communication signals, including but not limited to RF communication signals and digital data communication signals, examples of which are described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/892,424, incorporated herein by reference.
  • Multiplexing such as WDM and/or FDM, may be employed in any of the distributed antenna systems described herein, such as according to the examples described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/892,424.

Abstract

Spatially located ultrasound beacons are provided in known locations within a distributed communication system. The ultrasound beacons are configured to emit ultrasound pulses that can be received by client devices in ultrasound communication range of the beacons. The client devices are configured to analyze the received ultrasound pulses from the beacons to determine their time-difference of arrival and as a result, their location(s) within the distributed communication system. The client devices comprise inertial navigation systems (INS) that calculate client device location as the client device moves, and when received ultrasound signals are below a predefined threshold.

Description

PRIORITY APPLICATION
This application is a continuation of International Application No. PCT/US13/43107 filed on May 29, 2013 which claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/652,575, filed on May 29, 2012, both applications being incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND
Field of the Disclosure
The technology of the disclosure relates to distributed communication systems, and in particular to providing devices, systems, and methods to allow determination of the location of client devices within distributed communication systems.
Technical Background
Wireless communication is rapidly growing, with ever-increasing demands for high-speed mobile data communication. “Wireless fidelity” or “WiFi” systems and wireless local area networks (WLANs) are now deployed in many different types of areas. Distributed antenna systems communicate with wireless devices called “clients,” “client devices,” or “wireless client devices,” which must reside within the wireless range or “cell coverage area,” to communicate with an access point device. Distributed antenna systems are particularly useful inside buildings or other indoor environments where client devices may not otherwise effectively receive radio frequency (RF) signals from a source.
Distributed antenna or distributed communication systems have RF antenna coverage areas, also referred to as “antenna coverage areas.” Antenna coverage areas can have a relatively short range—from a few meters up to twenty meters. Combining a number of access point devices creates an array of antenna coverage areas. Because the antenna coverage areas each cover small areas, there are typically only a few client devices per coverage area. This minimizes the amount of bandwidth shared among the wireless system users. Typical indoor distributed communication systems include a central or head-end unit communicatively coupled to a plurality of remote units that each provides an antenna coverage area. The remote units each include RF transceivers coupled to an antenna to transmit communication signals (e.g., RF, data) wirelessly. The remote units are coupled to the head-end station via communication media to receive downlink communication signals to be wirelessly transmitted over an antenna in the coverage area to client devices. The remote units also wirelessly receive uplink communication signals from client devices to be communicated to the head-end station.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an optical fiber-based distributed communication system 10. The system 10 is configured to create one or more antenna coverage areas for establishing communication with wireless client devices (sometimes referred to herein as mobile terminals) located in the RF range of the antenna coverage areas. The system 10 includes a central unit or head-end unit (HEU) 12, one or more remote antenna units (RAUs) 14 and an optical fiber link 16 that optically couples the HEU 12 to the RAU 14. The HEU 12 is configured to receive communication over downlink electrical RF signals 18D from a source or sources, such as a network or carrier, and provide such communication to the RAU 14. Such downlink communication signals are received through a conventional input, such as a downlink input. If multiple sources are present, there may be multiple downlink inputs. The HEU 12 is also configured to return communication received from the RAU 14, via uplink electrical RF signals 18U, back to the sources. The optical fiber link 16 includes at least one downlink optical fiber 16D to carry signals communicated from the HEU 12 to the RAU 14 and at least one uplink optical fiber 16U to carry signals communicated from the RAU 14 back to the HEU 12. An interface couples the HEU 12 to the optical fiber link 16. The interface may be a conventional interface configured to receive downlink communication signals and pass the downlink communication signals to the RAU 14 through the link 16.
The system 10 has an antenna coverage area 20 that can be substantially centered about the RAU 14. The antenna coverage area 20 of the RAU 14 forms an RF coverage area 22. The HEU 12 is adapted to perform any one of a number of Radio-over Fiber (RoF) applications, such as radio-frequency identification (RFID), WLAN communication, or cellular phone service. Shown within the antenna coverage area 20 is a client device 24 in the form of a mobile terminal as an example, which may be a cellular telephone, smart phone, tablet computer, or the like. The client device 24 can be any device that is capable of receiving RF communication signals. The client device 24 includes an antenna 26 (e.g., a bipole, monopole, bowtie, inverted F, a wireless card, or the like) adapted to receive and/or send electromagnetic RF signals.
The HEU 12 includes an electrical-to-optical (E/O) converter 28 to communicate the electrical RF signals over the downlink optical fiber 16D to the RAU 14, to in turn be communicated to the client device 24 in the antenna coverage area 20 formed by the RAU 14. The E/O converter 28 converts the downlink electrical RF signals 18D to downlink optical RF signals 30D to be communicated over the downlink optical fiber 16D. The RAU 14 includes an optical-to-electrical (O/E) converter 32 to convert received downlink optical RF signals 30D back to electrical signals to be communicated wirelessly through an antenna 34 of the RAU 14 to client devices 24 located in the antenna coverage area 20.
The antenna 34 receives wireless RF communication from client devices 24 and communicates electrical RF signals representing the wireless RF communication to an E/O converter 36 in the RAU 14. The E/O converter 36 converts the electrical RF signals into uplink optical RF signals 30U to be communicated over the uplink optical fiber 16U. An O/E converter 38 in the HEU 12 converts the uplink optical RF signals 30U into uplink electrical RF signals, which are then communicated as uplink electrical RF signals 18U back to a network.
As noted above, it may be desired to provide the distributed communication system 10 in FIG. 1 indoors, such as inside a building or other facility. Other services may be negatively affected or not possible due to the indoor environment. For example, it may be desired or required to provide localization services for the client devices 24, such as emergency 911 (E911) services. If a client device is located indoors, techniques such as global positioning services (GPS) may not be effective at providing or determining the location of the client device. Indoors, GPS signals are usually too weak to be received by client devices. Further, triangulation and/or trilateration techniques from the outside network may not be able to determine the location of client devices.
Other methods for determining location of client devices may be based on receiving wireless data signals transmitted by existing wireless data devices provided in wireless communication systems (e.g., cell phone network and/or WLAN access points). However, use of existing wireless data signals may only be accurate to down to a resolution of still a relatively large distance (e.g., ten meters) since the client devices may receive wireless data signals from wireless data devices not in close proximity to the client devices. Further, use of existing wireless data signals for localization may necessitate a greater density of RF communication devices than is required for data communication. Thus, determining location of client devices at lower resolution distances (e.g., less than ten (10) meters, floor level in a building, etc.) using wireless communication signals transmitted from existing wireless data devices may not be possible without providing additional, greater densities of these wireless data devices at greater cost and complexity.
SUMMARY OF THE DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Embodiments disclosed herein include ultrasound-based localization of client devices in distributed communication systems. Related devices, systems, and methods are also disclosed. In embodiments disclosed herein, a plurality of spatially located ultrasound beacons are provided in known locations within the distributed communication systems. Each of the spatially located ultrasound beacons is configured to emit ultrasound pulses that can be received by client devices in ultrasound communication range of the ultrasound beacons. The client devices are configured to analyze the received ultrasound pulses from the plurality of ultrasound beacons to determine their time-difference of arrivals at the client device. As a result, the client devices can determine their relative distance to ultrasound beacons in a distributed communication system. In certain embodiments, a master ultrasound beacon is provided that encodes location information in a second channel with emitted ultrasound pulses received by the client devices that can be used with the determined relative distance to determine location of the client device in the distributed communication system.
The distributed communication systems employing ultrasound beacons can facilitate the determining and/or providing of location information to client devices, including wireless client devices that may not otherwise be able to receive, for example, GPS information from GPS satellites. Providing location information to client devices inside a building or other location may make location-based services possible (e.g., emergency 911 (E911) services) for the client devices.
Use of ultrasound pulses by a client device to determine its location in a distributed communication system can provide greater resolution (e.g., sub-meter resolution) in location determination. Increased resolution results from the lower velocity of sound (as opposed to light or radio-frequency signals), which translates into lessened requirements for time resolution in ultrasound pulse measurements. Ultrasound waves experience strong attenuation in buildings walls, ceilings, and floors, thus the ultrasound beacons can be strategically placed to allow client devices to avoid detection of ultrasound waves from other ultrasound beacons not located in proximity to the client devices (e.g., on a different floor). Use of ultrasound pulses to facilitate location determination using time-difference of arrival can also avoid the need to synchronize the clock of the client device.
In one embodiment, an ultrasound beacon for facilitating client devices determining their location in a distributed communication system comprises a controller, and an ultrasound emitter coupled to the controller, the ultrasound emitter configured to emit ultrasound pulses over at least one speaker. The ultrasound beacon also comprises a radio-frequency (RF) receiver coupled to the controller, the RF receiver configured to receive RF synchronization signals comprising synchronization information. The controller is configured to synchronize an internal clock based on the received synchronization information, and to cause the ultrasound emitter to emit ultrasound pulses in synchronization based on the synchronization information with other ultrasound beacons among an ultrasound beacon cluster, to client devices located in the distributed communication system.
In another embodiment, a client device configured to communicate in a distributed communication system comprises a controller, and an ultrasound receiver coupled to the controller. The ultrasound receiver is configured to receive ultrasound pulses over at least one microphone. The client device also comprises a radio-frequency (RF) transceiver coupled to the controller, the RF transceiver configured to wirelessly receive and transmit RF communication signals over at least one antenna. The client device also comprises an inertial navigation system (INS) operatively coupled to the controller. The controller is configured to calculate a position using received ultrasound signals, and use the INS to calculate a second position from the first position when the received ultrasound signals are below a predefined threshold.
In another embodiment, a method of a RF communication client device configured to communicate in a distributed communication system determining location within the distributed communication systems is provided. The method comprise calculating a first position using ultrasound signals received at the client device and calculating a second position using an inertial navigation system within the client device when a signal strength of the ultrasounds signals falls below a predefined threshold.
Additional features and advantages will be set forth in the detailed description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from that description or recognized by practicing the embodiments as described herein, including the detailed description that follows, the claims, as well as the appended drawings.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description present embodiments, and are intended to provide an overview or framework for understanding the nature and character of the disclosure.
The drawings illustrate various exemplary embodiments, and together with the description serve to explain the principles and operation of the concepts disclosed.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary optical fiber-based distributed communication system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a distributed communication system employing a plurality of ultrasound beacons organized in ultrasound beacon clusters and configured to emit ultrasound pulses to be received by client devices to determine their location(s);
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a distributed communication system employing ultrasound beacon clusters in different floors of a building;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a process of an ultrasound beacon receiving radio-frequency (RF) signals including synchronization information used by ultrasound beacons to synchronize their internal clocks used to control ultrasound pulse emission;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an ultrasound beacon that can be employed in the distributed communication system in FIG. 2, wherein the ultrasound beacon may be a master ultrasound beacon or a non-master ultrasound beacon;
FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a process of an ultrasound beacon emitting ultrasound pulses to be received by client devices, which can be used by the client devices to determine their location in a distributed communication system;
FIGS. 7A and 7B are flowcharts illustrating a process of a client device receiving ultrasound pulses from ultrasound beacons and the client devices using the time-difference-of-arrival of the received ultrasound pulses to device determine location;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a client device configured with an ultrasound receiver configured to receive ultrasound pulses and/or location information encoded in ultrasound pulses emitted by ultrasound beacons in a distributed communication system;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating ultrasound beacons, which may be the exemplary ultrasound beacon in FIG. 4, included in remote units in a distributed communication system, which may be the system in FIG. 2;
FIG. 10 illustrates an ultrasound cluster with only two ultrasound beacons according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating alternate position calculation procedures;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of an alternate distributed communication system having a supplementary ultrasound system; and
FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating an alternate embodiment of position calculation procedures for a system using a supplementary ultrasound system.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Embodiments disclosed herein include ultrasound-based localization of client devices in distributed communication systems, and elated devices, systems, and methods. Ultrasound is sound at one or more wave frequencies higher than what humans can hear. The upper frequency limit of human hearing is different for different individuals and decreases with increasing age. For example, the lower limit of ultrasound wave frequencies may be approximately 16 KHz or 20 KHz. Ultrasound pulses are bursts of ultrasound waves. Client devices are configured to analyze the received ultrasound pulses from the plurality of ultrasound beacons to determine their time-difference of arrivals at the client device. As a result, the client devices can determine their relative distance to ultrasound beacons in a distributed communication system. In certain embodiments, a master ultrasound beacon is provided that encodes location information in a second channel with emitted ultrasound pulses received by the client devices that can be used with the determined relative distance to determine location of the client device in the distributed communication system. The client devices may comprise inertial navigation systems (INS) that calculate client device location as the client device moves, and when received ultrasound signals are below a predefined threshold.
In this regard, FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary distributed communication system 40 employing a plurality of ultrasound beacons 42 organized in ultrasound beacon clusters 44. The ultrasound beacons 42 are configured to emit ultrasound pulses 46 to be received by client devices 48 in the distributed communication system 40. The distributed communication system 40 may be provided indoors in a building or other structure where it is difficult or impossible for the client device 48 to receive global positioning system (GPS) signals to determine location. In this example, a plurality of ultrasound beacon clusters 44(1)-44(A) are provided, wherein ‘A’ can be any positive whole integer. Each ultrasound beacon cluster 44(1)-44(A) includes a plurality of non-master ultrasound beacons 42(1)-42(B) and one master ultrasound beacon 42(M) in this example, wherein ‘B’ can be any positive whole integer.
With continuing reference to FIG. 2 and as will be discussed in more detail below, the master ultrasound beacons 42(M) are configured to encode as location information 50, their location and the location of the other ultrasound beacons 42(1)-42(B) in their ultrasound beacon cluster 44 with the ultrasound pulses 46(M) emitted to the client devices 48. The client devices 48 receive ultrasound pulses 46 from other ultrasound beacons 42(1)-42(B). The client devices 48, equipped with a microphone to detect the ultrasound pulses 46 and other components, are configured to determine their location using the received location information 50 and determining the time-difference-of-arrival between the different received ultrasound pulses 46, 46(M). The client devices 48 use time-difference-of-arrival analysis to determine their location relative to the master ultrasound beacon 42(M) and the non-master ultrasound beacons 42(1)-42(B) in the distributed communication system 40. The determined location of the client devices 48 can be provided to another device or network for any purpose desired.
With continuing reference to FIG. 2 and as will also be discussed in more detail below, the ultrasound beacons 42(1)-42(B), 42(M) are also capable of receiving synchronization information 51 over received communication signals or synchronization signals, which are RF synchronization signals 53 in this example. The synchronization signals could be provided by other communication methods or mediums. For example, the synchronization signals could be provided as described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,175,649 entitled METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR REAL TIME CONTROL OF AN ACTIVE ANTENNA OVER A DISTRIBUTED ANTENNA SYSTEM, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. In this example, the RF synchronization signals 53 can be distributed by the remote units 66(1)-66(N) in the distributed communication system 40 to the ultrasound beacons 42(1)-42(B), 42(M) as one convenient method. Regardless of the distribution method of the RF synchronization signals 53, the synchronization information 51 is used by the ultrasound beacons 42(1)-42(B), 42(M) to synchronize their internal clocks used to control emission of the ultrasound pulses 46, 46(M). In this manner, the client devices 48 can distinguish between ultrasound pulses 46, 46(M) received from different ultrasound beacons 42(1)-42(B), 42(M) to analyze their time-difference-of-arrivals to determine location. By synchronizing the ultrasound beacons 42(1)-42(B), 42(M), the client devices 48 do not have to be synchronized with the ultrasound beacons 42(1)-42(B), 42(M).
With continuing reference to FIG. 2, note that different numbers of ultrasound beacons 42 can be provided in different ultrasound beacon clusters 44(1)-44(A) as long as at least one master ultrasound beacon 42(M) and a plurality of other non-master ultrasound beacons 42(1)-42(B) are provided in each ultrasound beacon cluster 44(1)-44(A). The ultrasound beacon clusters 44(1)-44(A) may be arranged in the distributed communication system 40 such that a client device 48 can receive ultrasound pulses 46 only from ultrasound beacons 42 in one ultrasound beacon cluster 44(1)-44(A) for a given location of the client device 48. This limitation can be provided as range limitations by placement of the ultrasound beacon clusters 44(1)-44(A) with respect to each other and/or differences in carrier frequencies as non-limiting examples. In this manner, the client device 48 does not receive ultrasound pulses 46 from two different ultrasound beacon clusters 44(1)-44(A) that cannot be compared in a time-difference-of-arrival analysis for a given location of the client device 48. Also, the client device 48 would not receive location information 50 from multiple master ultrasound beacons 42(M) in a given location of the client device 48.
For example, as illustrated in FIG. 3, the distributed communication system 40 may be provided in a building infrastructure 52. The ultrasound beacon clusters 44(1)-44(A) may be on each floor of a building infrastructure 52. For example, the ultrasound beacon cluster 44(1) may be provided on a first floor 54(1) of the building infrastructure 52. The ultrasound beacon cluster 44(2) may be provided on a second floor 54(2) of the building infrastructure 52. The ultrasound beacon cluster 44(3) may be provided on the third floor 54(1) of the building infrastructure 52.
With reference to FIGS. 2 and 3, the ultrasound beacon clusters 44(1)-44(A) are configured to be provided in the distributed communication system 40 that is also configured to downlink and uplink distributed communication signals 56D, 56U from base stations 58 and/or a network 60 to and from the client device 48. In this regard, a central unit 62 is provided that is configured to receive downlink communication signals 56D from the base stations(s) 58 and/or the network 60 for distribution of a communication media 64 to one or more remote units 66(1)-66(N). The remote units 66(1)-66(N) include at least one RF antenna 68(1), 68(2) configured to radiate the downlink communication signals 56D to the client devices 48. Multiple RF antennas 68(1), 68(2) may be provided for multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) communication. The remote units 66(1)-66(N) are also configured to receive uplink communication signals 56U from the client devices 48 to be distributed over the communication media 64 to the central unit 62 to be provided to the base station(s) 58 and/or the network 60.
With continuing references to FIGS. 2 and 3, the communication media 64 in the distributed communication system 40 could be one or a plurality of communication medium, and/or any of different types. For example, the communication media 64 may be electrical conductors, such as twisted-pair wiring or coaxial cable. Frequency division multiplexing (FDM) or time division multiplexing (TDM) can be employed to provide the downlink and uplink communication signals 56D, 56U between the central unit 62 and the remote units 66(1)-66(N). Alternatively, separate, dedicated communication media 64 may be provided between the central unit 62 and the remote units 66(1)-66(N). Further, the downlink and uplink communication signals 56D, 56U could include digital data signals and/or RF communication signals.
Examples of digital data services provided with digital data signals include, but are not limited to, Ethernet, WLAN, WiMax, WiFi, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), and LTE, etc. Ethernet standards could be supported, including but not limited to 100 Megabits per second (Mbs) (i.e., fast Ethernet) or Gigabit (Gb) Ethernet, or ten Gigabit (10G) Ethernet. Examples of RF communication services provided with RF communication signals include, but are not limited to, US FCC and Industry Canada frequencies (824-849 MHz on uplink and 869-894 MHz on downlink), US FCC and Industry Canada frequencies (1850-1915 MHz on uplink and 1930-1995 MHz on downlink), US FCC and Industry Canada frequencies (1710-1755 MHz on uplink and 2110-2155 MHz on downlink), US FCC frequencies (698-716 MHz and 776-787 MHz on uplink and 728-746 MHz on downlink), EU R & TTE frequencies (880-915 MHz on uplink and 925-960 MHz on downlink), EU R & TTE frequencies (1710-1785 MHz on uplink and 1805-1880 MHz on downlink), EU R & TTE frequencies (1920-1980 MHz on uplink and 2110-2170 MHz on downlink), US FCC frequencies (806-824 MHz on uplink and 851-869 MHz on downlink), US FCC frequencies (896-901 MHz on uplink and 929-941 MHz on downlink), US FCC frequencies (793-805 MHz on uplink and 763-775 MHz on downlink), and US FCC frequencies (2495-2690 MHz on uplink and downlink), and medical telemetry frequencies.
As discussed above with regard to distributed communication system 40 in FIG. 2 the ultrasound beacons 42(1)-42(B), 42(M) are synchronized. This is opposed to having to synchronize the client devices 48 to the ultrasound beacons 42(1)-42(B), 42(M). The ultrasound beacons 42(1)-42(B), 42(M) are synchronized to each other so that the ultrasound pulses 46, 46(M) are emitted by the ultrasound beacons 42(1)-42(B), 42(M) in synchronization to the client devices 48. In this manner, the client devices 48 can distinguish between ultrasound pulses 46, 46(M) received from different ultrasound beacons 42(1)-42(B), 42(M) to analyze their time-difference-of-arrivals to determine location. In this regard, FIG. 4 provides a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process of an ultrasound beacon 42(1)-42(B), 42(M) receiving RF synchronization signals 53 including synchronization information 51. The synchronization information 51 is used by the ultrasound beacons 42(1)-42(B), 42(M) to synchronize their internal clocks used to synchronize ultrasound pulse 46, 46(M) emission. Alternatively, the synchronization information 51 may be a central clock signal that is received by all ultrasound beacons 42(1)-42(B), 42(M) and used to synchronize ultrasound pulse 46, 46(M) emission.
With reference to FIG. 4, a controller 80 of the ultrasound beacon 42(1)-42(B), 42(M), which is schematically illustrated by example in FIG. 5 determines if a RF synchronization signal 53 having encoded synchronization information 51 has been received (block 70 in FIG. 4). As illustrated in FIG. 5, the ultrasound beacon 42(1)-42(B), 42(M) includes an RF antenna 82 coupled to a RF receiver 84. The RF antenna 82 is configured to receive the RF synchronization signal 53 having the encoded synchronization information 51. For example, the RF synchronization signal 53 may be communicated using a radio frequency identification (RFID), Zigbee, or Dash7 protocol, as non-limiting examples. The RF antenna 82 is coupled to the RF receiver 84, which is configured to provide the encoded synchronization information 51 to the controller 80. The controller 80 is coupled to memory 86 that includes instruction store 88 and data store 90. The instruction store 88 contains instructions executed by the controller 80 to control the operations of the ultrasound beacon 42(1)-42(B), 42(M). The data store 90 allows the synchronization information 51 to be stored as well as other data, such as an identification indicia of the ultrasound beacon 42(1)-42(B), 42(M), as examples.
With continuing reference to FIG. 4, the controller 80 can filter the RF synchronization signal 53 for the encoded synchronization information 51 (block 72 in FIG. 4). The controller 80 can then use the synchronization information 51 to synchronize an internal clock 92 in the ultrasound beacon 42(1)-42(B), 42(M), as illustrated in FIG. 5 (block 74 in FIG. 4). The internal clock 92 emits a clock signal 94 that is used by controller 80 to control the emission of ultrasound pulses 46, 46(M). The controller 80 is coupled to an ultrasound emitter 96 that is configured to emit the ultrasound pulses 46, 46(M). The ultrasound emitter 96 is coupled to at least one speaker 98 that emits the ultrasound pulses 46, 46(M) as sound that can be received and recorded by the client devices 48 to perform time-difference-of-arrival analysis to determine the location of the client device 48 in the distributed communication system 40.
As one non-limiting synchronization example, the synchronization information 51 may be used by the ultrasound beacons 42(1)-42(B), 42(M) to emit ultrasound pulses 46, 46(M) in sequence. The sequence of ultrasound pulses 46, 46(M) arriving at a client device 48 is the same as the emission sequence and temporal overlap of ultrasound pulses 46, 46(M) is avoided. In this manner, there is sufficient separation in the received ultrasound pulses 46, 46(M) for the client device 48 to be able to distinguish the receipt of the ultrasound pulses 46, 46(M) as being emitted from particular ultrasound beacons 42(1)-42(B), 42(M). The client device 48 can determine its location by subtracting timing offsets from the ultrasound pulse 46, 46(M) arrival times to determine the relevant propagation-induced time-difference-of-arrival.
The ultrasound pulse 46, 46(M) emission time offsets may be configured based on the synchronization information 51 to be larger than the maximum propagation time possible. The maximum propagation time possible depends on size in which an ultrasound beacon cluster 44(1)-44(A) is disposed and the speed of sound at approximately 330 meters per second (m/s) (i.e., about 1 foot per millisecond (ms)). For example, the ultrasound beacons 42(1)-42(B), 42(M) may be configured to emit ultrasound pulses 46, 46(M) in approximately one millisecond (1 ms) durations to minimize or eliminate temporal overlap.
As another non-limiting synchronization example, the ultrasound pulses 46, 46(M) could be emitted by different ultrasound beacons 42(1)-42(B), 42(M) simultaneously or substantially simultaneously with the different ultrasound beacons 42(1)-42(B), 42(M) emitting ultrasound pulses 46, 46(M) at different carrier frequencies. Temporal overlap of received ultrasound pulses 46, 46(M) by the client devices 48 can be tolerated since the ultrasound pulses 46, 46(M) are separated in the frequency domain. The client devices 48 can distinguish which ultrasound beacons 42(1)-42(B), 44(M) emitted which ultrasound pulses 46, 46(M) in a spectral analysis of the received ultrasound pulses 46, 46(M).
As another non-limiting synchronization example, the ultrasound pulses 46, 46(M) could be emitted by different ultrasound beacons 42(1)-42(B), 42(M) and at different carrier frequencies. In this manner the sequence of ultrasound pulses 46, 46(M) arriving at a client device 48 is the same as the emission sequence and temporal overlap of ultrasound pulses 46, 46(M) is avoided. The client devices 48 can also distinguish which ultrasound beacons 42(1)-42(B), 42(M) emitted which ultrasound pulses 46, 46(M) in a spectral analysis of the received ultrasound pulses 46, 46(M). This example may be particular useful for larger rooms or areas requiring a larger number of ultrasound beacons 42(1)-42(B), 42(M) to unambiguously associate ultrasound pulses 46, 46(M) as being emitted by particular ultrasound beacons 42(1)-42(B), 42(M).
In this regard, FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process of an ultrasound beacon 42(1)-42(B), 42(M) emitting ultrasound pulses 46, 46(M) to be received by the client devices 48 to determine their location. As discussed above, the master ultrasound beacon 42(M) is configured to encode location information 50 of all the ultrasound beacons 42(1)-42(B), 42(M) in ultrasound pulses 46(M) emitted by the master ultrasound beacon 42(M) to the client devices 48. For example, the location information 50 could be enclosed in a coding scheme, such as frequency-shift-keying (FSK) for example, or other coding schemes, using the ultrasound pulses 46(M) as an over-the-air interface. Thus, if the ultrasound beacon 42(1)-42(B), 42(M) is a master ultrasound beacon 42(M) (block 100 in FIG. 6), the master ultrasound beacon 42(M) determines if it is time to encode the location information 50 in ultrasound pulses 46(M) to be emitted to the client devices 48 (block 102 in FIG. 6). It may only be desired to periodically, and less often than normal emission of ultrasound pulses 46(M) for time-difference-of-arrival analysis, emit ultrasound pulses 46(M) encoded with the location information 50 to the client devices 48. Alternatively, periodically in this context could mean as often as the ultrasound pulses 46(M) are emitted by the master ultrasound beacon 42(M) for time-difference-of-arrival analysis.
With continuing reference to FIG. 6, if it is time to encode the location information 50 in ultrasound pulses 46(M) to be emitted to the client devices 48 (block 102 in FIG. 6), the controller 80 of the master ultrasound beacon 42(M) causes the ultrasound emitter 96 in FIG. 5 to emit ultrasound pulses 46(M) with encoded location information 50 of the location of the ultrasound beacons 42(1)-42(B), 42(M) in the ultrasound beacon cluster 44 to the client devices 48 (block 104 in FIG. 6). Thereafter, regardless of whether the ultrasound beacon 42 is a master ultrasound beacon 42(M) or a non-master ultrasound beacon 42(1)-42(B), the controller 80 of the ultrasound beacon 42(1)-42(B), 42(M) controls emission of the ultrasound pulses 46(M) to be in synchronization with other ultrasound beacons 42(1)-42(B), 42(M) to the client devices 48 (block 106 in FIG. 6). The synchronization methods employed by the controller 80 can include any of the synchronization techniques previously described above to allow the client devices 48 to distinguish between which particular ultrasound beacons 42(1)-42(B), 42(M) the received ultrasound pulses 46, 46(M) were emitted. The controller 80 may delay the emission of the next ultrasound pulses 46, 46(M) by the ultrasound emitter 96 next depending on the synchronization method employed (block 108 in FIG. 6).
FIGS. 7A and 7B are flowcharts illustrating an exemplary process of the client device 48 receiving ultrasound pulses 46, 46(M) from ultrasound beacons 42(1)-42(B), 42(M) and using the time-difference-of-arrival of the received ultrasound pulses 46, 46(M) to determine location. FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary client device 48 discussed in conjunction with FIGS. 7A and 7B. With reference to FIG. 7A, a controller 150 of the client device 48 (FIG. 8) determines if it is time to record sound received by a microphone 152 coupled to an ultrasound receiver 154 to receive ultrasound pulses 46, 46(M) (block 110 in FIG. 7A). It may be desired for the controller 150 of the client device 48 to only determine location at particular times to conserve power or processing capability of the controller 150. It may also be desired of the controller 150 of the client device 48 to only record sound to receive ultrasound pulses 46, 46(M) when directed by a user through input 158 on a user interface 156 provided in the client device 48.
With continuing reference to FIG. 7A, if it is not time to record sound to receive ultrasound pulses 46, 46(M), the controller 150 continues to make this determination (block 110 in FIG. 7A) until it is time to record sound received by a microphone 152 coupled to an ultrasound receiver 154. When it is time to record sound, the controller 150 directs the ultrasound receiver 154 to receive sound received by the microphone 152 and record the sound in memory 160 for a defined period of time (block 112 in FIG. 7A). The memory 160 also contains the instructions that are executed by the controller 150 to perform the location determination operations discussed herein in this example. For example, these instructions may be provide in a location applet 162 stored in memory 160.
With continuing reference to FIG. 7A, the ultrasound pulses 46, 46(M) are communicated by the ultrasound beacons 42(1)-42(B), 42(M) at one or more carrier frequencies. As discussed above, the ultrasound beacons 42(1)-42(B), 42(M) may be configured to emit ultrasound pulses 46, 46(M) on the same carrier frequency or different, unique carrier frequencies depending on whether ultrasound pulses 46, 46(M) are emitted in sequence synchronization or in simultaneous emission synchronization. Thus, the controller 150 is configured in this example to convert the recorded sound into a frequency domain by performing a Fourier transform on the recorded sound to produce a spectrum of the recorded sound (block 114 in FIG. 7A). The controller 150 may then be configured to filter the spectrum of recorded sound for the expected ultrasound beacon 42(1)-42(B), 42(M) carrier frequency(ies) to recover the location information 50 of the ultrasound beacons 42(1)-42(B), 42(M) and the ultrasound pulse 46, 46(M) arrival times (block 116 in FIG. 7A). Out-of-band frequencies may be filtered out of the recorded sound since the microphone 152 will pick up other surrounding environmental noise, including ambient noise in the recorded sound (block 116 in FIG. 7A).
With continuing reference to FIG. 7A, the controller 150 of the client device 48 may then transform the spectrum of recorded sound back into the time domain via a reverse Fourier transform so that the recorded sound can be analyzed in the time domain for time difference-of-arrival (block 118 in FIG. 7A). In this regard, the client device 48 can perform the exemplary process in FIG. 7B to process the filtered recorded sound to determine if location information 50 for the ultrasound beacons 42(1)-42(B), 42(M) is present in the filtered recorded sound. This processing example is shown assuming the location information 50 is encoded in the ultrasound pulses 46, 46(M) using FSK (Frequency Shift Key) encoding, but other encoding schemes could be employed, such as ASK (Amplitude Shift Keying), PSK (Phase Shift Keying), or other encoding schemes as non-limiting examples.
In this regard, as a non-limiting example, the client device 48 checks to see if the filtered, recorded sound transmission contains ultrasound pulses or data at the expected carrier frequency(ies) of the ultrasound beacons 42(1)-42(B), 42(M) (block 120 in FIG. 7B). If not, an ultrasound beacon data valid flag can be cleared in memory 160 of the client device 48 indicating that data expected to contain location information 50 is not present in the filtered recorded sound (block 122 in FIG. 7B). The process continues to check to see if the filtered recording sound transmission contains data expected to contain location information 50 (block 120 in FIG. 7B). When data is detected in the filtered recorded sound (block 120 in FIG. 7B), the client device 48 checks to see if the ultrasound beacon 42(1)-42(B), 42(M) locations are already known from prior received filtered recorded sound from the ultrasound beacon 42(1)-42(B), 42(M) by checking the ultrasound beacon data valid flag in memory 160 (block 124 in FIG. 7B). If set, the process returns to block 138 in FIG. 7A to continue with time-difference-of-arrival analysis, since location information 50 has been previously received and stored in memory 160 for use in time-difference-of-arrival analysis. If not set, the filtered recording sound is analyzed to recover the location information 50 for use by the client device 48 to perform time-difference-of-arrival analysis using a software zero crossing detector in this example, which outputs an array in memory 160 that indicates the pulse width of signal above zero and below zero (block 126 in FIG. 7B).
In this regard, with continuing reference to FIG. 7B, this array indicative of pulse width of signal above zero and below zero can then be passed to a routine, that measures the pulse widths and builds a binary array that indicates if the ultrasound waveform period was representative of a one or zero when encoded (block 128 in FIG. 7B). This array is then passed to a routine that looks for a preamble (indicated by a stream of ones longer than a single transmitted byte) (block 130 in FIG. 7B). The binary data present after the preamble is the desired data, which is a series of ones and zeros in which there are two (2) entries for one (1) cycle of the encoded frequency burst in this example (block 132 in FIG. 7B). The widths of the binary data are measured, and the original encoded binary data is reconstituted (block 134 in FIG. 7B). This binary data has all framing bits removed, and is converted to ASCII (block 134 in FIG. 7B). The ultrasound beacon 42(1)-42(B), 42(M) locations are determined from the data received, either directly (i.e. GPS coordinates were sent) or indirectly (i.e. a database key was sent, a lookup performed, and the coordinates are populated as the location information 50, as non-limiting examples (block 136 in FIG. 7B).
With reference back to FIG. 7A, with location information 50 obtained from ultrasound beacons 42(1)-42(B), 42(M), the controller 150 can then perform a time-difference-of-arrival analysis of the received ultrasound pulses 46, 46(M) from the filtered recorded sound in the time domain (block 138 in FIG. 7A). The controller 150 can determine its distance from the ultrasound beacons 42(1)-42(B), 42(M) in which ultrasound pulses 46, 46(M) are received based on associating the time-difference in the arrival of the ultrasound pulses 46, 46(M) with particular pairs of ultrasound beacons 42(1)-42(B), 42(M). Examples of time-difference-of-arrival analysis can be found in K. C. Ho and Y. T. Chan, IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol. 29, No. 4, October 1993, pp. 1311-1322, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. This time-difference-of-arrival analysis provides the relative distance of the client device 48 from the ultrasound beacons 42(1)-42(B), 42(M) in which ultrasound pulses 46, 46(M) are received. The controller 150 of the client device 48 can then perform position multi-lateration calculations using the time-difference-of-arrival information from the received ultrasound pulses 46, 46(M) and the location information 50 of the ultrasound beacons 42(1)-42(B), 42(M) to determine the relative location of the client device 48 to the ultrasound beacons 42(1)-42(B), 42(M) (block 140 in FIG. 7A). This relative location can be determined if ultrasound pulses 46, 46(M) from at least two (2) ultrasound beacons 42(1)-42(B), 42(M) are received by the client device 48. This relative location may be only relative to the location information 50 of the ultrasound beacons 42(1)-42(B), 42(M) provided to the client device 48. Location information 50 from two ultrasound beacons 42(1)-42(B), 42(M) can allow the client device 48 to determine a boundary of possible locations of the client device 48. Location information 50 from three (3) or more ultrasound beacons 42(1)-42(B), 42(M) can allow the client device 48 to determine exact locations relative to the two ultrasound beacons 42(1)-42(B), 42(M). As a non-limiting example, this relative location can be an absolute (i.e., non-relative) location (e.g., coordinates, also e.g., X, Y, and/or Z (i.e., longitude, latitude, and/or altitude) coordinates) if the location information 50 of the ultrasound beacons 42(1)-42(B), 42(M) provided to the client device 48 are absolute locations.
With continuing reference to FIG. 7A, the client device 48 can store its determined location in memory 160 and/or communicate this determined location to another device or network (block 142 in FIG. 7A). For example, as illustrated in FIG. 8, the client device 48 may include a RF transceiver 164 coupled to the controller 150 to process RF communication. The RF transceiver 164 is coupled to a RF antenna 166 for RF wireless transmissions and receptions. As a non-limiting example, the client device 48 could transmit the determined location wirelessly in a RF communication through the RF transceiver 164 and RF antenna 166 to another device or network. For example, the client device 48 could wirelessly transmit the determined location to a remote unit 66(1)-66(N) in the distributed communication system 40 in FIG. 2. Thus, the client device 48 could use the distributed communication system 40 to also distribute its determined location. The identification of the client device 48 may also be included in this RF communication. The remote unit 66(1)-66(N) could distribute this determined location of the client device 48 as an uplink communication signal 56U to the central unit 62. The determined location of the client device 48 could be stored in memory 150 of the central unit 62, as illustrated in FIG. 9. The determined location of the client device 48 could also be communicated by the central unit 62 to a base station 58 and/or the network 60. The process can repeat by returning back to block 110 in FIG. 7A until the next recording is triggered by the controller 150.
As discussed above and illustrated in FIG. 2, the ultrasound beacons 42(1)-42(B), 42(M) are provided in the distributed communication system 40 apart from other components in the distributed communication system 40. However, the ultrasound beacons 42(1)-42(B), 42(M) could be co-located and/or included in the other components and/or their housings in the distributed communication system 40. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 9, the ultrasound beacons 42(1)-42(B), 42(M) are shown as being co-located and included in the remote units 66(1)-66(N). In this manner, if the determined locations of the client devices 48 are provided to the remote unit 66(1)-66(N), wireless RF communication through the RF antenna 68 coupled to a RF interface 152(1)-152(N) in the remote units 66(1)-66(N) to do so would not be necessary. The ultrasound beacons 42(1)-42(B), 42(M) could provide the determined location information of the client devices 48 to the remote unit 66(1)-66(N) over wired connections/interfaces. Further, in this arrangement, if the synchronization information 51 is provided through the remote units 66(1)-66(N) to the ultrasound beacons 42(1)-42(B), 42(M), RF communication would not be necessary to provide the synchronization information 51 to the ultrasound beacons 42(1)-42(B), 42(M). The synchronization information 51 could be provided through wired connections/interfaces from the remote units 66(1)-66(N) to the ultrasound beacons 42(1)-42(B), 42(M).
In an exemplary embodiment, better illustrated in FIG. 10 an ultrasound cluster 44′ includes only two ultrasound beacons 42(1) & 42(2). This embodiment is particularly well suited for use in hallways within a building. The received information 51 may include the reference clock signal and the ultrasound signals 46(1) and 46(2) are used by the client device 48 to calculate a first position as previously described. While this embodiment is well suited for use in corridors of buildings, ultrasound pulses are not likely to penetrate walls and enter rooms to either side of the corridor. Thus, the client device 48 needs some alternate method through which it may continue to calculate a current position.
In one embodiment, the alternate method is through the use of an inertial navigation system (INS) such as INS 200 of the client device 48 illustrated in FIG. 8. In an exemplary embodiment, the INS 200 includes an accelerometer 202, a gyroscope 204 and a compass 206. Many conventional smart phones include these elements and/or comparable INS elements. Additionally, while only one accelerometer 202 and one gyroscope 204 are illustrated, it should be appreciated that in some embodiments, a plurality of such devices may be present with orthogonal axes. Thus, in an exemplary embodiment, there may be three accelerometers 202 and three gyroscopes 204.
An exemplary methodology 210 for using the INS 200 is provided with reference to FIG. 11. The client device 48 initially determines or calculates its position using signals received from the ultrasound beacons 42(1) and 42(2) (block 212). The position calculated from the ultrasound signals may be considered a first position. The client device 48 may move within the building and will monitor to see if the received ultrasound signals exceed a predetermined threshold (block 214). The predetermined threshold corresponds to a signal strength sufficient from which to extract meaningful data. If the answer to block 214 is yes, the signal strength remains above the threshold, and then the client device 48 calculates its position using the received ultrasounds signals from the ultrasound beacons 42. If the client device 48 moves enough, it may be passed to a different ultrasound cluster 44 or different ultrasound beacons 42.
If the answer to block 214 is no, the ultrasound signal strength has fallen below a predefined threshold, then the client device 48 begins using the INS 200 to calculate a second position (block 216) using the first position from the ultrasound beacons 42 as a starting point. Use of an INS 200 is well understood as evidenced by the work of D. H. Titterton and J. Weston in Strapdown Inertial Navigation Technology, published by American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Second Edition, 2004. If at a subsequent time, the client device 48 begins receiving ultrasound signals above the predefined threshold, then the client device may return to block 212 and calculate a current position using the ultrasound signals. Otherwise, the client device 48 continues to use the INS 200 to determine its current position.
In an alternate embodiment, the ultrasound techniques of the present disclosure are used to assist other location based services (LBS) and systems supporting such LBS to pinpoint a location of a client device. That is, there are times when an LBS may not be able to pinpoint a location of a client device with sufficiently fine resolution. Thus, an ultrasound system may be concurrently deployed to supplement the location determination. In this regard, FIGS. 12 and 13 respectively illustrate a schematic diagram and a flow chart of such ultrasound assistance in a location determination system 250. The location determination system 250 may include a central unit 62 with a distributed communication system formed by remote units 66, which may include WLAN communication elements including location based services systems for WLAN systems such as those used in infrared, ZIGBEE, BLUETOOTH, cellular location elements, or comparable systems. In addition to the remote units 66, the distributed communication system may include ultrasound beacons 42(1)-42(N). The ultrasound beacons 42 may be in direct communication with the location determination system 250 (illustrated) or a separate system (not illustrated) as desired. It should be appreciated that the structure of the building in which the location determination system 250 is installed may create spots where the location determination elements of the WLAN components are inadequate to ascertain a location of a client device with sufficient particularity. In this regard, the ultrasound elements may be used to provide supplementary location information and the client device may use whichever system provides a better location resolution as desired and as further explicated with reference to FIG. 13.
In this regard, FIG. 13 provides a flow chart 300, which begins by ascertaining whether the signal strength of the ultrasound signals from the ultrasound beacons 42 is above a predefined threshold (block 302). If the answer is yes, the signal strength of the ultrasound signals is above the predefined threshold, and then the client device 48 may calculate its position using the ultrasound beacons (block 304). Additionally, the client device 48 reports its current position to the central unit 62 through the remote units 66 as appropriate and/or as available.
With continuing reference to FIG. 13, if the answer to block 302 is no, the signal strength of the ultrasound signals is not above the predefined threshold, then the client device 48 may calculate its position using the signals from the WLAN elements such as remote units 66 (block 306). The client device 48 may monitor both the signals from the remote units 66 and the ultrasound beacons 42 to ascertain whether a position can be refined using the ultrasound signals (block 308). If the position can be refined, then the position is refined using the ultrasound signals (block 310). Again, this refined position may be reported to the system through the remote units 66 as desired. If the position cannot be refined, the process repeats as indicated. In essence, the embodiment of FIGS. 12 and 13 uses the better of the two location systems to assist the client device 48 to get the best location it can. This best location information may be provided back to the location system as desired. By way of analogy, the ultrasound system may replace checkpoint based RFID systems that are sometimes installed when room level accuracy is required.
As discussed above, the ultrasound beacons 42(1)-42(B), 42(M) and client devices 48 execute instructions from a computer-readable medium (i.e., instructions in memory). The term “computer-readable medium” should be taken to include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches and servers) that store the one or more sets of instructions. The term “computer-readable medium” shall also be taken to include any medium that is capable of storing, encoding or carrying a set of instructions for execution by the processing device and that cause the processing device to perform any one or more of the methodologies of the embodiments disclosed herein. The term “computer-readable medium” shall accordingly include solid-state memories, optical and magnetic medium, and carrier wave signals.
The embodiments disclosed herein include various steps. The steps of the embodiments disclosed herein may be performed by hardware components or may be embodied in machine-executable instructions, which may be used to cause a general-purpose or special-purpose processor programmed with the instructions to perform the steps. Alternatively, the steps may be performed by a combination of hardware and software.
The embodiments disclosed herein may be provided as a computer program product, or software, that may include a machine-readable medium (or computer-readable medium) having stored thereon instructions, which may be used to program a computer system (or other electronic devices) to perform a process according to the embodiments disclosed herein. A machine-readable medium includes any mechanism for storing or transmitting information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer). For example, a machine-readable medium includes a machine-readable storage medium (e.g., read only memory (“ROM”), random access memory (“RAM”), magnetic disk storage medium, optical storage medium, flash memory devices, etc.), a machine-readable transmission medium (electrical, optical, acoustical or other form of propagated signals (e.g., carrier waves, infrared signals, digital signals, etc.)), etc.
Unless specifically stated otherwise, discussions utilizing terms such as “processing,” “computing,” “determining,” “displaying,” or the like, refer to processes of a computer system, or similar electronic computing device, that manipulates and transforms data represented as physical (electronic) quantities within the computer system's registers and memories into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within the computer system memories or registers or other such information storage, transmission, or display devices.
The algorithms and displays presented herein are not inherently related to any particular computer or other apparatus. Various systems may be used with programs in accordance with the teachings herein, or it may prove convenient to construct more specialized apparatuses to perform the required method steps. The required structure for a variety of these systems will appear from the description above. A variety of programming languages may be used to implement the teachings of the embodiments as described herein.
The various illustrative logical blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithms described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, instructions stored in memory or in another computer-readable medium and executed by a processor or other processing device, or combinations of both. The components of the distributed antenna systems described herein may be employed in any circuit, hardware component, integrated circuit (IC), or IC chip, as examples. Memory disclosed herein may be any type and size of memory and may be configured to store any type of information desired. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps are described generally in terms of their functionality.
The logical blocks, modules, and circuits described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented with a processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A controller may be a processor, which may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
The embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied in hardware and in instructions that are stored in hardware, and may reside, for example, in Random Access Memory (RAM), flash memory, Read Only Memory (ROM), Electrically Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM (EEPROM), registers, a hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other known form of computer-readable medium. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor such that the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium. Alternatively, the storage medium may be integral to the processor. The processor and the storage medium may reside in an ASIC, which may reside in a remote station. Alternatively, the processor and the storage medium may reside as discrete components in a remote station, base station, or server.
The operational steps described in any of the embodiments herein are described to provide examples and discussion, and may be performed in different sequences other than the illustrated sequences. Operations described in a single step may actually be performed in a number of different steps, and one or more operational steps may be combined. Data, instructions, commands, information, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
Further, as used herein, it is intended that terms “fiber optic cables” and/or “optical fibers” include all types of single mode and multi-mode light waveguides, including one or more optical fibers that may be upcoated, colored, buffered, ribbonized and/or have other organizing or protective structure in a cable such as one or more tubes, strength members, jackets or the like.
The antenna arrangements may include any type of antenna desired, including but not limited to dipole, monopole, and slot antennas. The distributed antenna systems disclosed herein could include any type or number of communication mediums, including but not limited to electrical conductors, optical fiber, and air (i.e., wireless transmission). The systems may distribute and the antenna arrangements disclosed herein may be configured to transmit and receive any type of communication signals, including but not limited to RF communication signals and digital data communication signals, examples of which are described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/892,424, incorporated herein by reference. Multiplexing, such as WDM and/or FDM, may be employed in any of the distributed antenna systems described herein, such as according to the examples described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/892,424.
Various modifications and variations can be made without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Since modifications combinations, sub-combinations and variations of the disclosed embodiments incorporating the spirit and substance of the present disclosure may occur to persons skilled in the art, the present disclosure should be construed to include everything within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (25)

What is claimed is:
1. A client device configured to communicate in a distributed communication system, comprising:
a controller;
an ultrasound receiver coupled to the controller, the ultrasound receiver configured to receive ultrasound pulses over at least one microphone; and
a radio-frequency (RF) transceiver coupled to the controller, the RF transceiver configured to wirelessly receive and transmit RF communication signals over at least one antenna;
an inertial navigation system (INS) operatively coupled to the controller;
the controller configured to:
calculate a first position using received ultrasound signals; and
use the INS to calculate a second position from the first position when the received ultrasound signals are below a predefined threshold.
2. The client device of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to calculate the position using received ultrasound signals by being configured to:
record sound received from a plurality of ultrasound beacons over the at least one microphone over a defined period of time;
filter the recorded sound about at least one ultrasound beacon frequency;
recover a plurality of ultrasound pulses from the filtered recorded sound emitted from a plurality of ultrasound beacons in the distributed communication system;
perform a time-difference-of-arrival analysis on the recovered plurality of ultrasound pulses; and
determine a relative distance of the client device to the plurality of ultrasound beacons.
3. The client device of claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to transform the recorded sound in a frequency domain to produce a spectrum of the recorded sound.
4. The client device of claim 3, wherein the controller is configured to filter the recorded sound by filtering the spectrum of the recorded sound about the at least one ultrasound beacon frequency.
5. The client device of claim 3, wherein the controller is further configured to transform filtered spectrum of recorded sound back to a time domain.
6. The client device of claim 5, wherein the INS comprises:
at least one accelerometer;
a compass; and
at least one gyroscope.
7. The client device of claim 6, wherein the controller is configured to calculate a third position if the received ultrasound signals are subsequently above the predefined threshold.
8. The client device of claim 7, wherein the received ultrasound signals are received from a distributed antenna system.
9. The client device of claim 8, wherein the received ultrasounds signals are received staggered in time.
10. The client device of claim 2, wherein the controller is further configured to store the relative distance of the client device to the plurality of ultrasound beacons in memory.
11. The client device of claim 2, wherein the controller is further configured to:
recover location information of a master ultrasound beacon in the distributed communication system from the filtered recorded sound from a plurality of ultrasound beacons in the distributed communication system; and
determine the relative location of the client device to the master ultrasound beacon based on applying the location information to the relative distance.
12. The client device of claim 11, wherein the controller is configured to determine the relative location of the client device to the master ultrasound beacon based on performing position multi-lateration calculations using the determined time-difference-of-arrival of the recovered plurality of ultrasound pulses and the relative location of the client device to the master ultrasound beacon.
13. The client device of claim 11, wherein the controller is further configured to communicate the relative location of the client device to another device or network.
14. The client device of claim 13, wherein the controller is configured to communicate the relative location of the client device to a remote unit in the distributed communications system.
15. A method of a RF communication client device configured to communicate in a distributed communication system for determining location within the distributed communication system, comprising:
calculating a first position using ultrasound signals received at the client device; and
calculating a second position from the first position using an inertial navigation system within the client device when a signal strength of the ultrasound signals falls below a predefined threshold,
wherein calculating the first position comprises:
recording sound received from a plurality of ultrasound beacons over at least one microphone over a defined period of time;
filtering the recorded sound about at least one ultrasound beacon frequency;
recovering a plurality of ultrasound pulses from the filtered recorded sound emitted from a plurality of ultrasound beacons in the distributed communication system;
performing a time-difference-of-arrival analysis on the recovered plurality of ultrasound pulses; and
determining a relative distance of the RF communication client device to the plurality of ultrasound beacons.
16. The method of claim 15, further comprising transforming to the recorded sound in a frequency domain to produce a spectrum of the recorded sound.
17. The method of claim 16, comprising filtering the recorded sound by filtering the spectrum of the recorded sound about the at least one ultrasound beacon frequency.
18. The method of claim 16, further comprising transforming the filtered spectrum of recorded sound back to a time domain.
19. The method of claim 15, wherein calculating the second position comprises using at least one of an accelerometer, a compass, and a gyroscope.
20. The method of claim 15, further comprising calculating a third position if the received ultrasound signals are subsequently above the predefined threshold.
21. The method of claim 15, further comprising receiving the ultrasound signals from a distributed antenna system.
22. The method of claim 15, further comprising receiving the ultrasound signals staggered in time.
23. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
recovering location information of a master ultrasound beacon in the distributed communication system from the filtered recorded sound from a plurality of ultrasound beacons in the distributed communication system; and
determining a relative location of the RF communication client device to the master ultrasound beacon based on applying the location information to the relative distance.
24. The method of claim 23, further comprising determining the relative location of the RF communications client device to the master ultrasound beacon based on performing position multi-lateration calculations using the determined time-difference-of-arrival of the recovered plurality of ultrasound pulses and the relative location of the client device to the master ultrasound beacon.
25. The method of claim 23, comprising communicating the relative location of the client device to a remote unit in the distributed communication system.
US14/533,383 2012-05-29 2014-11-05 Ultrasound-based localization of client devices with inertial navigation supplement in distributed communication systems and related devices and methods Expired - Fee Related US9684060B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US14/533,383 US9684060B2 (en) 2012-05-29 2014-11-05 Ultrasound-based localization of client devices with inertial navigation supplement in distributed communication systems and related devices and methods

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201261652575P 2012-05-29 2012-05-29
PCT/US2013/043107 WO2013181247A1 (en) 2012-05-29 2013-05-29 Ultrasound-based localization of client devices with inertial navigation supplement in distributed communication systems and related devices and methods
US14/533,383 US9684060B2 (en) 2012-05-29 2014-11-05 Ultrasound-based localization of client devices with inertial navigation supplement in distributed communication systems and related devices and methods

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2013/043107 Continuation WO2013181247A1 (en) 2012-05-29 2013-05-29 Ultrasound-based localization of client devices with inertial navigation supplement in distributed communication systems and related devices and methods

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20150268327A1 US20150268327A1 (en) 2015-09-24
US9684060B2 true US9684060B2 (en) 2017-06-20

Family

ID=48626148

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US14/533,383 Expired - Fee Related US9684060B2 (en) 2012-05-29 2014-11-05 Ultrasound-based localization of client devices with inertial navigation supplement in distributed communication systems and related devices and methods

Country Status (2)

Country Link
US (1) US9684060B2 (en)
WO (1) WO2013181247A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9590733B2 (en) 2009-07-24 2017-03-07 Corning Optical Communications LLC Location tracking using fiber optic array cables and related systems and methods
WO2011123336A1 (en) 2010-03-31 2011-10-06 Corning Cable Systems Llc Localization services in optical fiber-based distributed communications components and systems, and related methods
US8570914B2 (en) 2010-08-09 2013-10-29 Corning Cable Systems Llc Apparatuses, systems, and methods for determining location of a mobile device(s) in a distributed antenna system(s)
US9781553B2 (en) 2012-04-24 2017-10-03 Corning Optical Communications LLC Location based services in a distributed communication system, and related components and methods
US9158864B2 (en) 2012-12-21 2015-10-13 Corning Optical Communications Wireless Ltd Systems, methods, and devices for documenting a location of installed equipment
US9557402B2 (en) * 2014-03-03 2017-01-31 Rosemount Inc. Indoor positioning system
US10942250B2 (en) 2014-03-03 2021-03-09 Rosemount Inc. Positioning system
US11102746B2 (en) 2014-03-03 2021-08-24 Rosemount Inc. Positioning system
US9648580B1 (en) 2016-03-23 2017-05-09 Corning Optical Communications Wireless Ltd Identifying remote units in a wireless distribution system (WDS) based on assigned unique temporal delay patterns
CA3112570A1 (en) 2018-09-17 2020-03-26 Rosemount Inc. Location awareness system
GB2597656A (en) * 2020-07-21 2022-02-09 Nokia Technologies Oy Apparatus, methods and computer programs for locating mobile devices

Citations (414)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2628312A (en) 1949-05-24 1953-02-10 Rca Corp Receiving station antenna distribution system
US3848254A (en) 1971-07-28 1974-11-12 Siemens Ag Method for locating vehicles
US3986182A (en) 1974-03-27 1976-10-12 Sontrix, Inc. Multi-zone intrusion detection system
US4167738A (en) 1977-06-27 1979-09-11 Dennis Kirkendall Antenna mounted tuning indicator
US4935746A (en) 1989-05-26 1990-06-19 Wells Donald H Efficiency monitoring antenna
US5206655A (en) 1990-03-09 1993-04-27 Alcatel Espace High-yield active printed-circuit antenna system for frequency-hopping space radar
US5257407A (en) 1990-09-20 1993-10-26 Motorola, Inc. Automatic antenna coupler fault detector and indicator
US5339259A (en) 1992-07-10 1994-08-16 Northrop Grumman Corporation High speed high resolution ultrasonic position and orientation tracker
US5396224A (en) 1991-11-22 1995-03-07 Hewlett-Packard Company Telemetered patient location system and method
WO1996003823A1 (en) 1994-07-22 1996-02-08 Norand Corporation Hierarchical communication system providing intelligent data, program and processing migration
US5513176A (en) 1990-12-07 1996-04-30 Qualcomm Incorporated Dual distributed antenna system
US5544173A (en) 1994-08-18 1996-08-06 International Business Machines Corporation Delay test coverage without additional dummy latches in a scan-based test design
EP0732827A2 (en) 1995-03-17 1996-09-18 Nec Corporation Optical fiber network system
US5602903A (en) 1994-09-28 1997-02-11 Us West Technologies, Inc. Positioning system and method
US5615132A (en) 1994-01-21 1997-03-25 Crossbow Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for determining position and orientation of a moveable object using accelerometers
US5726984A (en) 1989-01-31 1998-03-10 Norand Corporation Hierarchical data collection network supporting packetized voice communications among wireless terminals and telephones
US5873040A (en) 1996-08-13 1999-02-16 International Business Machines Corporation Wireless 911 emergency location
CN1222007A (en) 1997-12-31 1999-07-07 中国人民解放军信息工程学院 SW multiradio share antenna isolating coupling system
US5969837A (en) 1996-12-15 1999-10-19 Foxcom Wireless Ltd. Communications system
WO1999053838A1 (en) 1998-04-17 1999-10-28 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Motion tracking system
US6011962A (en) 1996-05-07 2000-01-04 Fuba Automotive Gmbh Circuit for testing the function of mobile receiving installations
CN1242911A (en) 1996-12-15 2000-01-26 福克斯柯姆无线通讯有限公司 Wireless communications station and system
US6046838A (en) 1998-12-22 2000-04-04 Kestrel Solutions, Inc. Automatic bias control for electro-optic modulators
US6108536A (en) 1997-10-23 2000-08-22 Qualcomm Inc. System and method for displaying performance characteristics of a cell site modem
US6128470A (en) 1996-07-18 2000-10-03 Ericsson Inc. System and method for reducing cumulative noise in a distributed antenna network
US6178334B1 (en) 1998-11-17 2001-01-23 Hughes Electronics Corporation Cellular/PCS network with distributed-RF base station
US6195561B1 (en) 1998-07-03 2001-02-27 Tunnel Radio Of America, Inc. Antenna system for two-way UHF underground radio system
US6218979B1 (en) 1999-06-14 2001-04-17 Time Domain Corporation Wide area time domain radar array
US6222503B1 (en) 1997-01-10 2001-04-24 William Gietema System and method of integrating and concealing antennas, antenna subsystems and communications subsystems
US6236365B1 (en) 1996-09-09 2001-05-22 Tracbeam, Llc Location of a mobile station using a plurality of commercial wireless infrastructures
US6249252B1 (en) 1996-09-09 2001-06-19 Tracbeam Llc Wireless location using multiple location estimators
US6253067B1 (en) 1997-06-27 2001-06-26 Nec Corporation Transmitter/receiver having an antenna failure detection system
EP1124211A2 (en) 2000-02-08 2001-08-16 General Electric Company Wireless telemetry system integrated with a broadband network
US20010022782A1 (en) 2000-02-18 2001-09-20 Ville Steudle Reducing interference in inter-frequency measurement
US6314163B1 (en) 1997-01-17 2001-11-06 The Regents Of The University Of California Hybrid universal broadband telecommunications using small radio cells interconnected by free-space optical links
US6317599B1 (en) 1999-05-26 2001-11-13 Wireless Valley Communications, Inc. Method and system for automated optimization of antenna positioning in 3-D
US6323980B1 (en) 1998-03-05 2001-11-27 Air Fiber, Inc. Hybrid picocell communication system
US6330244B1 (en) 1996-09-05 2001-12-11 Jerome Swartz System for digital radio communication between a wireless lan and a PBX
US6389010B1 (en) 1995-10-05 2002-05-14 Intermec Ip Corp. Hierarchical data collection network supporting packetized voice communications among wireless terminals and telephones
US6405018B1 (en) 1999-01-11 2002-06-11 Metawave Communications Corporation Indoor distributed microcell
US6437577B1 (en) 1999-05-22 2002-08-20 Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd. Circuit to test the working of at least one antenna
US20020123365A1 (en) 2000-12-31 2002-09-05 Thorson Walter R. Scalable base station architecture
US6452915B1 (en) 1998-07-10 2002-09-17 Malibu Networks, Inc. IP-flow classification in a wireless point to multi-point (PTMP) transmission system
WO2002087275A2 (en) 2001-04-24 2002-10-31 Qualcomm Incorporated Method and apparatus for estimating the position of a terminal based on identification codes for transmission sources
US6490439B1 (en) 2000-10-04 2002-12-03 3Com Corporation Lighted antenna for transceiver device
US6518916B1 (en) 1999-10-19 2003-02-11 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Object recognition apparatus
WO2003024027A1 (en) 2001-09-07 2003-03-20 Telia Ab (Publ) An interface for local area networks
US20030078074A1 (en) 2001-06-28 2003-04-24 Sesay Abu Bakarr Optical fiber based on wireless scheme for wideband multimedia access
US20030083052A1 (en) 2001-06-27 2003-05-01 Seiko Epson Corporation Guidance information supply system, guidance information supply method, customer management system, customer management method and program for making computer implement the methods
US6580402B2 (en) 2001-07-26 2003-06-17 The Boeing Company Antenna integrated ceramic chip carrier for a phased array antenna
US6580905B1 (en) 1996-07-02 2003-06-17 Ericsson Inc. System and method for controlling the level of signals output to transmission media in a distributed antenna network
US20030142587A1 (en) 2002-01-25 2003-07-31 Zeitzew Michael A. System and method for navigation using two-way ultrasonic positioning
US20030146871A1 (en) 1998-11-24 2003-08-07 Tracbeam Llc Wireless location using signal direction and time difference of arrival
US20030157943A1 (en) 2002-01-29 2003-08-21 John Sabat Method and apparatus for auxiliary pilot signal for mobile phone location
US6615074B2 (en) 1998-12-22 2003-09-02 University Of Pittsburgh Of The Commonwealth System Of Higher Education Apparatus for energizing a remote station and related method
EP1347584A2 (en) 1994-03-21 2003-09-24 XIRCOM Wireless, Inc. PCS pocket phone/microcell communication over-air protocol
US20030220835A1 (en) 2002-05-23 2003-11-27 Barnes Melvin L. System, method, and computer program product for providing location based services and mobile e-commerce
US6658269B1 (en) 1999-10-01 2003-12-02 Raytheon Company Wireless communications system
US6657535B1 (en) 1998-08-31 2003-12-02 Hawkeye Global, Inc. System for signaling a device at a remote location
US6670930B2 (en) 2001-12-05 2003-12-30 The Boeing Company Antenna-integrated printed wiring board assembly for a phased array antenna system
US20040022215A1 (en) 2000-12-12 2004-02-05 Yasuhide Okuhata Diversity receiver, and method for receiving orthogonal frequency division multiplex signal
US6731880B2 (en) 1996-07-19 2004-05-04 Microwave Photonics, Inc. Telecommunications system
US20040102196A1 (en) 2001-04-06 2004-05-27 Mikko Weckstrom Location method and system
US20040131025A1 (en) 2001-06-28 2004-07-08 Mischa Dohler Electronic data communication systems
US6763226B1 (en) 2002-07-31 2004-07-13 Computer Science Central, Inc. Multifunctional world wide walkie talkie, a tri-frequency cellular-satellite wireless instant messenger computer and network for establishing global wireless volp quality of service (qos) communications, unified messaging, and video conferencing via the internet
US6771933B1 (en) 2001-03-26 2004-08-03 Lgc Wireless, Inc. Wireless deployment of bluetooth access points using a distributed antenna architecture
EP1448008A1 (en) 2003-02-13 2004-08-18 Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson (publ) Indoor positioning of mobile terminals
US20040162084A1 (en) 2003-02-14 2004-08-19 Atheros Communications, Inc. Positioning with wireless local area networks and WLAN-aided global positioning systems
US6782048B2 (en) 2002-06-21 2004-08-24 Pulse-Link, Inc. Ultra-wideband communication through a wired network
US20040175173A1 (en) 2003-03-07 2004-09-09 Sbc, Inc. Method and system for delivering broadband services over an ultrawide band radio system integrated with a passive optical network
US20040198386A1 (en) 2002-01-16 2004-10-07 Dupray Dennis J. Applications for a wireless location gateway
US20040235497A1 (en) 2003-05-19 2004-11-25 Board Of Control Of Michigan Technological University Wireless local positioning system
US20040246926A1 (en) 2003-06-06 2004-12-09 Meshnetworks, Inc. System and method for identifying the floor number where a firefighter in need of help is located using received signal strength indicator and signal propagation time
US20050003873A1 (en) 2003-07-01 2005-01-06 Netro Corporation Directional indicator for antennas
US6842433B2 (en) 2001-04-24 2005-01-11 Wideray Corporation System and method for communicating information from a computerized distributor to portable computing devices
US20050020309A1 (en) 2003-07-21 2005-01-27 Mark Moeglein Method and apparatus for creating and using a base station almanac for position determination
US6876056B2 (en) 2001-04-19 2005-04-05 Interuniversitair Microelektronica Centrum (Imec) Method and system for fabrication of integrated tunable/switchable passive microwave and millimeter wave modules
US6876945B2 (en) 2002-03-25 2005-04-05 Nicholas Jon Emord Seamless sensory system
US20050102180A1 (en) 2001-04-27 2005-05-12 Accenture Llp Passive mining of usage information in a location-based services system
US6900732B2 (en) 1999-09-27 2005-05-31 Time Domain Corp. System and method for monitoring assets, objects, people and animals utilizing impulse radio
US6906681B2 (en) 2002-09-27 2005-06-14 Andrew Corporation Multicarrier distributed active antenna
US6909399B1 (en) 2003-12-31 2005-06-21 Symbol Technologies, Inc. Location system with calibration monitoring
US20050143091A1 (en) 2003-09-02 2005-06-30 Yair Shapira Indoor location identification system
US20050148306A1 (en) 2004-01-05 2005-07-07 Hiddink Gerrit W. Predictive method and apparatus for antenna selection in a wireless communication system
WO2005060338A2 (en) 2003-12-12 2005-07-07 Abb Research Ltd. Method, device and system for programming a robot
US20050147071A1 (en) 2004-01-05 2005-07-07 Jeyhan Karaoguz Multi-mode WLAN/PAN MAC
US20050153712A1 (en) 2004-01-08 2005-07-14 Ken Osaka Method and system for determining mobile unit location by aggregation of tagged signals from a distributed antenna system
US6919858B2 (en) 2003-10-10 2005-07-19 Broadcom, Corp. RF antenna coupling structure
US6928281B2 (en) 2002-12-12 2005-08-09 Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. Active antenna system with fault detection
US20050246094A1 (en) 2004-04-30 2005-11-03 Richard Moscatiello Smart space RFID system and method
US6963727B2 (en) 2001-07-26 2005-11-08 Time Domain Corporation Direct-path-signal detection apparatus and associated methods
US20050281213A1 (en) 2004-06-17 2005-12-22 Reuben Dohn Wireless network bridge with remote indicator circuit
US6983174B2 (en) 2002-09-18 2006-01-03 Andrew Corporation Distributed active transmit and/or receive antenna
US20060014548A1 (en) 2004-07-16 2006-01-19 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Determination of mobile terminal position
US20060033662A1 (en) 2004-07-27 2006-02-16 Ubisense Limited Location system
US7015826B1 (en) 2002-04-02 2006-03-21 Digital Angel Corporation Method and apparatus for sensing and transmitting a body characteristic of a host
US7020473B2 (en) 2003-02-07 2006-03-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for finding the position of a subscriber in a radio communications system
US7024166B2 (en) 2002-12-18 2006-04-04 Qualcomm, Incorporated Transmission diversity systems
US7035594B2 (en) 2001-07-02 2006-04-25 Qualcomm Inc. Method and apparatus for testing and evaluating wireless communication devices
US20060092880A1 (en) 1996-01-18 2006-05-04 Katsuya Nounin Radio communication system
US7047028B2 (en) 2002-11-15 2006-05-16 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Optical fiber coupling configurations for a main-remote radio base station and a hybrid radio base station
US7050017B2 (en) 2002-08-14 2006-05-23 King Patrick F RFID tire belt antenna system and method
US7053838B2 (en) 1999-04-26 2006-05-30 Andrew Corporation Antenna structure and installation
US20060136544A1 (en) * 1998-10-02 2006-06-22 Beepcard, Inc. Computer communications using acoustic signals
US7072586B2 (en) 1999-12-28 2006-07-04 Ntt Docomo, Inc. Radio base station system and central control station with unified transmission format
WO2006076600A1 (en) 2005-01-11 2006-07-20 Qualcomm Incorporated Method and system for determining mobile station position based on base station information and repeater discriminants
US7084758B1 (en) 2004-03-19 2006-08-01 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Location-based reminders
US20060183504A1 (en) 2005-02-15 2006-08-17 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. Calibration method, and base station apparatus, terminal apparatus and radio apparatus utilizing the same
US20060209752A1 (en) 2004-01-16 2006-09-21 Wijngaarden Adriaan Jeroen D L Method and apparatus for cellular communication over data networks
US7113780B2 (en) 1992-03-06 2006-09-26 Aircell, Inc. System for integrating an airborne wireless cellular network with terrestrial wireless cellular networks and the public switched telephone network
US7129886B2 (en) 2000-09-14 2006-10-31 Time Domain Corp. System and method for detecting an intruder using impulse radio technology
US7146134B2 (en) 2002-02-09 2006-12-05 Dsp Group Inc. Apparatus and method for dynamic diversity based upon receiver-side assessment of link quality
US20060274704A1 (en) 2005-06-01 2006-12-07 Prasanna Desai Method and apparatus for collaborative coexistence between Bluetooth and IEEE 802.11 G with both technologies integrated onto a system-on-a-chip (SOC) device
US20070004437A1 (en) 2004-03-08 2007-01-04 Hiroshi Harada Communicating system, communicating method, base station, and mobile station
US7177623B2 (en) 2003-07-02 2007-02-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Localized cellular awareness and tracking of emergencies
US7183910B2 (en) 2004-12-17 2007-02-27 International Business Machines Corporation Tiered on-demand location-based service and infrastructure
US20070057761A1 (en) 2005-04-22 2007-03-15 Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc. Motion detector
US20070060045A1 (en) 2005-02-02 2007-03-15 Prautzsch Frank R System and technique for situational awareness
US20070060055A1 (en) 2005-06-01 2007-03-15 Prasanna Desai Method and system for antenna and radio front-end topologies for a system-on-a-chip (SOC) device that combines bluetooth and IEEE 802.11 b/g WLAN technologies
US7194275B2 (en) 2003-10-02 2007-03-20 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Position determination of mobile stations
EP1005774B1 (en) 1997-08-18 2007-03-21 Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson (publ) Method and system for determining the position of mobile radio terminals
US7196656B2 (en) 2004-09-29 2007-03-27 Fujitsu Limited Apparatus for estimating direction of arrival of signal
US20070070812A1 (en) 2004-03-08 2007-03-29 Doug Hwal Lee Positioning system using ultrasonic waves and method for operating the same
US7199443B2 (en) 2002-02-22 2007-04-03 Arizona Board Of Regents, Acting On Behalf Of Arizona State University Integration of filters using on-chip transformers for RF and wireless applications
US20070076649A1 (en) 2005-09-30 2007-04-05 Intel Corporation Techniques for heterogeneous radio cooperation
US20070104164A1 (en) 2004-10-14 2007-05-10 Rajiv Laroia Methods and apparatus for determining, communicating and using information including loading factors which can be used for interference control purposes
US20070104128A1 (en) 2005-11-04 2007-05-10 Rajiv Laroia Methods and apparatus for selecting and signaling a preferred link among a plurality of maintained wireless communications links
US7233771B2 (en) 2004-05-13 2007-06-19 Widefi, Inc. Non-frequency translating repeater with downlink detection for uplink and downlink synchronization
US20070140168A1 (en) 2005-10-14 2007-06-21 Rajiv Laroia Methods and apparatus for determining, communicating and using information which can be used for interference control
US20070172241A1 (en) 2003-06-09 2007-07-26 Samsung Electronics Co.;Ltd Apparatus for transmitting signals between ultra wideband networks
US7256727B2 (en) 2005-01-07 2007-08-14 Time Domain Corporation System and method for radiating RF waveforms using discontinues associated with a utility transmission line
US7260369B2 (en) 2005-08-03 2007-08-21 Kamilo Feher Location finder, tracker, communication and remote control system
US20070202844A1 (en) 2002-06-14 2007-08-30 Cingular Wireless Ii, Llc System for Providing Location-Based Services in a Wireless Network, such as Locating Individuals and Coordinating Meetings
US7272359B2 (en) 2004-01-26 2007-09-18 Magnolia Broadband Inc. Communicating signals according to a quality indicator using multiple antenna elements
US20070224954A1 (en) 2006-03-23 2007-09-27 Marvell International Ltd. Cellular phone with integrated FM radio and remote low noise amplifier
US20070253355A1 (en) 2005-10-14 2007-11-01 Prashanth Hande Methods and apparatus for broadcasting loading information corresponding to neighboring base stations
US20070257796A1 (en) 2006-05-08 2007-11-08 Easton Martyn N Wireless picocellular RFID systems and methods
US7298327B2 (en) 1996-09-09 2007-11-20 Tracbeam Llc Geographic location using multiple location estimators
US20070268853A1 (en) 2006-05-17 2007-11-22 Zhengxiang Ma Identification of base stations
US20070286599A1 (en) 2006-06-12 2007-12-13 Michael Sauer Centralized optical-fiber-based wireless picocellular systems and methods
US20070297005A1 (en) 2006-05-26 2007-12-27 Montierth Mark D Wireless system-in-package and image processing control apparatus
US7315735B2 (en) 2004-02-24 2008-01-01 P.G. Electronics Ltd. System and method for emergency 911 location detection
US20080013482A1 (en) 2006-07-10 2008-01-17 Nec Corporation Wireless communication system, wireless access point, communication control method and computer-readable medium
US7324837B2 (en) 2003-03-19 2008-01-29 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. Base station apparatus of which installation is facilitated
US7324476B2 (en) 2004-11-04 2008-01-29 International Business Machines Corporation Establishing user accounts for RFID-based telecommunications routing
US20080043714A1 (en) 2006-08-16 2008-02-21 Nokia Corporation Multiradio scheduling including clock synchronization validity protection
US7336961B1 (en) 2004-06-04 2008-02-26 Sprint Spectrum L.P. Method and system for determining location of a mobile station within a distributed antenna system
US20080058018A1 (en) 2006-08-29 2008-03-06 Lgc Wireless, Inc. Distributed antenna communications system and methods of implementing thereof
US20080077326A1 (en) 2006-05-31 2008-03-27 Funk Benjamin E Method and System for Locating and Monitoring First Responders
US20080080863A1 (en) 2006-09-28 2008-04-03 Michael Sauer Radio-over-fiber (RoF) wireless picocellular system with combined picocells
US7359674B2 (en) 2005-05-10 2008-04-15 Nokia Corporation Content distribution & communication system for enhancing service distribution in short range radio environment
US7359718B2 (en) 2004-04-30 2008-04-15 Hong Kong Applied Science And Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd. Location determination and location tracking in wireless networks
US20080098203A1 (en) 2001-11-30 2008-04-24 Qst Holdings, Inc. Apparatus, method, system and executable module for configuration and operation of adaptive integrated circuitry havingf fixed, application specific computational elements
US20080101277A1 (en) 2006-07-06 2008-05-01 Taylor Kirk S Method for disseminating geolocation information for network infrastructure devices
US7369526B2 (en) 2003-09-11 2008-05-06 The Kohl Group, Inc. Flexible transport system including support for bilateral user access
US20080118014A1 (en) 2006-11-16 2008-05-22 Nokia Corporation Utilizing wake-up signals for synchronizing multiradio timing
US20080119208A1 (en) 2006-11-17 2008-05-22 Flanagan Michael J Locating a mobile station inside a building
US20080129634A1 (en) 2006-11-30 2008-06-05 Pera Robert J Multi-polarization antenna feeds for mimo applications
US20080134194A1 (en) 2004-08-13 2008-06-05 Utstarcim Telecom Co., Ltd. Method for Dynamic Resource Allocation in Centrailized Base Stations
US7385384B2 (en) 2002-09-30 2008-06-10 Continental Automotive France Diagnosis method for an antenna connection
US7388892B2 (en) 2004-12-17 2008-06-17 Corning Incorporated System and method for optically powering a remote network component
EP1954019A1 (en) 2007-02-01 2008-08-06 Research In Motion Limited System and method for providing simulated spatial sound in a wireless communication device during group voice communication sessions
US7412224B2 (en) 2005-11-14 2008-08-12 Nokia Corporation Portable local server with context sensing
US20080194226A1 (en) 2007-02-13 2008-08-14 Antonio Rivas Method and Apparatus for Providing Location Services for a Distributed Network
WO2008099390A2 (en) 2007-02-12 2008-08-21 Mobileaccess Networks Ltd. Indoor location determination
US20080201226A1 (en) 2006-12-26 2008-08-21 Mark Carlson Mobile coupon method and portable consumer device for utilizing same
WO2008099383A2 (en) 2007-02-12 2008-08-21 Mobileaccess Networks Ltd. Mimo-adapted distributed antenna system
US20080207253A1 (en) 2007-02-27 2008-08-28 Nokia Corporation Multiradio management through quality level control
US7421288B2 (en) 2003-05-02 2008-09-02 Fujitsu Limited Multi-antenna system and antenna unit
US20080232328A1 (en) 2007-03-23 2008-09-25 Stefan Scheinert Localization of a mobile device in distributed antenna communications system
US20080253351A1 (en) 2007-04-13 2008-10-16 Nokia Corporation Multiradio power aware traffic management
US20080261656A1 (en) 2004-11-25 2008-10-23 Valter Bella Joint Ic Card And Wireless Transceiver Module For Mobile Communication Equipment
US20080268871A1 (en) 2007-04-26 2008-10-30 Samsung Electronics Co.,Ltd. System and method for providing location based services in a mobile communication system
US20080270522A1 (en) 2007-04-26 2008-10-30 Slim Souissi System and method for locating a device
US20080268833A1 (en) 2007-03-30 2008-10-30 Leping Huang System and Method for Self-Optimization of Interference Coordination in Communication Systems
US7451365B2 (en) 2002-05-13 2008-11-11 Weilin Wang System and method for identifying nodes in a wireless network
US20080280569A1 (en) 2004-05-06 2008-11-13 Serconet Ltd. System and Method for Carrying a Wireless Based Signal Over Wiring
US20080279137A1 (en) 2007-05-10 2008-11-13 Nokia Corporation Discontinuous inquiry for wireless communication
US20080291830A1 (en) 2007-05-25 2008-11-27 Nokia Corporation Multiradio control incorporating quality of service
US20080292322A1 (en) 2007-05-24 2008-11-27 Finisar Corporation Optoelectronic devices with intelligent transmitter modules
US20080310341A1 (en) 2004-07-28 2008-12-18 Nec Corporation Wireless Transmission System
US7471243B2 (en) 2005-03-30 2008-12-30 Symbol Technologies, Inc. Location determination utilizing environmental factors
US20090028317A1 (en) 2007-07-26 2009-01-29 The Directv Group, Inc. Method and system for providing callbacks from a user device using an ip network
US20090028087A1 (en) 2007-07-26 2009-01-29 The Directv Group, Inc. Method and system for communicating content having modified packet headers through a satellite
US20090041413A1 (en) 2007-08-08 2009-02-12 Hurley William C Retractable optical fiber tether assembly and associated fiber optic cable
US20090046688A1 (en) 2003-03-06 2009-02-19 Volpi John P Method and System for Providing Broadband Multimedia Services
US20090061796A1 (en) 2007-08-27 2009-03-05 Nokia Corporation Antenna arrangement
US20090073054A1 (en) 2006-06-12 2009-03-19 Broadcom Corporation Planer antenna structure
US20090073885A1 (en) 2007-09-17 2009-03-19 Rehan Jalil Method, system and apparatus for tracking user behavior in a wireless communication network
US20090073916A1 (en) 2006-06-02 2009-03-19 Nortel Networks Limited Ranging regions for wireless communication relay stations
US7512450B2 (en) 2004-03-25 2009-03-31 Siemens Building Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for generating a building system model
US7535796B2 (en) 2002-04-09 2009-05-19 Sonitor Technologies As System and method for position determination of objects
US7542452B2 (en) 2004-04-09 2009-06-02 Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. Systems and methods for implementing an enhanced multi-channel direct link protocol between stations in a wireless LAN environment
US20090143076A1 (en) 2007-12-04 2009-06-04 Qualcomm Incorporated Method and Apparatus for Using Supported Network Information for Positioning
US20090149221A1 (en) 2004-09-08 2009-06-11 Utstarcom Telecom Co., Ltd. Centralized base station system based on advanced telecommunication computer architecture platform
US7548833B2 (en) 2004-03-25 2009-06-16 Siemens Building Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for graphical display of a condition in a building system with a mobile display unit
US20090154294A1 (en) 2007-12-17 2009-06-18 Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute Method and system for recognizing location by using sound sources with different frequencies
US7551641B2 (en) 2005-07-26 2009-06-23 Dell Products L.P. Systems and methods for distribution of wireless network access
US20090163224A1 (en) 2007-12-19 2009-06-25 Qualcomm Incorporated Systems and methods for locating a mobile device
WO2009081376A2 (en) 2007-12-20 2009-07-02 Mobileaccess Networks Ltd. Extending outdoor location based services and applications into enclosed areas
US7557758B2 (en) 2007-03-26 2009-07-07 Broadcom Corporation Very high frequency dielectric substrate wave guide
US20090175214A1 (en) 2008-01-02 2009-07-09 Interdigital Technology Corporation Method and apparatus for cooperative wireless communications
US20090176507A1 (en) 2008-01-08 2009-07-09 Wi-Lan Inc. Systems and methods for location positioning within radio access systems
US20090191891A1 (en) 2008-01-29 2009-07-30 Lucent Technologies Inc. Method to support user location in in-structure coverage systems
US20090190441A1 (en) 2008-01-29 2009-07-30 Nec (China) Co., Ltd. Autonomous ultrasonic indoor tracking system
US20090216449A1 (en) 2008-02-01 2009-08-27 Erko Robert J Passive Mapping Using a Floor Cleaning Machine
US20090218407A1 (en) 2008-02-29 2009-09-03 Broadcom Corporation Integrated circuit with millimeter wave and inductive coupling and methods for use therewith
US20090218657A1 (en) 2008-03-03 2009-09-03 Broadcom Corporation Inductively coupled integrated circuit with near field communication and methods for use therewith
US7590354B2 (en) 2006-06-16 2009-09-15 Corning Cable Systems Llc Redundant transponder array for a radio-over-fiber optical fiber cable
US20090238566A1 (en) 2005-03-31 2009-09-24 Mauro Boldi Radio-Access Method, Related Radio Base Station, Mobile-Radio Network and Computer-Program Product Using an Assignment Scheme for Antennas' Sectors
US20090245084A1 (en) 2008-04-01 2009-10-01 Harris Corporation System and method for communicating data using efficient fast fourier transform (fft) for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (ofdm)
US20090245153A1 (en) 2008-03-31 2009-10-01 Li Li Multiuser sector micro diversity system
US20090245221A1 (en) 2008-03-31 2009-10-01 Nokia Corporation Multiradio operation using interference reporting
US7599420B2 (en) 2004-07-30 2009-10-06 Rearden, Llc System and method for distributed input distributed output wireless communications
US20090252205A1 (en) 2006-07-17 2009-10-08 Clemens Rheinfelder Antenna array system
US20090252136A1 (en) 1995-06-07 2009-10-08 Broadcom Corporation System and method for efficiently routing information
US20090258652A1 (en) 2001-05-02 2009-10-15 Thomas Lambert Cellular systems with distributed antennas
US20090262604A1 (en) 2006-08-30 2009-10-22 Junichi Funada Localization system, robot, localization method, and sound source localization program
US20090280835A1 (en) 2008-05-06 2009-11-12 Males Jared R Wireless Based Positioning Method and Apparatus
US20090285147A1 (en) 2008-05-16 2009-11-19 Redline Communications, Inc. Isolation measurement and self-oscillation prevention in tdd-ofdm repeater for wireless broadband distribution to shadowed areas
US7627250B2 (en) 2006-08-16 2009-12-01 Corning Cable Systems Llc Radio-over-fiber transponder with a dual-band patch antenna system
US7630690B2 (en) 2002-04-12 2009-12-08 Interdigital Technology Corp. Access burst detector correlator pool
JP2009288245A (en) 2008-05-29 2009-12-10 Nec (China) Co Ltd Indoor positioning system of autonomous ultrasonic wave, and its device and method
US20090316529A1 (en) 2005-05-12 2009-12-24 Nokia Corporation Positioning of a Portable Electronic Device
US20100002626A1 (en) 2008-02-08 2010-01-07 Adc Telecommunications, Inc. Enterprise mobile network for providing cellular wireless service using licensed radio frequency spectrum and internet protocol backhaul
US7646777B2 (en) 2003-07-07 2010-01-12 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Communication environment switchover
US20100007485A1 (en) 2008-07-14 2010-01-14 Mine Safety Appliances Company Devices, Systems and Method of Determining the Location of Mobile Personnel
US20100008337A1 (en) 2008-07-11 2010-01-14 Nokia Corporation Method providing positioning and navigation inside large buildings
US7653397B2 (en) 2007-02-09 2010-01-26 Nokia Corporation Managing unscheduled wireless communication in a multiradio device
US20100027443A1 (en) 2008-07-31 2010-02-04 Motorola, Inc. Establishing communication pathways between infrastructure devices in a group communication system implemented over a wide area network
US7668565B2 (en) 2006-11-07 2010-02-23 Nokia Corporation Multiradio priority control based on modem buffer load
US20100048163A1 (en) 2008-08-20 2010-02-25 Parr Mark H Mobile device location system for wireless e911 services
US20100056200A1 (en) 2008-09-03 2010-03-04 Nokia Corporation Software-defined radio configuration
US20100061291A1 (en) 2000-07-19 2010-03-11 Adc Telecommunications, Inc. Point-to-multipoint digital radio frequency transport
US7679562B2 (en) 2006-01-30 2010-03-16 Fujitsu Limited Target detection apparatus and system
US20100080154A1 (en) 2008-09-26 2010-04-01 Lg Electronics Inc. Method of transmitting reference signals in a wireless communication having multiple antennas
US7693654B1 (en) 2005-11-23 2010-04-06 ActivMedia Robotics/MobileRobots Method for mapping spaces with respect to a universal uniform spatial reference
US7693486B2 (en) 2006-05-11 2010-04-06 Nokia Corporation Distributed multiradio controller
US7698228B2 (en) 2001-04-27 2010-04-13 Accenture Llp Tracking purchases in a location-based services system
US20100091475A1 (en) 2008-10-15 2010-04-15 Qualcomm Incorporated Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Shielding For Stacked ICs
US20100097268A1 (en) * 2008-10-21 2010-04-22 Texas Instruments Incorporated Tightly-coupled gnss/imu integration filter having calibration features
US7714778B2 (en) 1997-08-20 2010-05-11 Tracbeam Llc Wireless location gateway and applications therefor
US20100121567A1 (en) 2005-05-09 2010-05-13 Ehud Mendelson System and method for providing indoor navigation and special local base sevice application for malls stores shopping centers and buildings utilize Bluetooth
US20100130233A1 (en) 2008-11-25 2010-05-27 Lansing Arthur Parker System, method and program product for location based services, asset management and tracking
US20100127937A1 (en) 2008-11-25 2010-05-27 Qualcomm Incorporated Antenna Integrated in a Semiconductor Chip
US20100128568A1 (en) 2008-11-27 2010-05-27 Samsung Electronics, Co., Ltd. Method and apparatus of location tracking
EP2192811A1 (en) 2008-11-27 2010-06-02 Alcatel Lucent Method of determining a position of a wireless mobile terminal
US20100135178A1 (en) 2008-11-21 2010-06-03 Qualcomm Incorporated Wireless position determination using adjusted round trip time measurements
US20100134257A1 (en) 2008-12-03 2010-06-03 David Puleston Rfid tag facility with access to external devices
US20100148373A1 (en) 2008-12-17 2010-06-17 Qual.Comm Incorporated Stacked Die Parallel Plate Capacitor
US20100151821A1 (en) 2008-12-11 2010-06-17 Embarq Holdings Company, Llc System and method for providing location based services at a shopping facility
AU2010100320A4 (en) 2007-09-03 2010-06-17 Celltek Electronics Pty Ltd A Tracking System
US20100157738A1 (en) 2008-12-22 2010-06-24 Seiichi Izumi Sonic Wave Output Device, Voice Communication Device, Sonic Wave Output Method and Program
US20100156721A1 (en) 2006-05-23 2010-06-24 Alamouti Siavash M Millimeter-wave indoor wireless personal area network with ceiling reflector and methods for communicating using millimeter-waves
US7751971B2 (en) 2007-01-17 2010-07-06 Microsoft Corporation Location mapping for key-point based services
US7751838B2 (en) 2006-01-17 2010-07-06 Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) Method and mobile station for synchronizing to a common synchronization channel and obtaining a channel estimate
US7751374B2 (en) 2005-01-18 2010-07-06 Marvell World Trade Ltd. WLAN TDM protocol
US20100178936A1 (en) 2009-01-13 2010-07-15 Adc Telecommunications, Inc. Systems and methods for mobile phone location with digital distributed antenna systems
US20100188998A1 (en) 2009-01-23 2010-07-29 Nokia Corporation Interoperability interface for modem control
US20100190509A1 (en) 2009-01-23 2010-07-29 At&T Mobility Ii Llc Compensation of propagation delays of wireless signals
US7773573B2 (en) 2006-02-16 2010-08-10 Marvell World Trade Ltd. Dual MAC arbitration
WO2010090999A1 (en) 2009-02-03 2010-08-12 Corning Cable Systems Llc Optical fiber-based distributed antenna systems, components, and related methods for monitoring and configuring thereof
US20100202326A1 (en) 2009-02-09 2010-08-12 Ahmadreza Rofougaran Method and system for a multi-port distributed antenna
US7778603B2 (en) 2006-10-26 2010-08-17 Nokia Corporation Bandwidth conservation by reallocating unused time scheduled for a radio to another radio
US7787823B2 (en) 2006-09-15 2010-08-31 Corning Cable Systems Llc Radio-over-fiber (RoF) optical fiber cable system with transponder diversity and RoF wireless picocellular system using same
US7787887B2 (en) 2005-12-26 2010-08-31 Infosys Technolologies Ltd. Providing location-based services via wireless networks
US20100225557A1 (en) 2009-03-03 2010-09-09 Ahmadreza Rofougaran Method and system for an on-chip and/or an on-package transmit/receive switch and antenna
US20100225413A1 (en) 2009-03-03 2010-09-09 Ahmadreza Rofougaran Method and system for receiving signals via multi-port distributed antenna
US20100225556A1 (en) 2009-03-03 2010-09-09 Ahmadreza Rofougaran Method and system for power combining in a multi-port distributed antenna
US20100246558A1 (en) 2009-03-31 2010-09-30 Tom Harel Narrowband transmissions using a plurality of antennas
US7809012B2 (en) 2007-02-16 2010-10-05 Nokia Corporation Managing low-power wireless mediums in multiradio devices
US20100254356A1 (en) 2007-11-05 2010-10-07 Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) Timing Alignment in an LTE System
US20100255774A1 (en) 2009-04-01 2010-10-07 Peter Kenington Radio system and method for relaying radio signals with a power calibration of transmit radio signals
US20100258949A1 (en) 2009-04-09 2010-10-14 Qualcomm Incorporated Reduced Susceptibility To Electrostatic Discharge During 3D Semiconductor Device Bonding and Assembly
US7817969B2 (en) 2007-02-12 2010-10-19 Broadcom Corporation Limiting audible noise introduction through FM antenna tuning
US20100273504A1 (en) 2009-04-22 2010-10-28 Trueposition, Inc. Network Autonomous Wireless Location System
US20100287011A1 (en) 2007-11-13 2010-11-11 Martec Corporation Method and System of Location-Based Game for Improving Mobile Operator's Profit
US7835328B2 (en) 2002-09-13 2010-11-16 Strix Systems, Inc. Network access points using multiple devices
US20100290355A1 (en) 2009-05-18 2010-11-18 Sumit Roy Achieving Quality of Service in a Wireless Local Area Network
US7848765B2 (en) 2005-05-27 2010-12-07 Where, Inc. Location-based services
US20100311480A1 (en) 2009-01-06 2010-12-09 Raines Jeremy K Intelligent signal booster
US20100309752A1 (en) 2009-06-08 2010-12-09 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Method and device of measuring location, and moving object
US20100311472A1 (en) 2009-06-09 2010-12-09 Ahmadreza Rofougaran Method and system for an integrated voltage controlled oscillator-based transmitter and on-chip power distribution network
US20100309049A1 (en) 2009-06-05 2010-12-09 Nokia Corporation Directional data distribution
US7853234B2 (en) 2006-12-06 2010-12-14 Broadcom Corporation RFIC with high power PA
US20100317371A1 (en) 2009-06-12 2010-12-16 Westerinen William J Context-based interaction model for mobile devices
US20100329161A1 (en) 2007-10-02 2010-12-30 Nokia Corporation IP MTU Control Based on Multiradio Schedule
US20100329166A1 (en) 1993-08-03 2010-12-30 Mahany Ronald L System and method for controlling communication in a multi-network environment
US7864673B2 (en) 2005-05-24 2011-01-04 At&T Mobility Ii Llc Dynamic dual-mode service access control, location-based billing, and E911 mechanisms
US7870321B2 (en) 2008-02-06 2011-01-11 Broadcom Corporation Extended computing unit with stand-alone application
US20110021224A1 (en) 2007-10-01 2011-01-27 Nokia Corporation Simple distributed coodination among cells to achieve efficient dynamic single-frequency network (sfn) operation
US20110019999A1 (en) 2009-07-24 2011-01-27 Jacob George Location Tracking Using Fiber Optic Array Cables and Related Systems and Methods
US20110021146A1 (en) 2007-10-19 2011-01-27 Nokia Corporation Radio access control utilizing quality of service access windows
US7881755B1 (en) 2005-05-26 2011-02-01 Marvell International Ltd. Wireless LAN power savings
US7881665B2 (en) 2005-03-11 2011-02-01 Innovision Research & Technology Plc Near field communications, NFC, communicators and NFC communications enabled devices
US20110028161A1 (en) 2009-07-30 2011-02-03 Extenet Systems, Inc. Real-Time Location Determination For In-Building Distributed Antenna Systems
WO2011017700A1 (en) 2009-08-07 2011-02-10 Corning Cable Systems Llc Apparatuses, systems, and methods for determining location of a mobile device(s) in a distributed antenna system(s)
US20110035284A1 (en) 2009-08-06 2011-02-10 Mehran Moshfeghi Location-aware content and location-based advertising with a mobile device
US20110050501A1 (en) 2009-08-31 2011-03-03 Daniel Aljadeff Location system and method with a fiber optic link
US7903029B2 (en) 1996-09-09 2011-03-08 Tracbeam Llc Wireless location routing applications and architecture therefor
US7907972B2 (en) 2001-05-16 2011-03-15 Qualcomm Incorporated Method and apparatus for allocating downlink resources in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication system
US20110065450A1 (en) 2009-09-14 2011-03-17 Muhammad Ali Kazmi Method and Apparatus for Location Fingerprinting
US20110068981A1 (en) 2009-09-18 2011-03-24 TEECOM Design Group Apparatus and Method for Constructing and Utilizing a Beacon Location Database
US20110071785A1 (en) 2008-05-02 2011-03-24 Thomas Peter Heath Motion smoothing in 3-d position sensing apparatus
US20110071734A1 (en) 2009-09-23 2011-03-24 Ford Global Technologies, Llc System and method for remotely controlling vehicle components from a nomadic communication device or computer
US20110069668A1 (en) 2009-04-28 2011-03-24 Zte (Usa) Inc. Dedicated Acknowledgement and Delivery of Management Messages in Wireless Communication Systems
US7916066B1 (en) 2006-04-27 2011-03-29 Josef Osterweil Method and apparatus for a body position monitor and fall detector using radar
US20110086614A1 (en) 2009-10-09 2011-04-14 At&T Mobility Ii Llc Regulation of service in restricted telecommunication service area
US20110116572A1 (en) 2008-07-17 2011-05-19 Moon Il Lee Method and apparatus for transmitting reference signal in multiple antenna system
US7949364B2 (en) 2006-10-03 2011-05-24 Nokia Corporation System for managing radio modems
US20110126071A1 (en) 2008-08-11 2011-05-26 Seung Hee Han Method and apparatus of transmitting information in wireless communication system
US20110124347A1 (en) 2009-09-15 2011-05-26 Byron Hua Chen Method And Apparatus for UE Positioning in LTE Networks
US7952512B1 (en) 2008-10-14 2011-05-31 Sprint Communications Company L.P. Mobile device enabled radar tags
US7957777B1 (en) 2005-07-12 2011-06-07 Marvell International Ltd. Wake on wireless LAN schemes
US20110149879A1 (en) 2009-12-23 2011-06-23 At&T Mobility Ii Llc Chromatic scheduler for network traffic with disparate service requirements
US7969009B2 (en) 2008-06-30 2011-06-28 Qualcomm Incorporated Through silicon via bridge interconnect
US7970648B2 (en) 2001-04-27 2011-06-28 Accenture Global Services Limited Advertising campaign and business listing management for a location-based services system
US20110158298A1 (en) 2009-12-30 2011-06-30 Silicon Laboratories, Inc. Tuner circuit with an inter-chip transmitter and method of providing an inter-chip link frame
US20110159876A1 (en) 2009-12-29 2011-06-30 Trueposition, Inc. Cooperating Receiver Selection for UMTS Wireless Location
US20110159891A1 (en) 2009-12-29 2011-06-30 Trueposition, Inc. Cooperating Receiver Selection for UMTS Wireless Location
US20110171912A1 (en) 2010-01-08 2011-07-14 Andrew, Llc System and Method for Mobile Location By Proximity Detection
US20110171946A1 (en) 2004-10-26 2011-07-14 Honeywell International Inc. Mobile telephone with inertial sensor
US20110182230A1 (en) 2008-09-04 2011-07-28 Michael Ohm Systems and method for providing in-flight broadband mobile communication services
US7990925B2 (en) 2007-05-30 2011-08-02 Qualcomm Incorporated Method and apparatus for communication handoff
WO2011091859A1 (en) 2010-02-01 2011-08-04 Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) Indoor cellular network with position information of a mobile device
US7996281B2 (en) 2004-12-17 2011-08-09 International Business Machines Corporation Tiered on-demand location-based tracking service and infrastructure
US7996020B1 (en) 2006-12-28 2011-08-09 Marvell International Ltd. Locating a WLAN station using signal propagation delay
US20110194475A1 (en) 2010-02-10 2011-08-11 Broadcom Corporation Preamble and header bit allocation for power savings within multiple user, multiple access, and/or MIMO wireless communications
US20110201368A1 (en) 2010-02-12 2011-08-18 Pier Faccin Distributed antenna system for mimo communications
US20110204504A1 (en) 2010-02-23 2011-08-25 Qualcomm Incorporated Reducing Susceptibility to Electrostatic Discharge Damage during Die-To-Die Bonding for 3-D Packaged Integrated Circuits
US20110211439A1 (en) 2010-02-26 2011-09-01 Qualcomm Incorporated QUALITY OF SERVICE (QoS) ACQUISITION AND PROVISIONING WITHIN A WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM
US20110210843A1 (en) 2010-03-01 2011-09-01 Andrew Llc System and method for location of mobile devices in confined environments
US20110215901A1 (en) 2010-03-08 2011-09-08 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Method and system for enabling an authorized vehicle driveaway
US20110222434A1 (en) 2010-03-10 2011-09-15 Fujitsu Limited Method and Apparatus for Deploying a Wireless Network
US20110222415A1 (en) 2010-03-15 2011-09-15 Fujitsu Limited Method and system for implementing link adaptation based on mobility
US20110222619A1 (en) 2010-03-15 2011-09-15 Fujitsu Limited Method and system for implementing link adaptation based on an application profile
US20110227795A1 (en) 2009-05-13 2011-09-22 Norberto Lopez Antenna structures
WO2011123336A1 (en) 2010-03-31 2011-10-06 Corning Cable Systems Llc Localization services in optical fiber-based distributed communications components and systems, and related methods
US8036308B2 (en) 2007-02-28 2011-10-11 Broadcom Corporation Method and system for a wideband polar transmitter
US20110256878A1 (en) 2010-04-12 2011-10-20 Fujitsu Limited Method and Apparatus for Adjusting Bandwidth Allocations in a Wireless Network
US20110268452A1 (en) 2010-05-02 2011-11-03 Beamon Hubert B Digital data services and/or power distribution in optical fiber-based distributed communications systems providing digital data and radio frequency (rf) communications services, and related components and methods
US20110268446A1 (en) 2010-05-02 2011-11-03 Cune William P Providing digital data services in optical fiber-based distributed radio frequency (rf) communications systems, and related components and methods
US20110268033A1 (en) 2008-12-30 2011-11-03 Telecom Italia S.P.A Method for distributed mobile communications, corresponding system and computer program product
US20110274021A1 (en) 2010-05-07 2011-11-10 Qualcomm Incorporated Detecting a wlan signal using a bluetooth receiver during bluetooth scan activity
US20110279445A1 (en) 2010-05-16 2011-11-17 Nokia Corporation Method and apparatus for presenting location-based content
US20110281536A1 (en) 2009-01-30 2011-11-17 Moon Il Lee Apparatus and method for transmitting a reference signal in a radio communication system
US8073565B2 (en) 2000-06-07 2011-12-06 Apple Inc. System and method for alerting a first mobile data processing system nearby a second mobile data processing system
US8072381B1 (en) 2009-04-30 2011-12-06 Cellco Partnership Location determination in a wireless network
US8082096B2 (en) 2001-05-22 2011-12-20 Tracbeam Llc Wireless location routing applications and architecture therefor
US8081923B1 (en) 2007-02-13 2011-12-20 Extenet Systems Inc. Method and apparatus for providing location services for a distributed network
US8082353B2 (en) 2008-05-13 2011-12-20 At&T Mobility Ii Llc Reciprocal addition of attribute fields in access control lists and profiles for femto cell coverage management
US8086192B2 (en) 2009-03-03 2011-12-27 Broadcom Corporation Method and system for power control with optimum power efficiency with a multi-port distributed antenna
US8090383B1 (en) 2004-02-17 2012-01-03 Emigh Aaron T Method and system for charging for a service based on time spent at a facility
US20120028649A1 (en) 2010-07-30 2012-02-02 Qualcomm Incorporated Methods and apparatuses for use in determining that a mobile station is at one or more particular indoor regions
US8111998B2 (en) 2007-02-06 2012-02-07 Corning Cable Systems Llc Transponder systems and methods for radio-over-fiber (RoF) wireless picocellular systems
US20120039320A1 (en) 2010-09-14 2012-02-16 Dali Systems Co., Ltd. Remotely Reconfigurable Distributed Antenna System and Methods
US20120046049A1 (en) 2009-07-21 2012-02-23 Kota Enterprises, Llc Secondary indications of user locations and use thereof by a location-based service
US20120058775A1 (en) 2000-06-02 2012-03-08 Tracbeam Llc Services and applications for a communications network
US8135413B2 (en) 1998-11-24 2012-03-13 Tracbeam Llc Platform and applications for wireless location and other complex services
US20120065926A1 (en) 2010-09-14 2012-03-15 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd Integrated motion sensing apparatus
US20120072106A1 (en) 2010-07-21 2012-03-22 Korea Advanced Institute Of Science And Technology Location based service system and method for performing indoor navigation
US20120084177A1 (en) 2010-09-30 2012-04-05 Ebay Inc. Location based transactions
US20120081248A1 (en) 2010-09-30 2012-04-05 Kennedy Joseph P System and method for robust navigation and geolocation using measurements of opportunity
US20120087212A1 (en) 2010-10-08 2012-04-12 Harry Vartanian Apparatus and method for providing indoor location or position determination of object devices using building information and/or powerlines
US20120095779A1 (en) 2010-10-13 2012-04-19 Wengrovitz Michael S Method and apparatus for providing location-based data and services in healthcare environments
US20120108258A1 (en) 2010-10-27 2012-05-03 Qualcomm Innovation Center, Inc. Method, Device, and System for Obtaining a Mobile Computing Device Location
US8175649B2 (en) 2008-06-20 2012-05-08 Corning Mobileaccess Ltd Method and system for real time control of an active antenna over a distributed antenna system
US20120130632A1 (en) 2007-08-06 2012-05-24 Amrit Bandyopadhyay System and method for locating, tracking, and/or monitoring the status of personnel and/or assets both indoors and outdoors
US20120135755A1 (en) 2010-11-25 2012-05-31 Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute Apparatus and method for providing contents services
US20120158297A1 (en) 2010-12-20 2012-06-21 Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute Indoor location recognition system and indoor location recognition method using the same
US20120158509A1 (en) 2010-12-15 2012-06-21 Poynt Corporation Price Formation in Location-Based Advertising Networks
US20120179549A1 (en) 2011-01-06 2012-07-12 TotalPaas, Inc. Method and system for delivering location-based advertising messages
US20120179548A1 (en) 2011-01-11 2012-07-12 Sun yun-ting Methods and systems for providing location-based promotions on a user interface of a widget based on its current location
US20120179561A1 (en) 2011-01-11 2012-07-12 Sun yun-ting Interactive location-based service system and method of the same
US20120196626A1 (en) 2001-03-19 2012-08-02 Accenture Global Services Limited Mobile valet
US20120215438A1 (en) 2010-07-09 2012-08-23 Zte Corporation System and method for acquiring statistics of navigation information
US20120221392A1 (en) 2006-07-18 2012-08-30 American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. Systems and methods for providing location based coupon-less offers to registered card members
US20120232917A1 (en) 2011-03-09 2012-09-13 Kuwait University System and method for wireless reservation and ordering from a mobile device
US20120243469A1 (en) 2011-03-21 2012-09-27 Philippe Klein In-house location based services
US20120303455A1 (en) 2007-04-08 2012-11-29 Enhanced Geographic Llc Systems and Methods to Deliver Digital Location-Based Content to a Visitor at a Physical Business Location
US20120310836A1 (en) 2005-07-05 2012-12-06 mConfirm, Ltd. Location based authentication system
US20120309336A1 (en) 2011-05-31 2012-12-06 Fujitsu Limited Information processing apparatus and correction method
US20130006849A1 (en) 2011-06-28 2013-01-03 Cambridge Silicon Radio Limited Location based services
US20130006663A1 (en) 2011-06-29 2013-01-03 Mckesson Specialty Arizona Inc. Location-based services for patients
US20130036012A1 (en) 2011-08-01 2013-02-07 Lin Mao-Hsi Location-based service system
US20130040654A1 (en) 2011-08-12 2013-02-14 Disney Enterprises, Inc., A Delaware Corporation Location-based automated check-in to a social network recognized location using a token
US20130041761A1 (en) 2011-04-07 2013-02-14 Jeffrey Allen Voda Location based advertising asset tracking system and method
US20130046691A1 (en) 2011-08-15 2013-02-21 Ebay, Inc. Location-based service payment and setup
US20130045758A1 (en) 2011-08-19 2013-02-21 Qualcomm Incorporated Peer device supported location-based service provider check-in
US20130066821A1 (en) 2011-03-04 2013-03-14 Foursquare Labs, Inc. System and method for providing recommendations with a location-based service
US20130073377A1 (en) 2011-09-15 2013-03-21 Stephan HEATH Mobile device system and method providing 3d geo-target location-based mobile commerce searching/purchases, discounts/coupons products, goods, and services, and social networking
US20130073388A1 (en) 2011-09-15 2013-03-21 Stephan HEATH System and method for using impressions tracking and analysis, location information, 2d and 3d mapping, mobile mapping, social media, and user behavior and information for generating mobile and internet posted promotions or offers for, and/or sales of, products and/or services
US20130073422A1 (en) 2011-03-04 2013-03-21 Justin Moore System and method for providing recommendations with a location-based service
US20130073336A1 (en) 2011-09-15 2013-03-21 Stephan HEATH System and method for using global location information, 2d and 3d mapping, social media, and user behavior and information for a consumer feedback social media analytics platform for providing analytic measfurements data of online consumer feedback for global brand products or services of past, present, or future customers, users or target markets
US20130080578A1 (en) 2011-09-28 2013-03-28 Roy Murad System and method for location-based content delivery
US20130084859A1 (en) 2011-06-03 2013-04-04 Sanjar Azar Exchange of Information Via WIFI Infrastructure Using Wireless Devices
US20130116922A1 (en) 2011-11-08 2013-05-09 Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. Emergency guiding system, server and portable device using augmented reality
US8442556B2 (en) 2010-12-13 2013-05-14 Verizon Patent And Licensing Inc. Detecting mobile device usage within wireless networks
US20130131972A1 (en) 2011-11-18 2013-05-23 Microsoft Corporation Computing-device localization based on inertial sensors
US20130157664A1 (en) 2010-08-31 2013-06-20 Bruce Cinkai Chow Broadband Wireless Mobile Communications System With Distributed Antenna System Using Interleaving Intra-Cell Handovers
US20130281125A1 (en) 2012-04-24 2013-10-24 Corning Cable Systems Llc Location based services in a distributed communication system, and related components and methods
US8570914B2 (en) 2010-08-09 2013-10-29 Corning Cable Systems Llc Apparatuses, systems, and methods for determining location of a mobile device(s) in a distributed antenna system(s)
US20130314210A1 (en) 2012-05-22 2013-11-28 Trimble Navigation Limited Multi-modal entity tracking and display
US20130322415A1 (en) 2012-05-31 2013-12-05 Aravind Chamarti Location tracking for mobile terminals and related components, systems, and methods
US20130322214A1 (en) 2012-05-29 2013-12-05 Corning Cable Systems Llc Ultrasound-based localization of client devices in distributed communication systems, and related devices, systems, and methods
US8604909B1 (en) 2007-01-20 2013-12-10 Centrak, Inc. Methods and systems for synchronized ultrasonic real time location
US20140050482A1 (en) 2011-04-29 2014-02-20 Corning Cable Systems Llc Determining propagation delay of communications in distributed antenna systems, and related components, systems, and methods
US20140112667A1 (en) 2011-08-25 2014-04-24 Corning Cable Systems Llc Systems, components, and methods for providing location services for mobile/wireless client devices in distributed antenna systems using additional signal propagation delay
US20140180581A1 (en) 2012-12-21 2014-06-26 Corning Mobileaccess Ltd. Systems, methods, and devices for documenting a location of installed equipment
US8774843B2 (en) 2011-04-29 2014-07-08 Disney Enterprises, Inc. System and method for managing location services in wireless networks
US20140233548A1 (en) 2011-07-10 2014-08-21 Alvarion Ltd. Method and system for managing a wireless network comprising a distributed antenna system (das)
US20150005005A1 (en) 2012-03-30 2015-01-01 Corning Optical Communications LLC Location tracking for mobile terminals and related components and methods
US20150087329A1 (en) 2013-09-26 2015-03-26 Adc Telecommunications, Inc. Systems and methods for location determination
US20150317557A1 (en) 2014-05-01 2015-11-05 Qualcomm Incorporated Temporal spike encoding for temporal learning

Patent Citations (487)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2628312A (en) 1949-05-24 1953-02-10 Rca Corp Receiving station antenna distribution system
US3848254A (en) 1971-07-28 1974-11-12 Siemens Ag Method for locating vehicles
US3986182A (en) 1974-03-27 1976-10-12 Sontrix, Inc. Multi-zone intrusion detection system
US4167738A (en) 1977-06-27 1979-09-11 Dennis Kirkendall Antenna mounted tuning indicator
US5726984A (en) 1989-01-31 1998-03-10 Norand Corporation Hierarchical data collection network supporting packetized voice communications among wireless terminals and telephones
US5790536A (en) 1989-01-31 1998-08-04 Norand Corporation Hierarchical communication system providing intelligent data, program and processing migration
US4935746A (en) 1989-05-26 1990-06-19 Wells Donald H Efficiency monitoring antenna
US7366151B2 (en) 1990-01-18 2008-04-29 Broadcom Corporation Hierarchical data collection network supporting packetized voice communications among wireless terminals and telephones
US5206655A (en) 1990-03-09 1993-04-27 Alcatel Espace High-yield active printed-circuit antenna system for frequency-hopping space radar
US5257407A (en) 1990-09-20 1993-10-26 Motorola, Inc. Automatic antenna coupler fault detector and indicator
US5513176A (en) 1990-12-07 1996-04-30 Qualcomm Incorporated Dual distributed antenna system
US5396224A (en) 1991-11-22 1995-03-07 Hewlett-Packard Company Telemetered patient location system and method
US7113780B2 (en) 1992-03-06 2006-09-26 Aircell, Inc. System for integrating an airborne wireless cellular network with terrestrial wireless cellular networks and the public switched telephone network
US5339259A (en) 1992-07-10 1994-08-16 Northrop Grumman Corporation High speed high resolution ultrasonic position and orientation tracker
US20100329166A1 (en) 1993-08-03 2010-12-30 Mahany Ronald L System and method for controlling communication in a multi-network environment
US5615132A (en) 1994-01-21 1997-03-25 Crossbow Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for determining position and orientation of a moveable object using accelerometers
EP1347584A2 (en) 1994-03-21 2003-09-24 XIRCOM Wireless, Inc. PCS pocket phone/microcell communication over-air protocol
US7924783B1 (en) 1994-05-06 2011-04-12 Broadcom Corporation Hierarchical communications system
WO1996003823A1 (en) 1994-07-22 1996-02-08 Norand Corporation Hierarchical communication system providing intelligent data, program and processing migration
US5544173A (en) 1994-08-18 1996-08-06 International Business Machines Corporation Delay test coverage without additional dummy latches in a scan-based test design
US5602903A (en) 1994-09-28 1997-02-11 Us West Technologies, Inc. Positioning system and method
EP0732827A2 (en) 1995-03-17 1996-09-18 Nec Corporation Optical fiber network system
US7969911B2 (en) 1995-06-07 2011-06-28 Broadcom Corporation Hierarchical communication system providing intelligent data, program and processing migration
US20110007724A1 (en) 1995-06-07 2011-01-13 Mahany Ronald L Hierarchical communication system providing intelligent data, program and processing migration
US20090252136A1 (en) 1995-06-07 2009-10-08 Broadcom Corporation System and method for efficiently routing information
US20090022304A1 (en) 1995-10-05 2009-01-22 Kubler Joseph J Hierarchical Data Collection Network Supporting Packetized Voice Communications Among Wireless Terminals and Telephones
US7460507B2 (en) 1995-10-05 2008-12-02 Broadcom Corporation Hierarchical data collection network supporting packetized voice communications among wireless terminals and telephones
US6961312B2 (en) 1995-10-05 2005-11-01 Broadcom Corporation Hierarchical data collection network supporting packetized voice communications among wireless terminals and telephones
US8018907B2 (en) 1995-10-05 2011-09-13 Broadcom Corporation Hierarchical data collection network supporting packetized voice communications among wireless terminals and telephones
US7697467B2 (en) 1995-10-05 2010-04-13 Broadcom Corporation Hierarchical data collection network supporting packetized voice communications among wireless terminals and telephones
US7715375B2 (en) 1995-10-05 2010-05-11 Broadcom Corporation Hierarchical data collection network supporting packetized voice communications among wireless terminals and telephones
US20100080182A1 (en) 1995-10-05 2010-04-01 Kubler Joseph J Hierarchical data collection network supporting packetized voice communications among wireless terminals and telephones
US7688811B2 (en) 1995-10-05 2010-03-30 Broadcom Corporation Hierarchical data collection network supporting packetized voice communications among wireless terminals and telephones
US7586861B2 (en) 1995-10-05 2009-09-08 Broadcom Corporation Hierarchical data collection network supporting packetized voice communications among wireless terminals and telephones
US20100118864A1 (en) 1995-10-05 2010-05-13 Kubler Joseph J Hierarchical Data Collection Network Supporting Packetized Voice Communications Among Wireless Terminals And Telephones
US7760703B2 (en) 1995-10-05 2010-07-20 Broadcom Corporation Hierarchical data collection network supporting packetized voice communications among wireless terminals and telephones
US6850510B2 (en) 1995-10-05 2005-02-01 Broadcom Corporation Hierarchical data collection network supporting packetized voice communications among wireless terminals and telephones
US7142535B2 (en) 1995-10-05 2006-11-28 Broadcom Corporation Hierarchical data collection network supporting packetized voice communications among wireless terminals and telephones
US7646743B2 (en) 1995-10-05 2010-01-12 Broadcom Corporation Hierarchical data collection network supporting packetized voice communications among wireless terminals and telephones
US6389010B1 (en) 1995-10-05 2002-05-14 Intermec Ip Corp. Hierarchical data collection network supporting packetized voice communications among wireless terminals and telephones
US7768951B2 (en) 1995-10-05 2010-08-03 Broadcom Corporation Hierarchical data collection network supporting packetized voice communications among wireless terminals and telephones
US7633934B2 (en) 1995-10-05 2009-12-15 Broadcom Corporation Hierarchical data collection network supporting packetized voice communications among wireless terminals and telephones
US7936713B2 (en) 1995-10-05 2011-05-03 Broadcom Corporation Hierarchical data collection network supporting packetized voice communications among wireless terminals and telephones
US20040165573A1 (en) 1995-10-05 2004-08-26 Kubler Joseph J. Hierarchical data collection network supporting packetized voice communications among wireless terminals and telephones
US7580384B2 (en) 1995-10-05 2009-08-25 Broadcom Corporation Hierarchical data collection network supporting packetized voice communications among wireless terminals and telephones
US20100232323A1 (en) 1995-10-05 2010-09-16 Kubler Joseph J Hierarchical data collection network supporting packetized voice communications among wireless terminals and telephones
US7848316B2 (en) 1995-10-05 2010-12-07 Broadcom Corporation Hierarchical data collection network supporting packetized voice communications among wireless terminals and telephones
US7920553B2 (en) 1995-10-05 2011-04-05 Broadcom Corporation Hierarchical data collection network supporting packetized voice communications among wireless terminals and telephones
US20090059903A1 (en) 1995-10-05 2009-03-05 Kubler Joseph J Hierarchical data collection network supporting packetized voice communications among wireless terminals and telephones
US7916706B2 (en) 1995-10-05 2011-03-29 Broadcom Corporation Hierarchical data collection network supporting packetized voice communications among wireless terminals and telephones
US7912043B2 (en) 1995-10-05 2011-03-22 Broadcom Corporation Hierarchical data collection network supporting packetized voice communications among wireless terminals and telephones
US20040146020A1 (en) 1995-10-05 2004-07-29 Kubler Joseph J. Hierarchical data collection network supporting packetized voice communications among wireless terminals and telephones
US20040160912A1 (en) 1995-10-05 2004-08-19 Kubler Joseph J. Hierarchical data collection network supporting packetized voice communication among wireless terminals and telephones
US20040160913A1 (en) 1995-10-05 2004-08-19 Kubler Joseph J. Hierarchical data collection network supporting packetized voice communications among wireless terminals and telephones
US7899007B2 (en) 1995-10-05 2011-03-01 Broadcom Corporation Hierarchical data collection network supporting packetized voice communications among wireless terminals and telephones
US7894423B2 (en) 1995-10-05 2011-02-22 Broadcom Corporation Hierarchical data collection network supporting packetized voice communications among wireless terminals and telephones
US20100260063A1 (en) 1995-10-05 2010-10-14 Kubler Joseph J Hierarchical Data Collection Network Supporting Packetized Voice Communications Among Wireless Terminals And Telephones
US20110007733A1 (en) 1995-10-05 2011-01-13 Kubler Joseph J Hierarchical Data Collection Network Supporting Packetized Voice Communications Among Wireless Terminals And Telephones
US20040151164A1 (en) 1995-10-05 2004-08-05 Kubler Joseph J. Hierarchical data collection network supporting packetized voice communications among wireless terminals and telephones
US20060092880A1 (en) 1996-01-18 2006-05-04 Katsuya Nounin Radio communication system
US6011962A (en) 1996-05-07 2000-01-04 Fuba Automotive Gmbh Circuit for testing the function of mobile receiving installations
US6580905B1 (en) 1996-07-02 2003-06-17 Ericsson Inc. System and method for controlling the level of signals output to transmission media in a distributed antenna network
US6128470A (en) 1996-07-18 2000-10-03 Ericsson Inc. System and method for reducing cumulative noise in a distributed antenna network
US20040179852A1 (en) 1996-07-19 2004-09-16 Microwave Photonics, Inc. Telecommunications system
US6731880B2 (en) 1996-07-19 2004-05-04 Microwave Photonics, Inc. Telecommunications system
US5873040A (en) 1996-08-13 1999-02-16 International Business Machines Corporation Wireless 911 emergency location
US6330244B1 (en) 1996-09-05 2001-12-11 Jerome Swartz System for digital radio communication between a wireless lan and a PBX
US6236365B1 (en) 1996-09-09 2001-05-22 Tracbeam, Llc Location of a mobile station using a plurality of commercial wireless infrastructures
US8032153B2 (en) 1996-09-09 2011-10-04 Tracbeam Llc Multiple location estimators for wireless location
US6249252B1 (en) 1996-09-09 2001-06-19 Tracbeam Llc Wireless location using multiple location estimators
US7903029B2 (en) 1996-09-09 2011-03-08 Tracbeam Llc Wireless location routing applications and architecture therefor
US7525484B2 (en) 1996-09-09 2009-04-28 Tracbeam Llc Gateway and hybrid solutions for wireless location
US7764231B1 (en) 1996-09-09 2010-07-27 Tracbeam Llc Wireless location using multiple mobile station location techniques
US20060025158A1 (en) 1996-09-09 2006-02-02 Leblanc Frederick W Locating a mobile station and applications therefor
US7298327B2 (en) 1996-09-09 2007-11-20 Tracbeam Llc Geographic location using multiple location estimators
US20100234045A1 (en) 1996-09-09 2010-09-16 Tracbeam Llc System and method for hybriding wireless location techniques
US6952181B2 (en) 1996-09-09 2005-10-04 Tracbeam, Llc Locating a mobile station using a plurality of wireless networks and applications therefor
US20110244887A1 (en) 1996-09-09 2011-10-06 Tracbeam Llc Locating a mobile station and applications therefor
US20080167049A1 (en) 1996-09-09 2008-07-10 Tracbeam Llc Wireless location using signal fingerprinting and other location estimators
US5969837A (en) 1996-12-15 1999-10-19 Foxcom Wireless Ltd. Communications system
CN1242911A (en) 1996-12-15 2000-01-26 福克斯柯姆无线通讯有限公司 Wireless communications station and system
US6222503B1 (en) 1997-01-10 2001-04-24 William Gietema System and method of integrating and concealing antennas, antenna subsystems and communications subsystems
US6314163B1 (en) 1997-01-17 2001-11-06 The Regents Of The University Of California Hybrid universal broadband telecommunications using small radio cells interconnected by free-space optical links
US6253067B1 (en) 1997-06-27 2001-06-26 Nec Corporation Transmitter/receiver having an antenna failure detection system
EP1005774B1 (en) 1997-08-18 2007-03-21 Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson (publ) Method and system for determining the position of mobile radio terminals
US7714778B2 (en) 1997-08-20 2010-05-11 Tracbeam Llc Wireless location gateway and applications therefor
US6108536A (en) 1997-10-23 2000-08-22 Qualcomm Inc. System and method for displaying performance characteristics of a cell site modem
CN1222007A (en) 1997-12-31 1999-07-07 中国人民解放军信息工程学院 SW multiradio share antenna isolating coupling system
US6323980B1 (en) 1998-03-05 2001-11-27 Air Fiber, Inc. Hybrid picocell communication system
US7395181B2 (en) 1998-04-17 2008-07-01 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Motion tracking system
WO1999053838A1 (en) 1998-04-17 1999-10-28 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Motion tracking system
US6195561B1 (en) 1998-07-03 2001-02-27 Tunnel Radio Of America, Inc. Antenna system for two-way UHF underground radio system
US6452915B1 (en) 1998-07-10 2002-09-17 Malibu Networks, Inc. IP-flow classification in a wireless point to multi-point (PTMP) transmission system
US6657535B1 (en) 1998-08-31 2003-12-02 Hawkeye Global, Inc. System for signaling a device at a remote location
US20060136544A1 (en) * 1998-10-02 2006-06-22 Beepcard, Inc. Computer communications using acoustic signals
US6178334B1 (en) 1998-11-17 2001-01-23 Hughes Electronics Corporation Cellular/PCS network with distributed-RF base station
US20030146871A1 (en) 1998-11-24 2003-08-07 Tracbeam Llc Wireless location using signal direction and time difference of arrival
US8135413B2 (en) 1998-11-24 2012-03-13 Tracbeam Llc Platform and applications for wireless location and other complex services
US6046838A (en) 1998-12-22 2000-04-04 Kestrel Solutions, Inc. Automatic bias control for electro-optic modulators
US6615074B2 (en) 1998-12-22 2003-09-02 University Of Pittsburgh Of The Commonwealth System Of Higher Education Apparatus for energizing a remote station and related method
US6405018B1 (en) 1999-01-11 2002-06-11 Metawave Communications Corporation Indoor distributed microcell
US7053838B2 (en) 1999-04-26 2006-05-30 Andrew Corporation Antenna structure and installation
US6437577B1 (en) 1999-05-22 2002-08-20 Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd. Circuit to test the working of at least one antenna
US6317599B1 (en) 1999-05-26 2001-11-13 Wireless Valley Communications, Inc. Method and system for automated optimization of antenna positioning in 3-D
US6218979B1 (en) 1999-06-14 2001-04-17 Time Domain Corporation Wide area time domain radar array
US6900732B2 (en) 1999-09-27 2005-05-31 Time Domain Corp. System and method for monitoring assets, objects, people and animals utilizing impulse radio
US6658269B1 (en) 1999-10-01 2003-12-02 Raytheon Company Wireless communications system
US6518916B1 (en) 1999-10-19 2003-02-11 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Object recognition apparatus
US7072586B2 (en) 1999-12-28 2006-07-04 Ntt Docomo, Inc. Radio base station system and central control station with unified transmission format
EP1124211A2 (en) 2000-02-08 2001-08-16 General Electric Company Wireless telemetry system integrated with a broadband network
US20010022782A1 (en) 2000-02-18 2001-09-20 Ville Steudle Reducing interference in inter-frequency measurement
US20120058775A1 (en) 2000-06-02 2012-03-08 Tracbeam Llc Services and applications for a communications network
US8073565B2 (en) 2000-06-07 2011-12-06 Apple Inc. System and method for alerting a first mobile data processing system nearby a second mobile data processing system
US20100061291A1 (en) 2000-07-19 2010-03-11 Adc Telecommunications, Inc. Point-to-multipoint digital radio frequency transport
US7129886B2 (en) 2000-09-14 2006-10-31 Time Domain Corp. System and method for detecting an intruder using impulse radio technology
US6490439B1 (en) 2000-10-04 2002-12-03 3Com Corporation Lighted antenna for transceiver device
US20040022215A1 (en) 2000-12-12 2004-02-05 Yasuhide Okuhata Diversity receiver, and method for receiving orthogonal frequency division multiplex signal
US20020123365A1 (en) 2000-12-31 2002-09-05 Thorson Walter R. Scalable base station architecture
US20120196626A1 (en) 2001-03-19 2012-08-02 Accenture Global Services Limited Mobile valet
US6771933B1 (en) 2001-03-26 2004-08-03 Lgc Wireless, Inc. Wireless deployment of bluetooth access points using a distributed antenna architecture
US20040102196A1 (en) 2001-04-06 2004-05-27 Mikko Weckstrom Location method and system
US6876056B2 (en) 2001-04-19 2005-04-05 Interuniversitair Microelektronica Centrum (Imec) Method and system for fabrication of integrated tunable/switchable passive microwave and millimeter wave modules
US6842433B2 (en) 2001-04-24 2005-01-11 Wideray Corporation System and method for communicating information from a computerized distributor to portable computing devices
WO2002087275A2 (en) 2001-04-24 2002-10-31 Qualcomm Incorporated Method and apparatus for estimating the position of a terminal based on identification codes for transmission sources
US7860519B2 (en) 2001-04-27 2010-12-28 Accenture Global Services Limited Location-based services system
US7698228B2 (en) 2001-04-27 2010-04-13 Accenture Llp Tracking purchases in a location-based services system
US7970648B2 (en) 2001-04-27 2011-06-28 Accenture Global Services Limited Advertising campaign and business listing management for a location-based services system
US20050102180A1 (en) 2001-04-27 2005-05-12 Accenture Llp Passive mining of usage information in a location-based services system
US20090258652A1 (en) 2001-05-02 2009-10-15 Thomas Lambert Cellular systems with distributed antennas
US7907972B2 (en) 2001-05-16 2011-03-15 Qualcomm Incorporated Method and apparatus for allocating downlink resources in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication system
US8082096B2 (en) 2001-05-22 2011-12-20 Tracbeam Llc Wireless location routing applications and architecture therefor
US20030083052A1 (en) 2001-06-27 2003-05-01 Seiko Epson Corporation Guidance information supply system, guidance information supply method, customer management system, customer management method and program for making computer implement the methods
US20030078074A1 (en) 2001-06-28 2003-04-24 Sesay Abu Bakarr Optical fiber based on wireless scheme for wideband multimedia access
US20040131025A1 (en) 2001-06-28 2004-07-08 Mischa Dohler Electronic data communication systems
US6889060B2 (en) 2001-06-28 2005-05-03 Telecommunications Research Laboratories Optical fiber based on wireless scheme for wideband multimedia access
US7035594B2 (en) 2001-07-02 2006-04-25 Qualcomm Inc. Method and apparatus for testing and evaluating wireless communication devices
US6963727B2 (en) 2001-07-26 2005-11-08 Time Domain Corporation Direct-path-signal detection apparatus and associated methods
US6580402B2 (en) 2001-07-26 2003-06-17 The Boeing Company Antenna integrated ceramic chip carrier for a phased array antenna
WO2003024027A1 (en) 2001-09-07 2003-03-20 Telia Ab (Publ) An interface for local area networks
US20080098203A1 (en) 2001-11-30 2008-04-24 Qst Holdings, Inc. Apparatus, method, system and executable module for configuration and operation of adaptive integrated circuitry havingf fixed, application specific computational elements
US6670930B2 (en) 2001-12-05 2003-12-30 The Boeing Company Antenna-integrated printed wiring board assembly for a phased array antenna system
US20040198386A1 (en) 2002-01-16 2004-10-07 Dupray Dennis J. Applications for a wireless location gateway
US20030142587A1 (en) 2002-01-25 2003-07-31 Zeitzew Michael A. System and method for navigation using two-way ultrasonic positioning
US20030157943A1 (en) 2002-01-29 2003-08-21 John Sabat Method and apparatus for auxiliary pilot signal for mobile phone location
US7146134B2 (en) 2002-02-09 2006-12-05 Dsp Group Inc. Apparatus and method for dynamic diversity based upon receiver-side assessment of link quality
US7199443B2 (en) 2002-02-22 2007-04-03 Arizona Board Of Regents, Acting On Behalf Of Arizona State University Integration of filters using on-chip transformers for RF and wireless applications
US6876945B2 (en) 2002-03-25 2005-04-05 Nicholas Jon Emord Seamless sensory system
US7015826B1 (en) 2002-04-02 2006-03-21 Digital Angel Corporation Method and apparatus for sensing and transmitting a body characteristic of a host
US7535796B2 (en) 2002-04-09 2009-05-19 Sonitor Technologies As System and method for position determination of objects
US7630690B2 (en) 2002-04-12 2009-12-08 Interdigital Technology Corp. Access burst detector correlator pool
US7451365B2 (en) 2002-05-13 2008-11-11 Weilin Wang System and method for identifying nodes in a wireless network
US20030220835A1 (en) 2002-05-23 2003-11-27 Barnes Melvin L. System, method, and computer program product for providing location based services and mobile e-commerce
US20070202844A1 (en) 2002-06-14 2007-08-30 Cingular Wireless Ii, Llc System for Providing Location-Based Services in a Wireless Network, such as Locating Individuals and Coordinating Meetings
US6782048B2 (en) 2002-06-21 2004-08-24 Pulse-Link, Inc. Ultra-wideband communication through a wired network
US6763226B1 (en) 2002-07-31 2004-07-13 Computer Science Central, Inc. Multifunctional world wide walkie talkie, a tri-frequency cellular-satellite wireless instant messenger computer and network for establishing global wireless volp quality of service (qos) communications, unified messaging, and video conferencing via the internet
US7050017B2 (en) 2002-08-14 2006-05-23 King Patrick F RFID tire belt antenna system and method
US7835328B2 (en) 2002-09-13 2010-11-16 Strix Systems, Inc. Network access points using multiple devices
US6983174B2 (en) 2002-09-18 2006-01-03 Andrew Corporation Distributed active transmit and/or receive antenna
US6906681B2 (en) 2002-09-27 2005-06-14 Andrew Corporation Multicarrier distributed active antenna
US7385384B2 (en) 2002-09-30 2008-06-10 Continental Automotive France Diagnosis method for an antenna connection
US7047028B2 (en) 2002-11-15 2006-05-16 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Optical fiber coupling configurations for a main-remote radio base station and a hybrid radio base station
US6928281B2 (en) 2002-12-12 2005-08-09 Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. Active antenna system with fault detection
US7024166B2 (en) 2002-12-18 2006-04-04 Qualcomm, Incorporated Transmission diversity systems
US7020473B2 (en) 2003-02-07 2006-03-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for finding the position of a subscriber in a radio communications system
EP1448008A1 (en) 2003-02-13 2004-08-18 Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson (publ) Indoor positioning of mobile terminals
US20040162084A1 (en) 2003-02-14 2004-08-19 Atheros Communications, Inc. Positioning with wireless local area networks and WLAN-aided global positioning systems
US20090046688A1 (en) 2003-03-06 2009-02-19 Volpi John P Method and System for Providing Broadband Multimedia Services
US20040175173A1 (en) 2003-03-07 2004-09-09 Sbc, Inc. Method and system for delivering broadband services over an ultrawide band radio system integrated with a passive optical network
US7324837B2 (en) 2003-03-19 2008-01-29 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. Base station apparatus of which installation is facilitated
US7421288B2 (en) 2003-05-02 2008-09-02 Fujitsu Limited Multi-antenna system and antenna unit
US20040235497A1 (en) 2003-05-19 2004-11-25 Board Of Control Of Michigan Technological University Wireless local positioning system
US20040246926A1 (en) 2003-06-06 2004-12-09 Meshnetworks, Inc. System and method for identifying the floor number where a firefighter in need of help is located using received signal strength indicator and signal propagation time
US20070172241A1 (en) 2003-06-09 2007-07-26 Samsung Electronics Co.;Ltd Apparatus for transmitting signals between ultra wideband networks
US20050003873A1 (en) 2003-07-01 2005-01-06 Netro Corporation Directional indicator for antennas
US7177623B2 (en) 2003-07-02 2007-02-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Localized cellular awareness and tracking of emergencies
US7646777B2 (en) 2003-07-07 2010-01-12 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Communication environment switchover
US20050020309A1 (en) 2003-07-21 2005-01-27 Mark Moeglein Method and apparatus for creating and using a base station almanac for position determination
US20060276202A1 (en) 2003-07-21 2006-12-07 Mark Moeglein Method and apparatus for creating and using a base station almanac for position determination
US20050143091A1 (en) 2003-09-02 2005-06-30 Yair Shapira Indoor location identification system
US7369526B2 (en) 2003-09-11 2008-05-06 The Kohl Group, Inc. Flexible transport system including support for bilateral user access
US7194275B2 (en) 2003-10-02 2007-03-20 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Position determination of mobile stations
US6919858B2 (en) 2003-10-10 2005-07-19 Broadcom, Corp. RF antenna coupling structure
WO2005060338A2 (en) 2003-12-12 2005-07-07 Abb Research Ltd. Method, device and system for programming a robot
US6909399B1 (en) 2003-12-31 2005-06-21 Symbol Technologies, Inc. Location system with calibration monitoring
US20050148306A1 (en) 2004-01-05 2005-07-07 Hiddink Gerrit W. Predictive method and apparatus for antenna selection in a wireless communication system
US20050147071A1 (en) 2004-01-05 2005-07-07 Jeyhan Karaoguz Multi-mode WLAN/PAN MAC
US20050153712A1 (en) 2004-01-08 2005-07-14 Ken Osaka Method and system for determining mobile unit location by aggregation of tagged signals from a distributed antenna system
US20060209752A1 (en) 2004-01-16 2006-09-21 Wijngaarden Adriaan Jeroen D L Method and apparatus for cellular communication over data networks
US7272359B2 (en) 2004-01-26 2007-09-18 Magnolia Broadband Inc. Communicating signals according to a quality indicator using multiple antenna elements
US8090383B1 (en) 2004-02-17 2012-01-03 Emigh Aaron T Method and system for charging for a service based on time spent at a facility
US7315735B2 (en) 2004-02-24 2008-01-01 P.G. Electronics Ltd. System and method for emergency 911 location detection
US20070004437A1 (en) 2004-03-08 2007-01-04 Hiroshi Harada Communicating system, communicating method, base station, and mobile station
US20070070812A1 (en) 2004-03-08 2007-03-29 Doug Hwal Lee Positioning system using ultrasonic waves and method for operating the same
US7084758B1 (en) 2004-03-19 2006-08-01 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Location-based reminders
US7512450B2 (en) 2004-03-25 2009-03-31 Siemens Building Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for generating a building system model
US7548833B2 (en) 2004-03-25 2009-06-16 Siemens Building Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for graphical display of a condition in a building system with a mobile display unit
US7542452B2 (en) 2004-04-09 2009-06-02 Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. Systems and methods for implementing an enhanced multi-channel direct link protocol between stations in a wireless LAN environment
US20050246094A1 (en) 2004-04-30 2005-11-03 Richard Moscatiello Smart space RFID system and method
US7359718B2 (en) 2004-04-30 2008-04-15 Hong Kong Applied Science And Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd. Location determination and location tracking in wireless networks
US20080280569A1 (en) 2004-05-06 2008-11-13 Serconet Ltd. System and Method for Carrying a Wireless Based Signal Over Wiring
US7233771B2 (en) 2004-05-13 2007-06-19 Widefi, Inc. Non-frequency translating repeater with downlink detection for uplink and downlink synchronization
US7336961B1 (en) 2004-06-04 2008-02-26 Sprint Spectrum L.P. Method and system for determining location of a mobile station within a distributed antenna system
US20050281213A1 (en) 2004-06-17 2005-12-22 Reuben Dohn Wireless network bridge with remote indicator circuit
US20060014548A1 (en) 2004-07-16 2006-01-19 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Determination of mobile terminal position
US20060033662A1 (en) 2004-07-27 2006-02-16 Ubisense Limited Location system
US20080310341A1 (en) 2004-07-28 2008-12-18 Nec Corporation Wireless Transmission System
US7599420B2 (en) 2004-07-30 2009-10-06 Rearden, Llc System and method for distributed input distributed output wireless communications
US20080134194A1 (en) 2004-08-13 2008-06-05 Utstarcim Telecom Co., Ltd. Method for Dynamic Resource Allocation in Centrailized Base Stations
US20090149221A1 (en) 2004-09-08 2009-06-11 Utstarcom Telecom Co., Ltd. Centralized base station system based on advanced telecommunication computer architecture platform
US7196656B2 (en) 2004-09-29 2007-03-27 Fujitsu Limited Apparatus for estimating direction of arrival of signal
US20070104164A1 (en) 2004-10-14 2007-05-10 Rajiv Laroia Methods and apparatus for determining, communicating and using information including loading factors which can be used for interference control purposes
US20110171946A1 (en) 2004-10-26 2011-07-14 Honeywell International Inc. Mobile telephone with inertial sensor
US7324476B2 (en) 2004-11-04 2008-01-29 International Business Machines Corporation Establishing user accounts for RFID-based telecommunications routing
US20080261656A1 (en) 2004-11-25 2008-10-23 Valter Bella Joint Ic Card And Wireless Transceiver Module For Mobile Communication Equipment
US7183910B2 (en) 2004-12-17 2007-02-27 International Business Machines Corporation Tiered on-demand location-based service and infrastructure
US7388892B2 (en) 2004-12-17 2008-06-17 Corning Incorporated System and method for optically powering a remote network component
US7996281B2 (en) 2004-12-17 2011-08-09 International Business Machines Corporation Tiered on-demand location-based tracking service and infrastructure
US7256727B2 (en) 2005-01-07 2007-08-14 Time Domain Corporation System and method for radiating RF waveforms using discontinues associated with a utility transmission line
WO2006076600A1 (en) 2005-01-11 2006-07-20 Qualcomm Incorporated Method and system for determining mobile station position based on base station information and repeater discriminants
US7751374B2 (en) 2005-01-18 2010-07-06 Marvell World Trade Ltd. WLAN TDM protocol
US20070060045A1 (en) 2005-02-02 2007-03-15 Prautzsch Frank R System and technique for situational awareness
US20060183504A1 (en) 2005-02-15 2006-08-17 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. Calibration method, and base station apparatus, terminal apparatus and radio apparatus utilizing the same
US7881665B2 (en) 2005-03-11 2011-02-01 Innovision Research & Technology Plc Near field communications, NFC, communicators and NFC communications enabled devices
US7471243B2 (en) 2005-03-30 2008-12-30 Symbol Technologies, Inc. Location determination utilizing environmental factors
US20090238566A1 (en) 2005-03-31 2009-09-24 Mauro Boldi Radio-Access Method, Related Radio Base Station, Mobile-Radio Network and Computer-Program Product Using an Assignment Scheme for Antennas' Sectors
US20070057761A1 (en) 2005-04-22 2007-03-15 Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc. Motion detector
US20100121567A1 (en) 2005-05-09 2010-05-13 Ehud Mendelson System and method for providing indoor navigation and special local base sevice application for malls stores shopping centers and buildings utilize Bluetooth
US7359674B2 (en) 2005-05-10 2008-04-15 Nokia Corporation Content distribution & communication system for enhancing service distribution in short range radio environment
US20090316529A1 (en) 2005-05-12 2009-12-24 Nokia Corporation Positioning of a Portable Electronic Device
US7864673B2 (en) 2005-05-24 2011-01-04 At&T Mobility Ii Llc Dynamic dual-mode service access control, location-based billing, and E911 mechanisms
US7881755B1 (en) 2005-05-26 2011-02-01 Marvell International Ltd. Wireless LAN power savings
US7848765B2 (en) 2005-05-27 2010-12-07 Where, Inc. Location-based services
US8326315B2 (en) 2005-05-27 2012-12-04 Ebay Inc. Location-based services
US20070060055A1 (en) 2005-06-01 2007-03-15 Prasanna Desai Method and system for antenna and radio front-end topologies for a system-on-a-chip (SOC) device that combines bluetooth and IEEE 802.11 b/g WLAN technologies
US20060274704A1 (en) 2005-06-01 2006-12-07 Prasanna Desai Method and apparatus for collaborative coexistence between Bluetooth and IEEE 802.11 G with both technologies integrated onto a system-on-a-chip (SOC) device
US20120310836A1 (en) 2005-07-05 2012-12-06 mConfirm, Ltd. Location based authentication system
US7957777B1 (en) 2005-07-12 2011-06-07 Marvell International Ltd. Wake on wireless LAN schemes
US7551641B2 (en) 2005-07-26 2009-06-23 Dell Products L.P. Systems and methods for distribution of wireless network access
US7260369B2 (en) 2005-08-03 2007-08-21 Kamilo Feher Location finder, tracker, communication and remote control system
US20070076649A1 (en) 2005-09-30 2007-04-05 Intel Corporation Techniques for heterogeneous radio cooperation
US20070140168A1 (en) 2005-10-14 2007-06-21 Rajiv Laroia Methods and apparatus for determining, communicating and using information which can be used for interference control
US20070253355A1 (en) 2005-10-14 2007-11-01 Prashanth Hande Methods and apparatus for broadcasting loading information corresponding to neighboring base stations
US20070104128A1 (en) 2005-11-04 2007-05-10 Rajiv Laroia Methods and apparatus for selecting and signaling a preferred link among a plurality of maintained wireless communications links
US7412224B2 (en) 2005-11-14 2008-08-12 Nokia Corporation Portable local server with context sensing
US7693654B1 (en) 2005-11-23 2010-04-06 ActivMedia Robotics/MobileRobots Method for mapping spaces with respect to a universal uniform spatial reference
US7787887B2 (en) 2005-12-26 2010-08-31 Infosys Technolologies Ltd. Providing location-based services via wireless networks
US7751838B2 (en) 2006-01-17 2010-07-06 Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) Method and mobile station for synchronizing to a common synchronization channel and obtaining a channel estimate
US7679562B2 (en) 2006-01-30 2010-03-16 Fujitsu Limited Target detection apparatus and system
US7773573B2 (en) 2006-02-16 2010-08-10 Marvell World Trade Ltd. Dual MAC arbitration
US20070224954A1 (en) 2006-03-23 2007-09-27 Marvell International Ltd. Cellular phone with integrated FM radio and remote low noise amplifier
US7916066B1 (en) 2006-04-27 2011-03-29 Josef Osterweil Method and apparatus for a body position monitor and fall detector using radar
US7495560B2 (en) 2006-05-08 2009-02-24 Corning Cable Systems Llc Wireless picocellular RFID systems and methods
US20070257796A1 (en) 2006-05-08 2007-11-08 Easton Martyn N Wireless picocellular RFID systems and methods
US7693486B2 (en) 2006-05-11 2010-04-06 Nokia Corporation Distributed multiradio controller
US20070268853A1 (en) 2006-05-17 2007-11-22 Zhengxiang Ma Identification of base stations
US20100156721A1 (en) 2006-05-23 2010-06-24 Alamouti Siavash M Millimeter-wave indoor wireless personal area network with ceiling reflector and methods for communicating using millimeter-waves
US20070297005A1 (en) 2006-05-26 2007-12-27 Montierth Mark D Wireless system-in-package and image processing control apparatus
US20080077326A1 (en) 2006-05-31 2008-03-27 Funk Benjamin E Method and System for Locating and Monitoring First Responders
US20090073916A1 (en) 2006-06-02 2009-03-19 Nortel Networks Limited Ranging regions for wireless communication relay stations
US20090073054A1 (en) 2006-06-12 2009-03-19 Broadcom Corporation Planer antenna structure
US20070286599A1 (en) 2006-06-12 2007-12-13 Michael Sauer Centralized optical-fiber-based wireless picocellular systems and methods
US7590354B2 (en) 2006-06-16 2009-09-15 Corning Cable Systems Llc Redundant transponder array for a radio-over-fiber optical fiber cable
US20080101277A1 (en) 2006-07-06 2008-05-01 Taylor Kirk S Method for disseminating geolocation information for network infrastructure devices
US20080013482A1 (en) 2006-07-10 2008-01-17 Nec Corporation Wireless communication system, wireless access point, communication control method and computer-readable medium
US20090252205A1 (en) 2006-07-17 2009-10-08 Clemens Rheinfelder Antenna array system
US20120221392A1 (en) 2006-07-18 2012-08-30 American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. Systems and methods for providing location based coupon-less offers to registered card members
US7627250B2 (en) 2006-08-16 2009-12-01 Corning Cable Systems Llc Radio-over-fiber transponder with a dual-band patch antenna system
US20080043714A1 (en) 2006-08-16 2008-02-21 Nokia Corporation Multiradio scheduling including clock synchronization validity protection
US7848770B2 (en) 2006-08-29 2010-12-07 Lgc Wireless, Inc. Distributed antenna communications system and methods of implementing thereof
US20080058018A1 (en) 2006-08-29 2008-03-06 Lgc Wireless, Inc. Distributed antenna communications system and methods of implementing thereof
US20090262604A1 (en) 2006-08-30 2009-10-22 Junichi Funada Localization system, robot, localization method, and sound source localization program
US7787823B2 (en) 2006-09-15 2010-08-31 Corning Cable Systems Llc Radio-over-fiber (RoF) optical fiber cable system with transponder diversity and RoF wireless picocellular system using same
US7848654B2 (en) 2006-09-28 2010-12-07 Corning Cable Systems Llc Radio-over-fiber (RoF) wireless picocellular system with combined picocells
US20080080863A1 (en) 2006-09-28 2008-04-03 Michael Sauer Radio-over-fiber (RoF) wireless picocellular system with combined picocells
US7949364B2 (en) 2006-10-03 2011-05-24 Nokia Corporation System for managing radio modems
US7778603B2 (en) 2006-10-26 2010-08-17 Nokia Corporation Bandwidth conservation by reallocating unused time scheduled for a radio to another radio
US7668565B2 (en) 2006-11-07 2010-02-23 Nokia Corporation Multiradio priority control based on modem buffer load
US20080118014A1 (en) 2006-11-16 2008-05-22 Nokia Corporation Utilizing wake-up signals for synchronizing multiradio timing
US7860518B2 (en) 2006-11-17 2010-12-28 Alcatel-Lucent Usa Inc. Locating a mobile station inside a building
US20080119208A1 (en) 2006-11-17 2008-05-22 Flanagan Michael J Locating a mobile station inside a building
US20080129634A1 (en) 2006-11-30 2008-06-05 Pera Robert J Multi-polarization antenna feeds for mimo applications
US7853234B2 (en) 2006-12-06 2010-12-14 Broadcom Corporation RFIC with high power PA
US20080201226A1 (en) 2006-12-26 2008-08-21 Mark Carlson Mobile coupon method and portable consumer device for utilizing same
US7996020B1 (en) 2006-12-28 2011-08-09 Marvell International Ltd. Locating a WLAN station using signal propagation delay
US7751971B2 (en) 2007-01-17 2010-07-06 Microsoft Corporation Location mapping for key-point based services
US8604909B1 (en) 2007-01-20 2013-12-10 Centrak, Inc. Methods and systems for synchronized ultrasonic real time location
EP1954019A1 (en) 2007-02-01 2008-08-06 Research In Motion Limited System and method for providing simulated spatial sound in a wireless communication device during group voice communication sessions
US8111998B2 (en) 2007-02-06 2012-02-07 Corning Cable Systems Llc Transponder systems and methods for radio-over-fiber (RoF) wireless picocellular systems
US7653397B2 (en) 2007-02-09 2010-01-26 Nokia Corporation Managing unscheduled wireless communication in a multiradio device
WO2008099383A2 (en) 2007-02-12 2008-08-21 Mobileaccess Networks Ltd. Mimo-adapted distributed antenna system
WO2008099390A2 (en) 2007-02-12 2008-08-21 Mobileaccess Networks Ltd. Indoor location determination
US7817969B2 (en) 2007-02-12 2010-10-19 Broadcom Corporation Limiting audible noise introduction through FM antenna tuning
US20080194226A1 (en) 2007-02-13 2008-08-14 Antonio Rivas Method and Apparatus for Providing Location Services for a Distributed Network
US8081923B1 (en) 2007-02-13 2011-12-20 Extenet Systems Inc. Method and apparatus for providing location services for a distributed network
US7809012B2 (en) 2007-02-16 2010-10-05 Nokia Corporation Managing low-power wireless mediums in multiradio devices
US20080207253A1 (en) 2007-02-27 2008-08-28 Nokia Corporation Multiradio management through quality level control
US8036308B2 (en) 2007-02-28 2011-10-11 Broadcom Corporation Method and system for a wideband polar transmitter
US8005050B2 (en) 2007-03-23 2011-08-23 Lgc Wireless, Inc. Localization of a mobile device in distributed antenna communications system
USRE45505E1 (en) 2007-03-23 2015-05-05 Adc Telecommunications, Inc. Localization of a mobile device in distributed antenna communications system
US20080232328A1 (en) 2007-03-23 2008-09-25 Stefan Scheinert Localization of a mobile device in distributed antenna communications system
US7557758B2 (en) 2007-03-26 2009-07-07 Broadcom Corporation Very high frequency dielectric substrate wave guide
US20080268833A1 (en) 2007-03-30 2008-10-30 Leping Huang System and Method for Self-Optimization of Interference Coordination in Communication Systems
US20120303446A1 (en) 2007-04-08 2012-11-29 Enhanced Geographic Llc Methods to Determine the Effectiveness of a Physical Advertisement Relating to a Physical Business Location
US20120303455A1 (en) 2007-04-08 2012-11-29 Enhanced Geographic Llc Systems and Methods to Deliver Digital Location-Based Content to a Visitor at a Physical Business Location
US8364171B2 (en) 2007-04-08 2013-01-29 Enhanced Geographic Llc Systems and methods to determine the current popularity of physical business locations
US20080253351A1 (en) 2007-04-13 2008-10-16 Nokia Corporation Multiradio power aware traffic management
US20080270522A1 (en) 2007-04-26 2008-10-30 Slim Souissi System and method for locating a device
US20080268871A1 (en) 2007-04-26 2008-10-30 Samsung Electronics Co.,Ltd. System and method for providing location based services in a mobile communication system
US20080279137A1 (en) 2007-05-10 2008-11-13 Nokia Corporation Discontinuous inquiry for wireless communication
US20080292322A1 (en) 2007-05-24 2008-11-27 Finisar Corporation Optoelectronic devices with intelligent transmitter modules
US20080291830A1 (en) 2007-05-25 2008-11-27 Nokia Corporation Multiradio control incorporating quality of service
US7990925B2 (en) 2007-05-30 2011-08-02 Qualcomm Incorporated Method and apparatus for communication handoff
US20090028087A1 (en) 2007-07-26 2009-01-29 The Directv Group, Inc. Method and system for communicating content having modified packet headers through a satellite
US20090028317A1 (en) 2007-07-26 2009-01-29 The Directv Group, Inc. Method and system for providing callbacks from a user device using an ip network
US20120130632A1 (en) 2007-08-06 2012-05-24 Amrit Bandyopadhyay System and method for locating, tracking, and/or monitoring the status of personnel and/or assets both indoors and outdoors
US7627218B2 (en) 2007-08-08 2009-12-01 Corning Cable Systems Llc Retractable optical fiber tether assembly and associated fiber optic cable
US20090041413A1 (en) 2007-08-08 2009-02-12 Hurley William C Retractable optical fiber tether assembly and associated fiber optic cable
US20090061796A1 (en) 2007-08-27 2009-03-05 Nokia Corporation Antenna arrangement
AU2010100320A4 (en) 2007-09-03 2010-06-17 Celltek Electronics Pty Ltd A Tracking System
US20090073885A1 (en) 2007-09-17 2009-03-19 Rehan Jalil Method, system and apparatus for tracking user behavior in a wireless communication network
US20110021224A1 (en) 2007-10-01 2011-01-27 Nokia Corporation Simple distributed coodination among cells to achieve efficient dynamic single-frequency network (sfn) operation
US20100329161A1 (en) 2007-10-02 2010-12-30 Nokia Corporation IP MTU Control Based on Multiradio Schedule
US20110021146A1 (en) 2007-10-19 2011-01-27 Nokia Corporation Radio access control utilizing quality of service access windows
US20100254356A1 (en) 2007-11-05 2010-10-07 Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) Timing Alignment in an LTE System
US20100287011A1 (en) 2007-11-13 2010-11-11 Martec Corporation Method and System of Location-Based Game for Improving Mobile Operator's Profit
US20090143076A1 (en) 2007-12-04 2009-06-04 Qualcomm Incorporated Method and Apparatus for Using Supported Network Information for Positioning
US20090154294A1 (en) 2007-12-17 2009-06-18 Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute Method and system for recognizing location by using sound sources with different frequencies
US20090163224A1 (en) 2007-12-19 2009-06-25 Qualcomm Incorporated Systems and methods for locating a mobile device
WO2009081376A2 (en) 2007-12-20 2009-07-02 Mobileaccess Networks Ltd. Extending outdoor location based services and applications into enclosed areas
US20100291949A1 (en) 2007-12-20 2010-11-18 Mobileaccess Networks Ltd. Extending outdoor location based services and applications into enclosed areas
US20090175214A1 (en) 2008-01-02 2009-07-09 Interdigital Technology Corporation Method and apparatus for cooperative wireless communications
US20110312340A1 (en) 2008-01-08 2011-12-22 Wi-Lan, Inc. Systems and methods for location positioning within radio access systems
US20090176507A1 (en) 2008-01-08 2009-07-09 Wi-Lan Inc. Systems and methods for location positioning within radio access systems
WO2009097237A1 (en) 2008-01-29 2009-08-06 Alcatel-Lucent Usa Inc. Method to support user location in in-structure coverage systems
US20090190441A1 (en) 2008-01-29 2009-07-30 Nec (China) Co., Ltd. Autonomous ultrasonic indoor tracking system
US20090191891A1 (en) 2008-01-29 2009-07-30 Lucent Technologies Inc. Method to support user location in in-structure coverage systems
US20090216449A1 (en) 2008-02-01 2009-08-27 Erko Robert J Passive Mapping Using a Floor Cleaning Machine
US7870321B2 (en) 2008-02-06 2011-01-11 Broadcom Corporation Extended computing unit with stand-alone application
US20100002626A1 (en) 2008-02-08 2010-01-07 Adc Telecommunications, Inc. Enterprise mobile network for providing cellular wireless service using licensed radio frequency spectrum and internet protocol backhaul
US20090218407A1 (en) 2008-02-29 2009-09-03 Broadcom Corporation Integrated circuit with millimeter wave and inductive coupling and methods for use therewith
US20090218657A1 (en) 2008-03-03 2009-09-03 Broadcom Corporation Inductively coupled integrated circuit with near field communication and methods for use therewith
US20090245221A1 (en) 2008-03-31 2009-10-01 Nokia Corporation Multiradio operation using interference reporting
US20090245153A1 (en) 2008-03-31 2009-10-01 Li Li Multiuser sector micro diversity system
US20090245084A1 (en) 2008-04-01 2009-10-01 Harris Corporation System and method for communicating data using efficient fast fourier transform (fft) for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (ofdm)
US20110071785A1 (en) 2008-05-02 2011-03-24 Thomas Peter Heath Motion smoothing in 3-d position sensing apparatus
US20090280835A1 (en) 2008-05-06 2009-11-12 Males Jared R Wireless Based Positioning Method and Apparatus
US8082353B2 (en) 2008-05-13 2011-12-20 At&T Mobility Ii Llc Reciprocal addition of attribute fields in access control lists and profiles for femto cell coverage management
US20090285147A1 (en) 2008-05-16 2009-11-19 Redline Communications, Inc. Isolation measurement and self-oscillation prevention in tdd-ofdm repeater for wireless broadband distribution to shadowed areas
US8203910B2 (en) 2008-05-29 2012-06-19 Nec (China) Co., Ltd. Autonomous ultrasonic indoor location system, apparatus and method
JP2009288245A (en) 2008-05-29 2009-12-10 Nec (China) Co Ltd Indoor positioning system of autonomous ultrasonic wave, and its device and method
US8175649B2 (en) 2008-06-20 2012-05-08 Corning Mobileaccess Ltd Method and system for real time control of an active antenna over a distributed antenna system
US7969009B2 (en) 2008-06-30 2011-06-28 Qualcomm Incorporated Through silicon via bridge interconnect
US20100008337A1 (en) 2008-07-11 2010-01-14 Nokia Corporation Method providing positioning and navigation inside large buildings
US20100007485A1 (en) 2008-07-14 2010-01-14 Mine Safety Appliances Company Devices, Systems and Method of Determining the Location of Mobile Personnel
US20110116572A1 (en) 2008-07-17 2011-05-19 Moon Il Lee Method and apparatus for transmitting reference signal in multiple antenna system
US20100027443A1 (en) 2008-07-31 2010-02-04 Motorola, Inc. Establishing communication pathways between infrastructure devices in a group communication system implemented over a wide area network
US20110126071A1 (en) 2008-08-11 2011-05-26 Seung Hee Han Method and apparatus of transmitting information in wireless communication system
US20100048163A1 (en) 2008-08-20 2010-02-25 Parr Mark H Mobile device location system for wireless e911 services
US20100056200A1 (en) 2008-09-03 2010-03-04 Nokia Corporation Software-defined radio configuration
US20110182230A1 (en) 2008-09-04 2011-07-28 Michael Ohm Systems and method for providing in-flight broadband mobile communication services
US20100080154A1 (en) 2008-09-26 2010-04-01 Lg Electronics Inc. Method of transmitting reference signals in a wireless communication having multiple antennas
US7952512B1 (en) 2008-10-14 2011-05-31 Sprint Communications Company L.P. Mobile device enabled radar tags
US20100091475A1 (en) 2008-10-15 2010-04-15 Qualcomm Incorporated Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Shielding For Stacked ICs
US20100097268A1 (en) * 2008-10-21 2010-04-22 Texas Instruments Incorporated Tightly-coupled gnss/imu integration filter having calibration features
US20100135178A1 (en) 2008-11-21 2010-06-03 Qualcomm Incorporated Wireless position determination using adjusted round trip time measurements
US20100130233A1 (en) 2008-11-25 2010-05-27 Lansing Arthur Parker System, method and program product for location based services, asset management and tracking
US20100127937A1 (en) 2008-11-25 2010-05-27 Qualcomm Incorporated Antenna Integrated in a Semiconductor Chip
EP2192811A1 (en) 2008-11-27 2010-06-02 Alcatel Lucent Method of determining a position of a wireless mobile terminal
US20100128568A1 (en) 2008-11-27 2010-05-27 Samsung Electronics, Co., Ltd. Method and apparatus of location tracking
US20100134257A1 (en) 2008-12-03 2010-06-03 David Puleston Rfid tag facility with access to external devices
US20100151821A1 (en) 2008-12-11 2010-06-17 Embarq Holdings Company, Llc System and method for providing location based services at a shopping facility
US20100148373A1 (en) 2008-12-17 2010-06-17 Qual.Comm Incorporated Stacked Die Parallel Plate Capacitor
US20100157738A1 (en) 2008-12-22 2010-06-24 Seiichi Izumi Sonic Wave Output Device, Voice Communication Device, Sonic Wave Output Method and Program
US20110268033A1 (en) 2008-12-30 2011-11-03 Telecom Italia S.P.A Method for distributed mobile communications, corresponding system and computer program product
US20100311480A1 (en) 2009-01-06 2010-12-09 Raines Jeremy K Intelligent signal booster
US20100178936A1 (en) 2009-01-13 2010-07-15 Adc Telecommunications, Inc. Systems and methods for mobile phone location with digital distributed antenna systems
US20100188998A1 (en) 2009-01-23 2010-07-29 Nokia Corporation Interoperability interface for modem control
US20100190509A1 (en) 2009-01-23 2010-07-29 At&T Mobility Ii Llc Compensation of propagation delays of wireless signals
US20110281536A1 (en) 2009-01-30 2011-11-17 Moon Il Lee Apparatus and method for transmitting a reference signal in a radio communication system
WO2010090999A1 (en) 2009-02-03 2010-08-12 Corning Cable Systems Llc Optical fiber-based distributed antenna systems, components, and related methods for monitoring and configuring thereof
US20100202326A1 (en) 2009-02-09 2010-08-12 Ahmadreza Rofougaran Method and system for a multi-port distributed antenna
US8086192B2 (en) 2009-03-03 2011-12-27 Broadcom Corporation Method and system for power control with optimum power efficiency with a multi-port distributed antenna
US20100225557A1 (en) 2009-03-03 2010-09-09 Ahmadreza Rofougaran Method and system for an on-chip and/or an on-package transmit/receive switch and antenna
US20100225556A1 (en) 2009-03-03 2010-09-09 Ahmadreza Rofougaran Method and system for power combining in a multi-port distributed antenna
US20100225413A1 (en) 2009-03-03 2010-09-09 Ahmadreza Rofougaran Method and system for receiving signals via multi-port distributed antenna
US20100246558A1 (en) 2009-03-31 2010-09-30 Tom Harel Narrowband transmissions using a plurality of antennas
US20100255774A1 (en) 2009-04-01 2010-10-07 Peter Kenington Radio system and method for relaying radio signals with a power calibration of transmit radio signals
US20100258949A1 (en) 2009-04-09 2010-10-14 Qualcomm Incorporated Reduced Susceptibility To Electrostatic Discharge During 3D Semiconductor Device Bonding and Assembly
US20100273504A1 (en) 2009-04-22 2010-10-28 Trueposition, Inc. Network Autonomous Wireless Location System
US20110069668A1 (en) 2009-04-28 2011-03-24 Zte (Usa) Inc. Dedicated Acknowledgement and Delivery of Management Messages in Wireless Communication Systems
US8072381B1 (en) 2009-04-30 2011-12-06 Cellco Partnership Location determination in a wireless network
US20110227795A1 (en) 2009-05-13 2011-09-22 Norberto Lopez Antenna structures
US20100290355A1 (en) 2009-05-18 2010-11-18 Sumit Roy Achieving Quality of Service in a Wireless Local Area Network
US20100309049A1 (en) 2009-06-05 2010-12-09 Nokia Corporation Directional data distribution
US20100309752A1 (en) 2009-06-08 2010-12-09 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Method and device of measuring location, and moving object
US8213264B2 (en) 2009-06-08 2012-07-03 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Method and device of measuring location, and moving object
US20100311472A1 (en) 2009-06-09 2010-12-09 Ahmadreza Rofougaran Method and system for an integrated voltage controlled oscillator-based transmitter and on-chip power distribution network
US20100317371A1 (en) 2009-06-12 2010-12-16 Westerinen William J Context-based interaction model for mobile devices
US20120046049A1 (en) 2009-07-21 2012-02-23 Kota Enterprises, Llc Secondary indications of user locations and use thereof by a location-based service
US20110019999A1 (en) 2009-07-24 2011-01-27 Jacob George Location Tracking Using Fiber Optic Array Cables and Related Systems and Methods
US20110028161A1 (en) 2009-07-30 2011-02-03 Extenet Systems, Inc. Real-Time Location Determination For In-Building Distributed Antenna Systems
US20110028157A1 (en) 2009-07-30 2011-02-03 Extenet Systems, Inc. Real-Time Location Determination For In-Building Distributed Antenna Systems
US20110035284A1 (en) 2009-08-06 2011-02-10 Mehran Moshfeghi Location-aware content and location-based advertising with a mobile device
WO2011017700A1 (en) 2009-08-07 2011-02-10 Corning Cable Systems Llc Apparatuses, systems, and methods for determining location of a mobile device(s) in a distributed antenna system(s)
US20110050501A1 (en) 2009-08-31 2011-03-03 Daniel Aljadeff Location system and method with a fiber optic link
US20110065450A1 (en) 2009-09-14 2011-03-17 Muhammad Ali Kazmi Method and Apparatus for Location Fingerprinting
US20110124347A1 (en) 2009-09-15 2011-05-26 Byron Hua Chen Method And Apparatus for UE Positioning in LTE Networks
US20110068981A1 (en) 2009-09-18 2011-03-24 TEECOM Design Group Apparatus and Method for Constructing and Utilizing a Beacon Location Database
US20110071734A1 (en) 2009-09-23 2011-03-24 Ford Global Technologies, Llc System and method for remotely controlling vehicle components from a nomadic communication device or computer
US20110086614A1 (en) 2009-10-09 2011-04-14 At&T Mobility Ii Llc Regulation of service in restricted telecommunication service area
US20110149879A1 (en) 2009-12-23 2011-06-23 At&T Mobility Ii Llc Chromatic scheduler for network traffic with disparate service requirements
US20110159891A1 (en) 2009-12-29 2011-06-30 Trueposition, Inc. Cooperating Receiver Selection for UMTS Wireless Location
US20110159876A1 (en) 2009-12-29 2011-06-30 Trueposition, Inc. Cooperating Receiver Selection for UMTS Wireless Location
US20110158298A1 (en) 2009-12-30 2011-06-30 Silicon Laboratories, Inc. Tuner circuit with an inter-chip transmitter and method of providing an inter-chip link frame
US20110171912A1 (en) 2010-01-08 2011-07-14 Andrew, Llc System and Method for Mobile Location By Proximity Detection
US20110171973A1 (en) 2010-01-08 2011-07-14 Andrew, Llc System and Method for Mobile Location By Proximity Detection
WO2011091859A1 (en) 2010-02-01 2011-08-04 Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) Indoor cellular network with position information of a mobile device
US20110194475A1 (en) 2010-02-10 2011-08-11 Broadcom Corporation Preamble and header bit allocation for power savings within multiple user, multiple access, and/or MIMO wireless communications
US20110201368A1 (en) 2010-02-12 2011-08-18 Pier Faccin Distributed antenna system for mimo communications
US20110204504A1 (en) 2010-02-23 2011-08-25 Qualcomm Incorporated Reducing Susceptibility to Electrostatic Discharge Damage during Die-To-Die Bonding for 3-D Packaged Integrated Circuits
US20110211439A1 (en) 2010-02-26 2011-09-01 Qualcomm Incorporated QUALITY OF SERVICE (QoS) ACQUISITION AND PROVISIONING WITHIN A WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM
US20110210843A1 (en) 2010-03-01 2011-09-01 Andrew Llc System and method for location of mobile devices in confined environments
US20110215901A1 (en) 2010-03-08 2011-09-08 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Method and system for enabling an authorized vehicle driveaway
US20110222434A1 (en) 2010-03-10 2011-09-15 Fujitsu Limited Method and Apparatus for Deploying a Wireless Network
US20110222619A1 (en) 2010-03-15 2011-09-15 Fujitsu Limited Method and system for implementing link adaptation based on an application profile
US20110222415A1 (en) 2010-03-15 2011-09-15 Fujitsu Limited Method and system for implementing link adaptation based on mobility
US20150155942A1 (en) 2010-03-31 2015-06-04 Corning Optical Communications LLC Localization services in optical fiber-based distributed communications components and systems, and related methods
WO2011123336A1 (en) 2010-03-31 2011-10-06 Corning Cable Systems Llc Localization services in optical fiber-based distributed communications components and systems, and related methods
US8983301B2 (en) 2010-03-31 2015-03-17 Corning Optical Communications LLC Localization services in optical fiber-based distributed communications components and systems, and related methods
US20110256878A1 (en) 2010-04-12 2011-10-20 Fujitsu Limited Method and Apparatus for Adjusting Bandwidth Allocations in a Wireless Network
US20110268452A1 (en) 2010-05-02 2011-11-03 Beamon Hubert B Digital data services and/or power distribution in optical fiber-based distributed communications systems providing digital data and radio frequency (rf) communications services, and related components and methods
US20110268446A1 (en) 2010-05-02 2011-11-03 Cune William P Providing digital data services in optical fiber-based distributed radio frequency (rf) communications systems, and related components and methods
US20110274021A1 (en) 2010-05-07 2011-11-10 Qualcomm Incorporated Detecting a wlan signal using a bluetooth receiver during bluetooth scan activity
US20110279445A1 (en) 2010-05-16 2011-11-17 Nokia Corporation Method and apparatus for presenting location-based content
US20120215438A1 (en) 2010-07-09 2012-08-23 Zte Corporation System and method for acquiring statistics of navigation information
US20120072106A1 (en) 2010-07-21 2012-03-22 Korea Advanced Institute Of Science And Technology Location based service system and method for performing indoor navigation
US20120028649A1 (en) 2010-07-30 2012-02-02 Qualcomm Incorporated Methods and apparatuses for use in determining that a mobile station is at one or more particular indoor regions
US20140213285A1 (en) 2010-08-09 2014-07-31 Corning Cable Systems Llc Apparatuses, systems, and methods for determining location of a mobile device(s) in a distributed antenna system(s)
US8570914B2 (en) 2010-08-09 2013-10-29 Corning Cable Systems Llc Apparatuses, systems, and methods for determining location of a mobile device(s) in a distributed antenna system(s)
US20130157664A1 (en) 2010-08-31 2013-06-20 Bruce Cinkai Chow Broadband Wireless Mobile Communications System With Distributed Antenna System Using Interleaving Intra-Cell Handovers
US20120065926A1 (en) 2010-09-14 2012-03-15 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd Integrated motion sensing apparatus
US20120039320A1 (en) 2010-09-14 2012-02-16 Dali Systems Co., Ltd. Remotely Reconfigurable Distributed Antenna System and Methods
US20120081248A1 (en) 2010-09-30 2012-04-05 Kennedy Joseph P System and method for robust navigation and geolocation using measurements of opportunity
US20120084177A1 (en) 2010-09-30 2012-04-05 Ebay Inc. Location based transactions
US20120087212A1 (en) 2010-10-08 2012-04-12 Harry Vartanian Apparatus and method for providing indoor location or position determination of object devices using building information and/or powerlines
US20120095779A1 (en) 2010-10-13 2012-04-19 Wengrovitz Michael S Method and apparatus for providing location-based data and services in healthcare environments
US20120108258A1 (en) 2010-10-27 2012-05-03 Qualcomm Innovation Center, Inc. Method, Device, and System for Obtaining a Mobile Computing Device Location
US20120135755A1 (en) 2010-11-25 2012-05-31 Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute Apparatus and method for providing contents services
US8442556B2 (en) 2010-12-13 2013-05-14 Verizon Patent And Licensing Inc. Detecting mobile device usage within wireless networks
US20120158509A1 (en) 2010-12-15 2012-06-21 Poynt Corporation Price Formation in Location-Based Advertising Networks
US20120158297A1 (en) 2010-12-20 2012-06-21 Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute Indoor location recognition system and indoor location recognition method using the same
US20120179549A1 (en) 2011-01-06 2012-07-12 TotalPaas, Inc. Method and system for delivering location-based advertising messages
US20120179561A1 (en) 2011-01-11 2012-07-12 Sun yun-ting Interactive location-based service system and method of the same
US20120179548A1 (en) 2011-01-11 2012-07-12 Sun yun-ting Methods and systems for providing location-based promotions on a user interface of a widget based on its current location
US20130066821A1 (en) 2011-03-04 2013-03-14 Foursquare Labs, Inc. System and method for providing recommendations with a location-based service
US20130073422A1 (en) 2011-03-04 2013-03-21 Justin Moore System and method for providing recommendations with a location-based service
US20120232917A1 (en) 2011-03-09 2012-09-13 Kuwait University System and method for wireless reservation and ordering from a mobile device
US20120243469A1 (en) 2011-03-21 2012-09-27 Philippe Klein In-house location based services
US20130041761A1 (en) 2011-04-07 2013-02-14 Jeffrey Allen Voda Location based advertising asset tracking system and method
US20140323150A1 (en) 2011-04-29 2014-10-30 Disney Enterprises, Inc. System and method for managing location services in wireless networks
US9184843B2 (en) 2011-04-29 2015-11-10 Corning Optical Communications LLC Determining propagation delay of communications in distributed antenna systems, and related components, systems, and methods
US8774843B2 (en) 2011-04-29 2014-07-08 Disney Enterprises, Inc. System and method for managing location services in wireless networks
US20140050482A1 (en) 2011-04-29 2014-02-20 Corning Cable Systems Llc Determining propagation delay of communications in distributed antenna systems, and related components, systems, and methods
US20120309336A1 (en) 2011-05-31 2012-12-06 Fujitsu Limited Information processing apparatus and correction method
US20130084859A1 (en) 2011-06-03 2013-04-04 Sanjar Azar Exchange of Information Via WIFI Infrastructure Using Wireless Devices
US20130006849A1 (en) 2011-06-28 2013-01-03 Cambridge Silicon Radio Limited Location based services
US20130006663A1 (en) 2011-06-29 2013-01-03 Mckesson Specialty Arizona Inc. Location-based services for patients
US20140233548A1 (en) 2011-07-10 2014-08-21 Alvarion Ltd. Method and system for managing a wireless network comprising a distributed antenna system (das)
US20130036012A1 (en) 2011-08-01 2013-02-07 Lin Mao-Hsi Location-based service system
US20130040654A1 (en) 2011-08-12 2013-02-14 Disney Enterprises, Inc., A Delaware Corporation Location-based automated check-in to a social network recognized location using a token
US20130046691A1 (en) 2011-08-15 2013-02-21 Ebay, Inc. Location-based service payment and setup
US20130045758A1 (en) 2011-08-19 2013-02-21 Qualcomm Incorporated Peer device supported location-based service provider check-in
US20140112667A1 (en) 2011-08-25 2014-04-24 Corning Cable Systems Llc Systems, components, and methods for providing location services for mobile/wireless client devices in distributed antenna systems using additional signal propagation delay
US20130073377A1 (en) 2011-09-15 2013-03-21 Stephan HEATH Mobile device system and method providing 3d geo-target location-based mobile commerce searching/purchases, discounts/coupons products, goods, and services, and social networking
US20130073388A1 (en) 2011-09-15 2013-03-21 Stephan HEATH System and method for using impressions tracking and analysis, location information, 2d and 3d mapping, mobile mapping, social media, and user behavior and information for generating mobile and internet posted promotions or offers for, and/or sales of, products and/or services
US20130073336A1 (en) 2011-09-15 2013-03-21 Stephan HEATH System and method for using global location information, 2d and 3d mapping, social media, and user behavior and information for a consumer feedback social media analytics platform for providing analytic measfurements data of online consumer feedback for global brand products or services of past, present, or future customers, users or target markets
US20130080578A1 (en) 2011-09-28 2013-03-28 Roy Murad System and method for location-based content delivery
US20130116922A1 (en) 2011-11-08 2013-05-09 Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. Emergency guiding system, server and portable device using augmented reality
US20130131972A1 (en) 2011-11-18 2013-05-23 Microsoft Corporation Computing-device localization based on inertial sensors
US20150005005A1 (en) 2012-03-30 2015-01-01 Corning Optical Communications LLC Location tracking for mobile terminals and related components and methods
US20130281125A1 (en) 2012-04-24 2013-10-24 Corning Cable Systems Llc Location based services in a distributed communication system, and related components and methods
US20130314210A1 (en) 2012-05-22 2013-11-28 Trimble Navigation Limited Multi-modal entity tracking and display
US20130322214A1 (en) 2012-05-29 2013-12-05 Corning Cable Systems Llc Ultrasound-based localization of client devices in distributed communication systems, and related devices, systems, and methods
US20130322415A1 (en) 2012-05-31 2013-12-05 Aravind Chamarti Location tracking for mobile terminals and related components, systems, and methods
US20140180581A1 (en) 2012-12-21 2014-06-26 Corning Mobileaccess Ltd. Systems, methods, and devices for documenting a location of installed equipment
US20150087329A1 (en) 2013-09-26 2015-03-26 Adc Telecommunications, Inc. Systems and methods for location determination
US20150317557A1 (en) 2014-05-01 2015-11-05 Qualcomm Incorporated Temporal spike encoding for temporal learning

Non-Patent Citations (68)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
"Cellular Specialties Introduces the First Simulcasted In-building Location-Based Tracking Solution," http://smart-grid.tmcnet.com/news/2009/09/14/4368300.htm, 2 pages.
"Safe Campus Solutions: Going Beyond Emergency Notification," www.alcatel-lucent.com, 8 pages.
Advisory Action for U.S. Appl. No. 12/509,099 mailed Jun. 18, 2012, 3 pages.
Advisory Action for U.S. Appl. No. 13/628,497 mailed Oct. 6, 2014, 3 pages.
Advisory Action for U.S. Appl. No. 13/628,497 mailed Sep. 17, 2014, 3 pages.
Advisory Action for U.S. Appl. No. 13/866,685, mailed Dec. 4, 2015, 3 pages.
Advisory Action for U.S. Appl. No. 14/034,948 mailed Jan. 27, 2015, 2 pages.
Author Unknown, "CDMA Co-Pilot Transmitter," Product Specifications, Cellular Specialties, Inc., 021-0000-001 MKTG Rev 2, Aug. 2009, www.cellularspecialties.com, 2 pages.
Chow et al, "Radio-over-Fiber Distributed Antenna System for WiMAX Bullet Train Field Trial," IEEE Mobile WiMAX Symposium, Jul. 9-10, 2009, Napa Valley, California, 4 pages.
Decision on Appeal for U.S. Appl. No. 12/509,099 mailed Jul. 15, 2015, 6 pages.
English Translation of the Second Office Action for Chinese Patent Application No. 201080039136.3, mailed Nov. 18, 2014, 11 pages.
Ex Parte Quayle Action for U.S. Appl. No. 15/281,907, mailed Dec. 2, 2016, 6 pages.
Examiner's Answer to the Appeal Brief for U.S. Appl. No. 12/509,099 mailed Nov. 8, 2012, 15 pages.
Federal Communications Commision (FCC), "Revision of Part 15 of the Commission's Rules Regarding Ultra-Wideband Transmission Systems," First Report and Order, ET Docket 98-153, FCC 02-48; Released Apr. 22, 2002, 118 pages.
Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 12/509,099 mailed Apr. 11, 2012, 11 pages.
Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 13/628,497 mailed Aug. 7, 2014, 16 pages.
Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 13/724,451 mailed May 27, 2015, 10 pages.
Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 13/866,685, mailed Sep. 30, 2015, 16 pages.
Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 13/900,859 mailed Feb. 19, 2016, 19 pages.
Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 14/034,948 mailed Dec. 1, 2014, 12 pages.
Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 14/138,580, mailed Oct. 5, 2015, 21 pages.
Gansemer, et al., "RSSI-based Euclidean Distance Algorithm for Indoor Positioning Adapted for use in dynamically changing WLAN environments and multi-level buildings," 2010 International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation(IPIN), Sep. 15-17, 2010, 6 pages.
Gezici, Sinan, et al., "Localization via Ultra-Wideband Radios: A look at positioning aspects of future sensor networks," IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, vol. 22, No. 4, Jul. 2005, pp. 70-84.
Girard, et al., Indoor Pedestrian Navigation Using Foot-Mounted IMU and Portable Ultrasound Range Sensors, www.mdpi.com/journal/sensors, Aug. 2, 2011, pp. 7606-7624.
Ho, K. C. et al., "Solution and Performance Analysis of Geolocation by TDOA," IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, vol. 29, No. 4, Oct. 1993, pp. 1311-1322.
Ingram, S.J., et al., "Ultra WideBand Indoor Positioning Systems and their Use in Emergencies," Position Location and Navigation Symposium, Apr. 2004, pp. 706-715.
International Preliminary Report on Patentability for International Patent Application PCT/US2014/033452, mailed Oct. 27, 2015, 10 pages.
International Search Report and Written Opinion for PCT/US2010/042420, mailed Nov. 4, 2010, 17 pages.
International Search Report and Written Opinion for PCT/US2010/044884 mailed Oct. 6, 2010, 14 pages.
International Search Report and Written Opinion for PCT/US2011/029895 mailed Jul. 4, 2011, 12 pages.
International Search Report and Written Opinion for PCT/US2011/049122 mailed Jun. 6, 2012, 12 pages.
International Search Report for International Patent Application PCT/US2013/043230 mailed Dec. 4, 2013, 5 pages.
International Search Report for International Patent Application PCT/US2014/033452, mailed Jul. 22, 2014, 4 pages.
K.C. Ho and Y.T. Chan, IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, vol. 29, No. 4, Oct. 1993, pp. 1311-1322.
Kim, et al, "Smartphone-Based Collaborative and Autonomous Radio Fingerprinting," IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics-Part C: Applications and Reviews, vol. 42, No. 1, Jan. 2012, pp. 112-122.
Kim, et al, "Smartphone-Based Collaborative and Autonomous Radio Fingerprinting," IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics—Part C: Applications and Reviews, vol. 42, No. 1, Jan. 2012, pp. 112-122.
Krempels et al., "Directory-Less Indoor Positioning for WLAN Infrastructures extended abstract," IEEE International Symposium on Consumer Electronics, Apr. 14-16, 2008, Vilamoura, Portugal, 2 pages.
Luo, B., et al., "Centralized UWB/WLAN Distribution Network using Low Cost Radio Over Multimode Fiber Technology," IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, Sep. 2005, pp. 799-801.
Mokni, et al., "Couples sonar inertial navigation system for pedestrian tracking," 8 pages.
Non-final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 12/509,099 mailed Jan. 12, 2012, 8 pages.
Non-final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 12/509,099, mailed Mar. 11, 2016, 9 pages.
Non-final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 13/365,843 mailed Jun. 26, 2013, 10 pages.
Non-final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 13/485,038 mailed Dec. 20, 2013, 13 pages.
Non-final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 13/628,497 mailed Apr. 24, 2014, 15 pages.
Non-final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 13/724,451 mailed Jan. 15, 2015, 8 pages.
Non-final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 13/866,685 mailed Mar. 23, 2015, 13 pages.
Non-final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 13/866,685, mailed May 5, 2016, 16 pages.
Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 13/866,685, mailed Nov. 16, 2016, 21 pages.
Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 13/900,859, mailed Sep. 23, 2015, 16 pages.
Non-final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 14/034,948 mailed Apr. 1, 2015, 12 pages.
Non-final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 14/034,948 mailed Sep. 2, 2014, 11 pages.
Non-final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 14/138,580 mailed May 13, 2015, 20 pages.
Non-Final Office Action for U.S. Appl. No. 14/616,088, mailed Dec. 8, 2016, 13 pages.
Notice of Acceptance for Australian Patent Application No. 2011232897, mailed Oct. 26, 2015, 3 pages.
Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 13/365,843 mailed Jul. 31, 2013, 8 pages.
Notice of Allowance for U.S. Appl. No. 14/859,542, mailed Apr. 6, 2016, 7 pages.
Patent Cooperation Treaty, International Search Report for PCT/US2013/043107, Sep. 9, 2013, 5 pages.
Patent Examination Report No. 1 for Australian Patent Application No. 2010276451, mailed Jul. 17, 2014, 3 pages.
Patent Examination Report No. 1 for Australian Patent Application No. 2011232897 issued Jun. 26, 2015, 2 pages.
Sauer, Michael, et al., "Experimental investigation of multimode fiber bandwidth requirements for 5.2 GHz WLAN signal transmission," Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Mar. 2006, Anaheim, California, 3 pages.
Sauer, Michael, et al., "Experimental Study of Radio Frequency Transmission over Standard and High-Bandwidth Multimode Optical Fibers," International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics, Oct. 2005, pp. 99-102.
Schwarz, Volker, et al., "Accuracy of a Commercial UWB 3D Location/Tracking System and its Impact on LT Application Scenarios," International Conference on Ultra-Wideband, Sep. 5-8, 2005, IEEE, 5 pages.
Shibuya, Akinori et al., "A High-Accuracy Pedestrian Positioning Information System Using Pico Cell Techniques," Vehicular Technology Conference Proceedings, May 15-18, 2000, Tokyo, Japan, IEEE, pp. 496-500.
Translation of First Office Action for Chinese Patent Application No. 201180019718.X, issued on Jul. 16, 2014, 15 pages.
Translation of the Fourth Office Action for Chinese Patent Application No. 201180019718.X, issued Nov. 4, 2015, 10 pages.
Translation of the Second Office Action for Chinese Patent Application No. 201180019718.X, issued on Jan. 13, 2015, 10 pages.
Translation of the Third Office Action for Chinese Patent Application No. 201180019718.X issued on Apr. 30, 2015, 10 pages.
Wah, Michael, et al., "Wireless Ultra Wideband Communications Using Radio Over Fiber," IEEE Conference on Ultra Wideband Systems and Technologies, Nov. 2003, pp. 265-269.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2013181247A1 (en) 2013-12-05
US20150268327A1 (en) 2015-09-24

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US9684060B2 (en) Ultrasound-based localization of client devices with inertial navigation supplement in distributed communication systems and related devices and methods
US20130322214A1 (en) Ultrasound-based localization of client devices in distributed communication systems, and related devices, systems, and methods
US20160041251A1 (en) Ultrasound-based location determination and inertial navigation with accuracy improvement in determining client device location
US7626546B2 (en) Methods and systems for detection and location of multiple emitters
US10075934B2 (en) Positioning method and apparatus
US20150373503A1 (en) Method and apparatus for positioning system enhancement with visible light communication
US20110210843A1 (en) System and method for location of mobile devices in confined environments
US9781553B2 (en) Location based services in a distributed communication system, and related components and methods
JP2021519422A (en) Network architecture and methods for location services
US20160291124A1 (en) Determining a location of a transmitter device
WO2013108243A1 (en) Hybrid-based system and method for indoor localization
CN103069778B (en) For method, mobile device and the system of locating
US20180329023A1 (en) System and method for wireless time-of-arrival localization
US10484833B1 (en) Methods, systems and computer readable media for providing and using ultra wideband local area networks (LANs)
US20160286353A1 (en) System and method for simultaneous location tracking of multiple wireless terminals
Uddin et al. RF-Beep: A light ranging scheme for smart devices
CN102457960A (en) Measuring processing method and equipment for auxiliary observation arrival time difference positioning
KR101815162B1 (en) Indoor Positioning Method and System and Apparatus Therefor
CN107015192A (en) Indoor locating system
CN105277936A (en) Range finding system based on mobile phone and method thereof
JP6610963B2 (en) Method, communication system, and reader for positioning user equipment
CN105580461B (en) Method and positioning device for being positioned to mobile communications device
Krishnamurthy Technologies for positioning in indoor Areas
US8909249B2 (en) Passive uplink time difference of arrival positioning and tracking system
KR101188538B1 (en) Alarm system based on the position and mobile device with alarm system based on the position and alarm service based on the position

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: CORNING OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS LLC, NORTH CAROLINA

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:NEUKIRCH, ULRICH WILHELM HEINZ;SABAN, OFER;SIGNING DATES FROM 20141110 TO 20160714;REEL/FRAME:039246/0156

STCF Information on status: patent grant

Free format text: PATENTED CASE

FEPP Fee payment procedure

Free format text: MAINTENANCE FEE REMINDER MAILED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: REM.); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY

LAPS Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees

Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED FOR FAILURE TO PAY MAINTENANCE FEES (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: EXP.); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY

STCH Information on status: patent discontinuation

Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED DUE TO NONPAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEES UNDER 37 CFR 1.362

FP Lapsed due to failure to pay maintenance fee

Effective date: 20210620