US8090796B2 - Position identification method and system - Google Patents
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- US8090796B2 US8090796B2 US12/339,014 US33901408A US8090796B2 US 8090796 B2 US8090796 B2 US 8090796B2 US 33901408 A US33901408 A US 33901408A US 8090796 B2 US8090796 B2 US 8090796B2
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- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
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- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 7
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
- H04L63/08—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for authentication of entities
- H04L63/083—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for authentication of entities using passwords
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
- H04L61/45—Network directories; Name-to-address mapping
- H04L61/4505—Network directories; Name-to-address mapping using standardised directories; using standardised directory access protocols
- H04L61/4511—Network directories; Name-to-address mapping using standardised directories; using standardised directory access protocols using domain name system [DNS]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
- H04L61/45—Network directories; Name-to-address mapping
- H04L61/4541—Directories for service discovery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
- H04L63/04—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for providing a confidential data exchange among entities communicating through data packet networks
- H04L63/0428—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for providing a confidential data exchange among entities communicating through data packet networks wherein the data content is protected, e.g. by encrypting or encapsulating the payload
Definitions
- This invention relates to a method and system for securely identifying an authorized user for the purposes of updating Point of Interest (POI) field and record information and associating position information to both wired and wireless IP addresses.
- POI Point of Interest
- POI information is available to people by means of telephone books, both hardcopies and online web versions, and typically represents business and individual information, such as telephone number, street address, city, state, zip code, amongst other categories specific to various POIs.
- Governing communication organizations such as telephone companies, typically collect, update, and slowly disseminate this information to a wide variety of people for various applications.
- other organizations collect telephone books from various telephone companies and compile this information in an all encompassing master list of various POIs, such as in the white pages, which consists of listings of individuals and businesses, such as restaurants, golf courses facilities, movie theaters, etc.
- Current POI collection primarily involves a ‘rake’ collection method, where information is initially documented from various organizations, typically from an organization where a telephone line is installed, and then gathered, or ‘raked’ together from these initial databases.
- This method of collecting information about individuals and POIs is not very reliable, since updated telephone books, for example, are typically released only once a year.
- individuals can update their information at a local database, such as a telephone book, by calling their respective telephone company and updating their information. This update will not be visible in their telephone book typically for at most a year.
- An online Internet search system such as Switchboard.com or Smartpages.com, allows individuals to update their listed information by registering at the search system's website, by providing their e-mail address, entering the updated information, and acknowledging that they are either (a) the person whose listing they wish to modify or (b) an authorized agent of the person whose listing they wish to modify.
- An e-mail is sent to the e-mail address supplied by the individual that requested the update, and once the individual replies to the e-mail or clicks on a URL in the body of the e-mail, the specified listing information is updated in the online directory server's database.
- This method does not check the requesting individual's authenticity or authorization over the individual whose information is being updated. With the advent of free anonymous e-mail addresses, any individual can spoof this method and system to fraudulently steal or change another person's identity.
- an individual that updates this system could be a person of deception or moral turpitude who may want to steal another person's identity.
- This deceptive person using an anonymous e-mail address, such as provided by Hotmail.com, could update an unsuspecting person's telephone number information on an online directory. When other people see the unsuspecting, innocent person's name on the online directory, they may then be re-directed to the telephone number or other information, such as the mailing address, that may have been changed by the deceptive person.
- this updating or removal process is only available for individual persons, not businesses, and provides no guarantee that individuals requesting changes are actually who they seem to represent.
- Businesses change their names, addresses, telephone numbers, etc., as a business grows, through a merger or acquisition, or for any of a multitude of other reasons.
- Various POI category data associated with businesses is used for various purposes, such as customers wanting to locate a particular business based on their current location and hours of operation.
- POIs such as businesses
- URLs or web addresses additional information about them
- IP Internet Protocol
- the current internetworking protocol under the IPv4 format, allows for a potential of 2 ⁇ 32 (over 4.29 billion) possible mutually exclusive IP address combinations.
- the new internet working protocol, IPv6 provides a potential of 2 ⁇ 128 (over 3.4*10 ⁇ 29 billion) possible mutually exclusive IP address combinations.
- ARIN American Registry for Internet Numbers
- RIRs Regional Internet Registries
- APNIC Asia Pacific Network Information Center
- IP Internet Protocol
- ISPs Internet Service Providers
- end users are “assigned” address space.
- ISPs are allocated blocks of IP addresses for the purpose of assigning that space to their customers, while end users receive assignments of IP addresses exclusively for use in their own operational networks.
- IP addresses are distributed in a tree distribution architecture, where one organization provides a large block of IP addresses to an organization beneath it, which provides IP addresses to users or organizations beneath it, and this process continues until end-users (or IP address end-nodes) have been assigned IP addresses for their use.
- the minimum block of IP address space assigned by ARIN is 4,096. All organizations that require allocations of fewer than 4,096 IP addresses must request the address space from their upstream IP address provider, such as an ISP.
- IP addresses are allocated to organizations (i.e., ARIN, ISPs, etc.)
- a record is stored of each ‘owner’ of the block of IP addresses, which can typically be viewed and accessed through a WHOIS database search.
- Table 1 One example that illustrates how a typical block of allocated IP addresses is recorded in a publicly-accessible WHOIS database, is shown in Table 1.
- DSL Digital Subscriber Line
- the assignee of the IP address is US West Communication Services, which acts as an ISP.
- the WHOIS search indicates that the location of the IP address 168.103.86.33 is at 600 Stinson Boulevard, Minneapolis, Minn. 55413, yet the actual location of the IP address, where it is actually connected to an end-device, is 515 S. Madison Avenue Suite 738 in Pasadena, Calif.
- the driving distance between the two locations is approximately 1991 miles, with an estimated travel time of 25.5 hours.
- Wireless devices are well know in the art, and are used in both Local Area Network (LAN) and Wide Area Network (WAN) systems.
- Typical wireless device standards well known in the art include Bluetooth and WiFi (802.11b), among others.
- These wireless devices are typically connected through a gateway or bridge device that provides the wireless devices with Internet access.
- These wireless gateways or bridges have either static or dynamic routable or non-routable (e.g., 192.168.168.168) IP addresses.
- There is an immediate need for wireless devices with Internet access to be able to get their approximate position information based on the IP address of the gateway device through which they connect to the Internet, with the positional accuracy depending primarily on the range capability of the wireless gateway device.
- GPS Global Positioning Satellite
- a POI owner would call the POI updating system via a toll-free telephone number, such as an 800 number.
- the communication provider e.g., the telephone company
- the password can be transmitted either through the same communication channel or via another communication channel, such as the Internet.
- the password can also be mailed using the postal system to the POI address to provide an additional measure of security.
- the system would provide the caller with a unique password over the telephone connection.
- the caller would provide the system with their unique e-mail or Instant Messaging (IM) address information, in which the system would send the unique password (encrypted or non-encrypted) to the user's alternate destination address (i.e., e-mail or IM address) via the Internet.
- IM Instant Messaging
- an additional security measure would require the user to use both their telephone number and password to sign-in to a website.
- In-vehicle navigational systems or typical mapping programs could then display the restaurant's URL associated with the other POI information, thus providing the user with immediate access to the restaurant's website address, without having to initiate a web search to find the restaurant's website. Additionally, a business POI owner wanting to provide users with POI specific business hours could also use this same process.
- a search for the nearest gas station would return all of the gas stations within a given area, regardless of their operating hours.
- This method and system enables various POIs to be securely updated by their owners, thus allowing, for example, gas station POIs to post the hours that they are open for business.
- This enables the in-vehicle navigational systems to perform searches not only based on its location, but also incorporating the time of day information into the search for searching for only opened businesses, thus providing much better search results.
- using a mobile, wireless, Internet-enabled navigational device to search for various POIs and utilizing the recently updated POI-specific information provides users the ability to obtain real-time PO-specific updates, such as being able to click on an updated URL that opens a web browser displaying, for example, a menu of a restaurant POI that could not otherwise be securely obtained.
- a user would call a toll-free telephone number, such as an 800 number.
- the communication provider e.g., the telephone company
- the system would then correlate the telephone number and/or identity information to a known database to establish the address information of the caller.
- the identifying system would correlate the telephone number to a known database to establish the address information (e.g., 738 S. Madison Ave #2, Pasadena, Calif. 08805) of the caller.
- the password can be transmitted either through the same communication channel or via another communication channel, such as the Internet.
- the password can also be mailed using the postal system to the POI address to provide an additional measure of security.
- the system would provide the caller with a unique password over the communication channel (e.g., open telephone connection).
- the caller would provide the system with his or her unique e-mail or IM address information, which the system would use to send the unique password (encrypted or non-encrypted) to the user's alternate destination address (i.e., e-mail or IM address) via the Internet.
- an additional security measure would be to require the user to enter his or her telephone number and/or IP address and password to sign-in to a website.
- IP address information e.g., 128.149.22.146
- position information i.e., physical location
- this position information can then be accessed at the device or immediately downstream from a particular given static IP address, such as wireless devices that are connected through a wireless gateway or bridge device that has associated with it the given static IP address.
- the position information of varying resolution can then be obtained from a variety of networked clients either directly from the device with the IP address (e.g., a personal computer or 802.11b wireless gateway), or from an online-networked server that has the associated mapping of position-to-IP address information. Additionally, other devices located upstream to the given static IP address cannot request position information from either the online-networked server or the device itself, unless they have appropriate authority to access the position information. In one embodiment, a user with a web browser would access a website to download and then execute a program on the local computing device to securely determine the computer's routable IP address.
- IP address e.g., a personal computer or 802.11b wireless gateway
- the program would interrogate and identify the routable gateway (e.g., a Network Address Translation—NAT device) address (i.e., the subscriber's IP address), thus allowing the user to update the position information associated with that routable static IP address (i.e., the subscriber's IP address) on the online-networked server.
- a routable gateway e.g., a Network Address Translation—NAT device
- NAT device Network Address Translation—NAT device
- a wireless gateway device has a firmware or software application running locally that allows users to locally update position information associated with the wireless gateway on the local device so that wireless users connected to the wireless gateway device can obtain their approximate position information of varying resolution, based on their distance from the wireless gateway device, directly and not requiring the online-networked server.
- the user could also utilize the online-networked server if necessary or appropriate using the previously described method.
- a gateway device such as a Network Address Translation (NAT) device
- NAT Network Address Translation
- varying resolution e.g., street, city, state, zip-code address information, and/or latitude and longitude location information, etc.
- a telephone number By using a telephone number, the governing telephone organization responsible for the communication channel can verify or vouch for the user's identity by indicating that the number the user is calling from matches the telephone number listed in the WHOIS database.
- a user would e-mail the system, for instance, and the system would reply to the user's e-mail address to confirm their identity.
- the user would use a password, as provided in the e-mail body, to log on to the server system, or click on an embedded URL in the e-mail body, thus verifying that the user is an authorized user, as listed in the WHOIS database, for a given IP address or IP address block.
- ISP static IP address
- authorized users can be identified by their ISP-specific username and/or password, or their e-mail address or other specific identification associated with the IP address, which can be provided by the IP address provider (i.e., ISP), so that only authorized IP address users are allowed to update or modify their IP address' position information on the online-networked server.
- the system identifies the user by sending an e-mail to the user of the IP address, whose e-mail address and IP information is confirmed by the ISP, and once the user obtains a unique password, the user is able to update the position information for a particular set, or sets, of IP addresses that he or she manage or has control over, as identified by the ISP.
- This position information can be stored on a server residing on the Internet, Intranet, or Extranet, and can be accessed by clients to periodically request the position information of the closest defined IP addresses between the ‘clients’ and the networked server containing the association between the IP address and position information.
- this provides clients connected to a wireless 802.11b or Bluetooth gateway the ability of obtaining their approximate position information of varying resolution securely and easily without the need for other position devices, such as a GPS device.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a typical POI telephone book's fields and sample entry.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a typical system for securely updating, creating, and modifying POI-specific information.
- FIG. 3 illustrates the high-level component view of a typical embodiment of the Geographic Identification Server.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a typical flowchart for securely identifying and providing a password to a POI user.
- FIG. 5 illustrates a typical flowchart for securely signing-in to a website and updating POI-specific information.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a typical sign-in page for securely updating, modifying, or creating POI field information.
- FIG. 7 illustrates various Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) and user-defined codes for various POI fields.
- SIC Standard Industrial Classification
- FIG. 8 illustrates a typical technique for updating various POI fields.
- FIG. 9 illustrates a typical sign-in page for securely updating, modifying, or creating IP address to position information associations.
- FIG. 10 illustrates a block diagram of various client and Location Name Server (LNS) configurations.
- LNS Location Name Server
- FIG. 11 illustrates a typical network topology emphasizing the network end-nodes or IP addresses.
- FIG. 12 illustrates a typical diagram for assigning position information to non-routable IP addresses.
- the present invention provides a method and system for enabling a POI owner or authorized POI personnel the ability to securely, conveniently, and immediately update POI-specific information, such as defined by the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes or additional forms specific to the POI defined by the authorized POI personnel or owner.
- SIC Standard Industrial Classification
- a typical telephone book entry consists of the following 100 fields: 1). Name, 2). Street Address, 3). City, 4). State, 5). Zip Code, and 6). Telephone Number.
- An example of a typical telephone book entry is also provided 101 in FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 2 a typical system for securely updating, creating, and modifying POI-specific information is shown in FIG. 2 .
- a POI owner or authorized POI personnel 200 i.e., a person that has access to the telephone associated with the POI
- the telephone call is preferably connected 203 through the POI's Communication Provider 204 , such as being directly connected 203 to the telephone company's Central Office (CO) and then through a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN).
- the Communication Provider 204 can provide various connections to the Geographic Identification Server 218 , such as: 1).
- the Geographic Identification Server 218 & 300 includes various components as illustrated in FIG. 3 .
- Such components can include of the following: 1). Voice Server Interface 301 (i.e., providing a connection with a telephone carrier, such as with PSTN connection), 2).
- Internet Server Interface 302 i.e., providing web page support and web browser interface capability), 3).
- XML Server Interface 303 i.e., providing connectivity between various server components), 4).
- Database Server Interface 304 i.e., providing access to the User Database 306 and the POI Database 307 ), 5).
- Map Server Interface 305 i.e., providing the capability to show spatial maps of POIs, etc.
- User Database 306 i.e., storing user-specific data
- POI Database 307 i.e., storing POI-specific data).
- FIG. 4 illustrates this process of providing a password to an authorized POI user.
- a POI owner, manager, authority, or the like contacts 400 the Geographical Identification Server 218 .
- the call i.e., a telephone call, Voice Over IP (VoIP) call, etc.
- VoIP Voice Over IP
- the Communication Provider 204 identifies and authenticates the user's identity 403 , such as by using caller ID, which is well know in the art.
- the Geographic Identification Server 218 uses the POI's telephone, obtained through the use of caller ID, and matches that number to a known database 307 to check 404 & 405 if that particular POI associated with the identified telephone number is currently stored in the present database. If the POI is stored in the database, the Geographic Identification Server 218 provides the POI user with a unique password for that particular POI through the same open communication channel 407 . If the POI is not currently stored in the present database 307 , then the Geographic Identification Server 218 creates 406 a new POI record associated with the telephone number in which the fields associated with this newly created POI will not be populated until the authorized POI user updates them.
- the Geographic Identification Server 218 provides the POI user a unique password for that particular POI through the same open communication channel 407 . Additionally, the password can be transmitted either through the same communication channel or via another communication channel, such as the Internet. The password can also be mailed using the postal system to the POI address to provide an additional measure of security.
- the POI user may use the password, with or without additional POI information, such as a telephone number, to update or create specific POI fields.
- a user contacts the Geographic Identification Server 500 by utilizing a computing device 202 or 220 , such as a personal computer.
- a computing device 202 or 220 such as a personal computer.
- a user located at the particular POI, or at another location would use a computing device 202 or 220 to connect 214 or 219 to a communication provider, such as an ISP 215 , which is connected 216 to the Internet, Intranet, or Extranet 208 , for the purpose of obtaining Internet access.
- the Geographical identification Server 218 also has a direct Internet connection 217 , or has an indirect connection 211 to the Internet through an ISP 210 , which has a connection 209 to the Internet 208 .
- the authorized POI user can load, for example, a program or web browser, such as a Netscape or Microsoft IE browser, for the purpose of providing a direct data connection to the Geographic Identification Server 218 .
- a sign-in page loads 600 , as shown in FIG. 6 , that employs a secure SSL connection 603 .
- the authorized POI user enters 501 the POI's unique password 602 and telephone number 601 in the appropriate fields in the web page 600 .
- a new web page loads 604 that illustrates the POI user name 605 and current POI specific fields, such as the POI URL 606 , company name 607 , company street address 608 , and the company contact 609 .
- other fields exist, such as the capability to add more POI information fields 610 .
- the SIC codes provide various POI specific fields, such as contact name, address, city, state, 5 digit zip code, 4 digit zip code extension, etc., plus other fields can be incorporated, such as company URL address, business hours, etc.
- a subset of the entire SIC code fields amongst other fields is shown in FIG. 7 .
- FIG. 8 For the purpose of modifying, changing, or creating POI specific fields, such as a URL address or company name change, a method is provided as shown in FIG. 8 .
- an authorized POI user may update any POI field by clicking on the field they wish to change.
- an icon pointer 800 such as with using a mouse
- an authorized POI user would click on the field they wish to change.
- a new window would appear 801 that would provide all of the available information categories. To scroll through all of the available information categories, scroll bars have been provided at the top and bottom 803 of the new window.
- the window allows a user to create their own POI specific field 802 , such as a field for business operating hours.
- a POI-specific field can be chosen, as shown in FIG. 8B , by highlighting the appropriate field 804 with the icon pointer 805 , and then clicking on that field. The newly created field will appear in the original window 604 for which the authorized POI user can associate specific POI information with.
- This invention provides the ability, using slightly the same method and process as described above, for the purpose of mapping or associating position information of varying resolution to IP addresses. Utilizing the same process for determining a caller's identity, as illustrated in FIG. 2 and FIG. 4 , the system would then obtain as much information about the caller as possible. In one embodiment, a caller ID system would only provide a telephone number. This information would be used in conjunction with other identification methods, such as using a reverse phone number lookup to further identify the user.
- Submitting the correct information would lead to a new web page 904 welcoming the user 905 .
- the user would then be able to enter the IP address 906 , street address 907 , city, state, and zip code information 908 , latitude 909 , longitude 910 , altitude 911 , and error radius information 912 . Any of this information can be omitted, and the error radius information provides the user with the potential error in position information, such as when using a wireless gateway or an inaccurate GPS device.
- another method of verifying a user actually has control over a static IP address is by installing and running a program on the local client device.
- a client with a static IP address 1011 executes a software or firmware 1012 application that communicates directly with the client to securely determine the IP address 1011 of the client.
- the client then preferably communicates this information with the online networked server, also called the Location Name Server (LNS) 1002 .
- LNS Location Name Server
- This data communication can occur through a connection 1010 to the client's ISP gateway 1007 , which has a direct connection 1006 to the Internet, Intranet, or Extranet 1000 .
- the LNS 1002 has either a direct connection 1001 to the Internet, Intranet, or Extranet 1000 , or is connected 1003 to an ISP 1004 , which has a connection 1005 to the Internet, Intranet, or Extranet 1000 .
- the client 1011 communicates the IP information with the LNS 1002 , which then provides the user with a password, and allows the client 1011 to associate position information with the client's IP address on the LNS 1002 , as illustrated in FIG. 9 in the second window 904 .
- the client 1011 Once the position information is stored on the LNS 1002 for the client 1011 , it is now possible for the client 1011 to securely access its position information directly from the LNS 1002 , or from the software or firmware 1012 application running on the client 1011 . Additionally, other clients downstream 1017 & 1018 can access the position information of the primary client 1011 with the position-to-IP address information association from the LNS 1002 . This is possible since the path between a downstream client 1017 or 1018 and the LNS 1002 crosses the primary client 1011 , whose position-to-IP address information association is stored on the LNS 1002 , and since the primary client 1011 is an end-node device and that the other clients are downstream from the primary client 1011 .
- FIG. 11 illustrates nodes, which are represented as a subset of the Internet 1000 (from FIG. 10 ), and end-nodes (i.e., 1011 , 1002 , 1100 , 1101 , 1102 , 1103 , 1104 , 1105 , and 1106 ).
- An end-node device is a device that is not a router, i.e., a device that only has one connection to the routable Internet (i.e., including NAT devices).
- the node 1107 in FIG. 11 has 3 connections to 1109 , 1103 , and 1104 , and is thus acting as a gateway, bridge, or router.
- the line 1122 illustrates an A-side and B-side, where the A-side has routable Internet IP addresses, and the B-side has non-routable IP addresses (e.g., 192.168.168.168).
- the device 1103 is typically referred to as a Network Address Translation, or NAT, device, since it has various non-routable IP address devices 1119 , 1120 , and 1121 downstream from it, and because it can translate one routable IP address into multiple non-routable IP'addresses.
- NAT Network Address Translation
- a downstream path occurs when a packet connection is established such as between two end-node devices 1103 & 1106 , where the packet's route is in the downstream direction toward any end-node device (e.g., 1103 and 1106 ). So the downstream direction for the 1106 device is moving from the 1103 device towards the 1106 device, while the downstream direction for the 1103 device is moving from the 1106 device towards the 1103 device. Also, the downstream path can change between the two devices 1103 and 1106 .
- the packet's path could include travel through device 1110
- the packet's path could then travel through device 1114 instead of device 1110 .
- devices 1103 and 1106 are end-node devices and have only one routable Internet connection, packets between devices 1103 and 1106 must always pass through the devices 1107 & 1118 , since they are acting as gateway devices.
- the device 1103 is preferably allowed to request its position information from the LNS device 1106 .
- device 1100 could not request the position information for device 1103 from the LNS device 1106 , since it is not downstream from 1103 relative to the LNS 1106 .
- the device 1107 could not request the position information of 1103 .
- the device 1103 can request position information of device 1107 from the LNS 1106 since it is downstream from it.
- the primary client 1011 can have multiple devices (i.e., non-routable IP addressed devices) (e.g., 1017 & 1018 ) below it, since the primary client 1011 is acting as a wired 1015 or wireless 1021 & 1024 ( 1013 , 1016 , 1022 , and 1023 represent wireless antennas) NAT device or bridge. All downstream devices, such as devices 1017 , 1018 , 1026 , 1027 , 1028 , 1029 , and 1030 , are represented to the outside Internet network by the primary client device 1011 .
- devices 1017 , 1018 , 1026 , 1027 , 1028 , 1029 , and 1030 are represented to the outside Internet network by the primary client device 1011 .
- the downstream devices 1017 , 1018 , 1026 , 1027 , 1028 , 1029 , and 1030 can request position information about the primary client's position 1011 from the LNS 1002 or from the primary client device 1011 running the software or firmware 1012 application.
- non-routable IP address clients such as 1026 , 1027 , 1028 , and 1029 of FIG. 10
- non-routable IP address clients can obtain their location information even though they have non-routable Internet IP addresses (e.g., 192.168.168.168).
- a software or firmware 1012 application can run on the primary IP address client 1011 .
- This software or firmware 1012 application provides position information about the non-routable IP address clients, 1026 , 1027 , 1028 , and 1029 .
- the position 1200 of device 1011 is known by use of the previously explained methods.
- the LNS 1002 When one of the non-routable IP address clients (e.g., 1201 , 1202 , 1203 , 1204 , or 1205 ) requests its position information, the LNS 1002 returns the position information of the primary client device 1011 , and the primary client has stored the relative or true positions of the other clients (e.g., 1201 , 1202 , 1203 , 1204 , and/or 1205 ) and provides the correct information to the destination client.
- the non-routable IP address clients e.g., 1201 , 1202 , 1203 , 1204 , or 1205
- the LNS 1002 returns the position information of the primary client device 1011 , and the primary client has stored the relative or true positions of the other clients (e.g., 1201 , 1202 , 1203 , 1204 , and/or 1205 ) and provides the correct information to the destination client.
- the primary client or other upstream client (i.e., 1018 or 1017 ) runs a software or firmware application 1019 or 1020 that can provide its position information, or the position information of the other downstream clients (i.e., 1026 , 1027 , 1028 , 1029 , and/or 1030 ) or their position information relative to the primary client 1011 obtained from the LNS 1002 through their various connections (i.e., wired or wireless connections 1025 , 1024 , and/or 1031 ).
- the exact position of the other downstream clients can only be provided if they are not wireless (such is not the case with client 1029 ).
- the WHOIS approach method as illustrated in FIG. 2 and FIG. 4 and previously described for identifying a telephone identity, can also be applied to a WHOIS database search for identifying a user. Also, since the WHOIS database provides e-mail address information, the networked server can send e-mail to the user with password information, which is similar to the telephone identification method.
- an ISP can identify a block of IP addresses for position information.
- the ISP would provide some form of identification, such as an e-mail address, and the user's IP address information to the LNS 1002 and 1106 .
- the LNS 1002 & 1006 would verify the user's identity and authority by sending to the user an e-mail with a password to sign-in (as previously described). The verified user would then be allowed to update the position information for the IP addresses that they are responsible for, according to the ISP.
Abstract
Description
TABLE 1 |
Output from ARIN WHOIS Search |
WHOIS Search Query for IP Address 168.103.86.33 |
US WEST Communications Services (NET- |
OMAHAIVDS) |
600 Stinson Blvd | |
Minneapolis, MN 55413 | |
US | |
Netname: OMAHAIVDS | |
Netblock: 168.103.0.0 - 168.103.255.255 | |
Coordinator: |
Bechard, Keith (KB46-ARIN) |
keithb@ADVTECH.USWEST.COM |
(303) 541-6766 |
Domain System inverse mapping provided by: |
NS1.INTERPRISE.NET | 204.147.80.6 | |
NS2.INTERPRISE.NET | 168.103.8.1 | |
NS3.INTERPRISE.NET | 207.224.192.1 |
Record last updated on 21-Aug-2000. | ||
Database last updated on 16-Aug-2001 23:00:27 EDT. | ||
-
- 1. Running a WHOIS Database Search (example provide above).
- 2. Using a reverse DNS lookup to find out the host's name:
- a. As an example, given the IP address 132.74.18.2, a Domain Name Server (DNS) lookup translates the address to “construct.haifa.ac.il”, which provides various hints, such as that the Top-Level Domain (TLD) is “.il”, which implies that the host is in Israel. Additionally, the next two domains are haifa.ac, implying that the host belongs to the ‘haifa’ academia institute. The Haifa University happens to be in the city of Haifa, thus the IP address position information is in Haifa.
- b. Another example is, given the IP address 128.149.22.146, a DNS lookup translates the address to “b238-edge-g3-0-1.jpl.nasa.gov”, which also provides various hints, such as that the TLD “.gov” represents that the host is at a government facility (i.e., in the US). Additionally, the “jpl.nasa” implies that the host belongs to Caltech's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, which belongs also to NASA. Looking up the location of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in a separate address database reveals that it has an address of 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, Calif., 91109. Looking at the “b238-edge-g3-0-1” implies that the location of the IP address is in Building 238 at JPL. This naming convention, however, is esoteric and only staff or IT members at JPL would probably know what it illustrates.
- 3. Using a trace route program, since IP is based on a packet switched system, to determine approximate locations of routes between the two end-point IP addresses. The names of the routers through which packets flow from the origin host to the destination host might provide various hints of the geographical path (i.e. locations through which the packets flow), and of the final destination's physical location. For example, running a trace route program from Pasadena, Calif. to www.mit.edu yields the follow output:
- 1 * * * Request timed out.
- 2 40 ms 50 ms 40 ms brbndslgw1PoolA254.brbn.qwest.net [168.103.228.254]
- 3 40 ms 50 ms 40 ms bur-edge-02.inet.qwest.net [205.171.13.153]
- 4 50 ms 51 ms 50 ms svl-core-01.inet.qwest.net [205.171.5.219]
- 5 50 ms 50 ms 50 ms sjo-core-01.inet.qwest.net [205.171.5.99]
- 6 60 ms 50 ms 50 ms sfo-core-02.inet.qwest.net [205.171.5.123]
- 7 110 ms 120 ms 111 ms jfk-core-01.inet.qwest.net [205.171.5.113]
- 8 110 ms 120 ms 111 ms p3-3.nycmny1-cr8.bbnplanet.net [4.24.187.13]
- 9 120 ms 121 ms 120 ms p6-0.bstnma1-br1.bbnplanet.net [4.24.6.49]
- 10 120 ms 121 ms 130 ms p6-1.cambridge1-nbr2.bbnplanet.net [4.0.6.245]
- 11 120 ms 120 ms 130 ms p10-0-0.mit2.bbnplanet.net [4.1.80.10]
- 12 120 ms 130 ms 130 ms NW12-RTR-BACKBONE.MIT.EDU [18.168.0.16]
- 13 130 ms 130 ms 120 ms. DANDELION-PATCH.MIT.EDU [18.181.0.31]
- Hence, it is possible to see all of the routers in between the two end points of Pasadena, Calif. and www.mit.edu using a trace route program, and by using the WHOIS database find their approximate locations.
- 4. Analyzing naming conventions of ISPs and Internet backbone connections.
- a. AT&T Dialups: <port>.<router-location>.<state>.dial-access.att.net
- b. UU.net Dialups: <port>.<device>.<city>.<state>.<iu>.uu.net: <port>.<device>.<airport>.<iu>.uu.net
- Thus, it is possible using this method to determine the location of a router for various ISPs and backbone connections down to the City, State, or specific Airport location. For an actual location, i.e., an exact address, this naming convention proves insufficient.
Claims (9)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US12/339,014 US8090796B2 (en) | 2001-09-05 | 2008-12-18 | Position identification method and system |
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US31751901P | 2001-09-05 | 2001-09-05 | |
US10/235,963 US7486958B2 (en) | 2001-09-05 | 2002-09-04 | System and method for maintaining an online point-of-interest directory |
US12/339,014 US8090796B2 (en) | 2001-09-05 | 2008-12-18 | Position identification method and system |
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US10/235,963 Division US7486958B2 (en) | 2001-09-05 | 2002-09-04 | System and method for maintaining an online point-of-interest directory |
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US20090100185A1 US20090100185A1 (en) | 2009-04-16 |
US8090796B2 true US8090796B2 (en) | 2012-01-03 |
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US12/339,014 Expired - Fee Related US8090796B2 (en) | 2001-09-05 | 2008-12-18 | Position identification method and system |
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US10/235,963 Expired - Lifetime US7486958B2 (en) | 2001-09-05 | 2002-09-04 | System and method for maintaining an online point-of-interest directory |
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US (2) | US7486958B2 (en) |
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US20030078035A1 (en) | 2003-04-24 |
US7486958B2 (en) | 2009-02-03 |
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