CN102064749A - Motor soft startup device capable of giving consideration to reactive power compensation and control method thereof - Google Patents
Motor soft startup device capable of giving consideration to reactive power compensation and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a motor soft startup device capable of giving consideration to reactive power compensation and a control method thereof. The device comprises a power inverter, a selector switch and a master controller, wherein the selector switch comprises a power grid side switch, a motor side switch and a synchronization switch; the power inverter comprises a three-phase phase shift transformer, a plurality of rectifier modules, a plurality of inverter modules and an alternating current reactor, wherein a primary winding of the three-phase phase shift transformer is connected with a power grid by the power grid side selector switch; a secondary winding of the three-phase phase shift transformer is connected with the rectifier modules of the same level; the rectifier modules are connected with the inverter modules; after being successively connected in series, the inverter modules of same phase are connected with the alternating current reactor connected with the power grid by the motor; and the master controller is respectively connected with a voltage transformer and a current transformer installed on the primary winding of the three-phase phase shift transformer and the alternating current reactor and is connected with the inverter module via an optical fiber. The invention also discloses a control method based on the motor soft startup device. The invention can realize the soft startup of the motor, and can dynamically compensate reactive power according to the working condition of the motor.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the soft starter for motor research field, particularly a kind of soft starter for motor device and control method thereof of taking into account reactive power compensation.
Background technology
In actual applications, if with motor, especially high-voltage high-power motor is directly started, can produce starting current times over rated current, the caused electric and mechanical shock of this electric current will cause the electric motor starting failure, even threaten device security, therefore must adopt starting drive that the electric current in the electric motor starting process is limited.The prior motor starting drive comprises: series reactor reduced voltage starter, variable resistor starter and electronic type thyristor voltage regulation soft starting device etc.All there are some problems in these starting drives, and when for example adopting the series reactor reduced voltage starter, the impulse current of startup is bigger, has secondary pulse during switching; Then floor space is big to adopt the variable resistor starter, the civil engineering costs height, and can not come into operation once more at short notice; Electronic type thyristor voltage regulation soft starting device adopts phased approach to regulate output voltage, can reduce power factor of electric network, and bring harmonic pollution.In addition, after electric motor starting is finished, the operation of motor incision common frequency power network, starting device is out of service.Therefore, in the conventional motors start-up technique scheme, usage ratio of equipment is low-down.
At present, high-voltage high-power motor mainly is an asynchronous machine, the rated power factor of asynchronous machine is about 0.9, power factor can be lower during light running, so need to install reactive-load compensation equipment, reactive-load compensation equipment mainly is meant power capacitor at present, but the power capacitor compensation characteristic depends on power supply voltage level, it can not realize dynamic compensation according to load variations, can only carry out grouping switching by mechanical device, if but the number of times of switching too frequently can shorten the life-span of electric capacity, can cause no merits and demerits to mend or owe to mend very little again, therefore be difficult to accurately control.
Therefore, need provide a kind of soft starter for motor device and control method thereof that can either realize that the motor non-impacting start again can the dynamic compensation reactive power.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of soft starter for motor device and control method thereof of taking into account reactive power compensation is provided, can either realize that by these apparatus and method the motor non-impacting start again can the dynamic compensation reactive power.
The invention provides a kind of soft starter for motor device of taking into account reactive power compensation, comprise power inverter, diverter switch and master controller, described diverter switch comprises grid side switch, motor side switch and the switch that is incorporated into the power networks; Described power inverter comprises three-phase phase-shifting transformer, several rectification modules and inversion module, AC reactor, and the former limit winding of three-phase phase-shifting transformer links to each other with electrical network by the grid side diverter switch, and the secondary winding is divided into N group winding; The input side of rectification module links to each other with the three-phase phase-shifting transformer secondary winding of peer, outlet side links to each other with the input side of inversion module, after connecting successively, the inversion module of homophase constitutes change of current chain, link to each other with AC reactor, link to each other with motor stator behind the AC reactor process motor side switch, motor stator links to each other with electrical network through the switch that is incorporated into the power networks; Described master controller links to each other with the grid side voltage transformer summation current transformer that is installed in the former limit of three-phase phase-shifting transformer, links to each other with voltage transformer with the motor side current transformer that is installed in the AC reactor output, links to each other with inversion module through optical fiber.
The former limit winding of described three-phase phase-shifting transformer is the high-pressure side, and the secondary winding is low-pressure side and is divided into many group secondary windings that every group of secondary winding output voltage amplitude equates that phase place differs a phase shifting angle successively.
Described phase shifting angle is 60 °/N, and N is the group number of three-phase phase-shifting transformer secondary winding.
Described rectification module comprises the rectified three-phase circuit that diode constitutes, and is used for alternating voltage is converted into direct voltage.
Described inversion module comprises that connection contactor, direct current support electric capacity, H bridge inverter circuit and module controller, inversion module is connected with rectification module by connecting contactor, direct current supports electric capacity and is used for stable DC voltage, its two ends are the input side of inversion module, the H bridge inverter circuit is output as the outlet side of inversion module, module controller be connected contactor, direct current and support electric capacity and link to each other with the H bridge inverter circuit, link to each other by optical fiber with master controller, be used to receive the commands for controlling inversion module work of master controller, feed back the state information of inversion module simultaneously; Described H bridge inverter circuit is used for direct voltage is converted into alternating voltage.
The H bridge inverter circuit is made of all-controlling power electronics devices such as IGBT or IGCT in the described inversion module.
AC reactor in the described power inverter is used for the high order composition of absorption plant output voltage, the circulation that the restriction departure may cause when motor drops into electrical network, the output voltage of isolation line voltage and change of current chain during compensating reactive power.
Described diverter switch is according to the instruction action of master controller, and power inverter is connected with motor when starter motor, power inverter and motor parallel when compensating reactive power.
The present invention also provides a kind of soft starter for motor control method of taking into account reactive power compensation based on said apparatus, specifically may further comprise the steps:
(1) the closed earlier grid side switch that connects former limit of three-phase phase-shifting transformer and electrical network, the closed again motor side switch that connects reactor and motor stator side, direct voltage is set up at direct current support this moment electric capacity two ends, and becomes series relationship between power inverter and the motor;
(2) master controller is according to the frequency and the amplitude of the proportional boosted output voltages of setting of acceleration curve, and motor quickens gradually from static beginning under the effect of output voltage;
(3) frequency of output voltage rise to power frequency, when amplitude rises to the motor load voltage value, master controller is gathered the mains voltage signal of voltage measuring transformer, line voltage is carried out phase-locked, obtains the phase place of line voltage;
(4) master controller is according to the phase-locked result of line voltage, with the line voltage is reference, regulates output voltage amplitude and phase place, controls to line voltage the motor input voltage in full accord, just frequency, amplitude and phase place all overlap with line voltage, and this moment is success synchronously;
(5) back stable operation a period of time of success synchronously, master controller sends the motor instruction of being incorporated into the power networks, the switch that is incorporated into the power networks of this motor of closure and electrical network junction, this motor drops into electrical network, disconnect the motor side switch of AC reactor and this motor junction, after this this motor is by the electrical network feed, and soft start is finished; Whether judge then has other motors to be started in the system, be then successively repeating step (1) all finish soft start to (5) until remaining starter motor, enter step (6) then, otherwise directly enter step (6);
(6) master controller sends instruction, disconnect the grid side switch, disconnect the connection contactor in each inversion module, power inverter is changed in quality and is the inversion module of homophase and AC reactor series connection, closed motor side switch, to install and drop into electrical network once more, this moment, power inverter became relation in parallel with motor;
(7) master controller is according to the voltage and current calculated signals reactive power to be compensated of voltage transformer summation current transformer measurement motor stator side, and the reactive power of power controlling converter output equivalent realizes reactive power compensation.
The acceleration curve of setting in the described step (2) is expressed as follows:
Wherein u is the device output voltage, and f is the frequency of output voltage, f
NBe motor rated frequency, U
NBe motor rated voltage, U
0Being torque magnification voltage, is 0.01~0.05 times motor rated voltage, the U of selection
0Different then the acceleration curve difference that obtains is worked as U
0, can obtain acceleration curve commonly used at=0 o'clock:
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, the present invention controls output voltage by master controller, can control current of electric all the time in the electric motor starting process near rated value, greatly reduces electric motor starting to the influence of electrical network and the damage of motor itself, realizes the non-impacting start of motor.
2, master controller can improve power factor of electric network according to the operating mode dynamic compensation reactive power of motor among the present invention, avoids the idle waste of energy that flows and cause.
3, the present invention can start multiple electric motors at short notice continuously, and can switch fast between electric motor starting and two functions of reactive power compensation, has improved utilization rate of equipment and installations.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 starts the electric hookup of a motor for apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the topology diagram of power inverter in apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the topology diagram of rectification module and inversion module in apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 4 (a)-(b) is the uphill process figure of apparatus of the present invention output voltage amplitude and frequency when starter motor;
Fig. 5 (a) is the line voltages of apparatus of the present invention when starter motor;
Fig. 5 (b1)-(b4) is the procedure chart that apparatus of the present invention output voltage when starter motor is followed the trail of line voltage;
Fig. 6 starts the electric hookup of three motors for apparatus of the present invention.
In Fig. 1~3: the 1-power inverter; The 2-master controller; The 3-three-phase phase-shifting transformer; The 4-rectification module; The 5-inversion module; The 6-AC reactor; 7-grid side switch; 8-motor side switch; The 9-switch that is incorporated into the power networks; 10-connects contactor; The 11-direct current supports electric capacity; The 12-H bridge inverter circuit; The 13-module controller; 14-optical fiber; 15-grid side voltage transformer; 16-grid side current transformer; 17-motor side voltage transformer; 18-motor side current transformer.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Fig. 1 is to Figure 3 shows that at the scheme that starts a motor and carry out reactive power compensation, a kind of soft starter for motor device of taking into account reactive power compensation, comprise power inverter 1, diverter switch and master controller 2, described diverter switch comprises grid side switch 7, motor side switch 8 and the switch 9 that is incorporated into the power networks; Described power inverter 1 comprises three-phase phase-shifting transformer 3, several rectification modules 4 and inversion module 5, AC reactor 6, and the former limit winding of three-phase phase-shifting transformer 3 links to each other with electrical network by the grid side diverter switch, and the secondary winding is divided into N group winding; The input side of rectification module 4 links to each other with the three-phase phase-shifting transformer secondary winding of peer, outlet side links to each other with the input side of inversion module 5, after connecting successively, the inversion module 5 of homophase constitutes change of current chain, link to each other with AC reactor 6, AC reactor 6 links to each other with motor stator through motor side switch 8 backs, and motor stator links to each other with electrical network through the switch 9 that is incorporated into the power networks; Described master controller 2 links to each other with grid side current transformer 16 with the grid side voltage transformer 15 that is installed in three-phase phase-shifting transformer 3 former limits, link to each other with motor side voltage transformer 17 with the motor side current transformer 18 that is installed in AC reactor 6 outputs, link to each other with inversion module 5 through optical fiber 14.
The former limit winding of described three-phase phase-shifting transformer 3 is the high-pressure side, and the secondary winding is low-pressure side and is divided into many group secondary windings that every group of secondary winding output voltage amplitude equates that phase place differs a phase shifting angle successively.
Described phase shifting angle is 60 °/N, and N is the group number of three-phase phase-shifting transformer 3 secondary windings.
Described rectification module 4 comprises the rectified three-phase circuit that diode constitutes, and is used for alternating voltage is converted into direct voltage.
As shown in Figure 3, described inversion module 5 comprises connection contactor 10, direct current supports electric capacity 11, H bridge inverter circuit 12 and module controller 13, inversion module 5 is connected with rectification module 4 by connecting contactor 10, direct current supports electric capacity 11 and is used for stable DC voltage, its two ends are the input side of inversion module 5, H bridge inverter circuit 12 is output as the outlet side of inversion module 5, module controller 13 be connected contactor 10, direct current supports electric capacity 11 and links to each other with H bridge inverter circuit 12, link to each other by optical fiber 14 with master controller 2, be used to receive commands for controlling inversion module 5 work of master controller 2, feed back the state information of inversion module 5 simultaneously; Described H bridge inverter circuit 12 is used for direct voltage is converted into alternating voltage.
H bridge inverter circuit 12 is made of IGBT in the described inversion module 5.
AC reactor 6 in the described power inverter 1 is used for the high order composition of absorption plant output voltage, the circulation that the restriction departure may cause when motor drops into electrical network, the output voltage of isolation line voltage and change of current chain during compensating reactive power.
Described diverter switch is according to the instruction action of master controller 2, and power inverter 1 is connected with motor when starter motor, power inverter 1 and motor parallel when compensating reactive power.
The present invention also provides a kind of soft starter for motor control method of taking into account reactive power compensation based on said apparatus, specifically may further comprise the steps:
(1) the closed earlier grid side switch 7 that connects three-phase phase-shifting transformer 3 former limits and electrical network, the closed again motor side switch 8 that connects reactor and motor stator side, direct voltage is set up at direct current support this moment electric capacity 11 two ends, and becomes series relationship between power inverter 1 and the motor;
(2) master controller 2 is according to the frequency and the amplitude of the proportional boosted output voltages of setting of acceleration curve, and motor quickens gradually from static beginning under the effect of output voltage; Voltage magnitude and frequency change process are as shown in Figure 4, among Fig. 4 (a), shown in acceleration curve 1, the rising of all starting from scratch of output voltage amplitude and frequency, keep constant amplitude/frequency proportions, if motor inertia is big or band carries startup, increase voltage in the low frequency stage, rise according to the track shown in the acceleration curve 2; T1, t2 have represented three kinds of different accelerating time with t3 among Fig. 4 (b);
(3) frequency of output voltage rise to power frequency, when amplitude rises to the motor load voltage value, master controller 2 is gathered the mains voltage signal of voltage measuring transformers, line voltage is carried out phase-locked, obtains the phase place of line voltage;
(4) master controller 2 is according to the phase-locked result of line voltage, with the line voltage is reference, regulate output voltage amplitude and phase place, control to line voltage the motor input voltage in full accord, the synchronous process of voltage as shown in Figure 5, after motor quickens to finish, phase difference between the phase place of output voltage and the phase place of line voltage is at random, the waveform of Fig. 5 (b1) is represented the output voltage that installs after motor quickens to finish, Fig. 5 (a) represents line voltage, under the adjustment of master controller 2, voltage waveform is through the variation of the Fig. 5 that associates (b1) to Fig. 5 (b4), Fig. 5 (b4) and Fig. 5 (a) are in full accord, just the frequency of output voltage, amplitude and phase place all overlap with line voltage, and this moment is success synchronously;
(5) back stable operation a period of time of success synchronously, master controller 2 sends the motor instruction of being incorporated into the power networks, the switch 9 that is incorporated into the power networks of closed this motor and electrical network junction, this motor drops into electrical network, disconnect the motor side switch 8 of AC reactor 6 and this motor junction, after this this motor is by the electrical network feed, and soft start is finished;
(6) master controller 2 sends instruction, disconnect grid side switch 7, disconnect the connection contactor 10 in each inversion module 5, Power Conversion is partly changed in quality and is the inversion module 5 of homophase and AC reactor 6 series connection, closed motor side switch 8, to install and drop into electrical network once more, this moment, power inverter 1 became relation in parallel with motor;
(7) master controller 2 is according to the voltage and current calculated signals reactive power to be compensated of voltage transformer summation current transformer measurement motor stator side, and the reactive power of power controlling converter 1 output equivalent realizes reactive power compensation.
Wherein u is the device output voltage, and f is the frequency of output voltage, f
NBe motor rated frequency, U
NBe motor rated voltage, U
0Being torque magnification voltage, is 0.01 times motor rated voltage, works as U
0=0 o'clock, can obtain acceleration curve commonly used, promptly acceleration curve 1, and formula is as follows:
Other structures and implementation method are with embodiment 1 except that following characteristics: as shown in Figure 6, be that a soft starting device starts three motor M respectively
1, M
2And M
3, and the technical scheme of carrying out reactive power compensation.Soft starting device is by the grid side K switch
N1And K
N2Link to each other with electrical network, by the motor side K switch
M1, K
M2And K
M3Link to each other with motor to be started, motor is respectively by the K switch that is incorporated into the power networks
1, K
2And K
3Link to each other with electrical network.
Suppose that first motor to be started is M
1, start M
1Control method and embodiment 1 in start the in full accord of a motor, just the step in the control method (1) is to step (5).Be that motor meets after the condition of being incorporated into the power networks, master controller 2 sends switching command, earlier closed K
1, disconnect K again
M1, motor M then
1Drop into electrical network, M
1Start-up course finish the output voltage vanishing.Judge then whether other motors to be started are arranged in the system, find to also have motor M
2And M
3Need to start, so repeat among the embodiment method step (1) to step (5), promptly closed K
M2, disconnect K
2, motor M
2With power inverter 1 series connection, repeated priming motor M
1Process, with motor M
2Drop into electrical network, closed K
2, disconnect K
M2, M
2Start-up course finish the output voltage vanishing; The repeated priming motor M
2Process, with M
3Drop into electrical network, closed K
3, disconnect K
M3, M
3Start-up course finish the output voltage vanishing.
According to above-mentioned control method, successively three motors are finished quicken and be incorporated into the power networks after, motor enters the power frequency operation state by mains supply.Device enters the mode of operation of reactive power compensation, disconnects the connection contactor K between each rectification module 4 and the inversion module 5, disconnects net side K switch
N1, closed net side K switch
N2, power inverter 1 is through diverter switch K
N2Electrical network is inserted in the back, forms relation in parallel with three load motors, hangs on the high voltage bus together.The voltage transformer summation current transformer that is installed in motor stator side both sides is measured the voltage and current signal of motor stator side, measurement result is sent into master controller 2, in master controller 2, calculate the reactive power sum that all motor loads absorb from electrical network, the reactive power of device output equivalent, thus the power factor of motor and electrical network junction improved.
In the present embodiment in the inversion module 5 H bridge inverter circuit 12 constitute by IGCT.
As mentioned above, just can realize the present invention preferably, the foregoing description is preferred embodiment of the present invention only, is not to be used for limiting practical range of the present invention; Be that all equalizations of doing according to content of the present invention change and modification, all contained by claim of the present invention scope required for protection.
Claims (10)
1. a soft starter for motor device of taking into account reactive power compensation is characterized in that, comprises power inverter, diverter switch and master controller, and described diverter switch comprises grid side switch, motor side switch and the switch that is incorporated into the power networks; Described power inverter comprises three-phase phase-shifting transformer, several rectification modules and inversion module, AC reactor, and the former limit winding of three-phase phase-shifting transformer links to each other with electrical network by the grid side diverter switch, and the secondary winding is divided into N group winding; The input side of rectification module links to each other with the three-phase phase-shifting transformer secondary winding of peer, outlet side links to each other with the input side of inversion module, after connecting successively, the inversion module of homophase constitutes change of current chain, link to each other with AC reactor, link to each other with motor stator behind the AC reactor process motor side switch, motor stator links to each other with electrical network through the switch that is incorporated into the power networks; Described master controller links to each other with the grid side voltage transformer summation current transformer that is installed in the former limit of three-phase phase-shifting transformer, links to each other with voltage transformer with the motor side current transformer that is installed in the AC reactor output, links to each other with inversion module through optical fiber.
2. a kind of soft starter for motor device of taking into account reactive power compensation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the former limit winding of described three-phase phase-shifting transformer is the high-pressure side, the secondary winding is low-pressure side and is divided into many group secondary windings, every group of secondary winding output voltage amplitude equates that phase place differs a phase shifting angle successively.
3. a kind of soft starter for motor device of taking into account reactive power compensation according to claim 2 is characterized in that phase shifting angle is 60 °/N, and N is the group number of three-phase phase-shifting transformer secondary winding.
4. a kind of soft starter for motor device of taking into account reactive power compensation according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described rectification module comprises the rectified three-phase circuit that diode constitutes, and is used for alternating voltage is converted into direct voltage.
5. a kind of soft starter for motor device of taking into account reactive power compensation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described inversion module comprises the connection contactor, direct current supports electric capacity, H bridge inverter circuit and module controller, inversion module is connected with rectification module by connecting contactor, direct current supports electric capacity and is used for stable DC voltage, its two ends are the input side of inversion module, the H bridge inverter circuit is output as the outlet side of inversion module, module controller be connected contactor, direct current supports electric capacity and links to each other with the H bridge inverter circuit, link to each other by optical fiber with master controller, be used to receive the commands for controlling inversion module work of master controller, feed back the state information of inversion module simultaneously; Described H bridge inverter circuit is used for direct voltage is converted into alternating voltage.
6. a kind of soft starter for motor device of taking into account reactive power compensation according to claim 5 is characterized in that the H bridge inverter circuit is made of all-controlling power electronics device in the described inversion module.
7. a kind of soft starter for motor device of taking into account reactive power compensation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, AC reactor in the described power inverter is used for the high order composition of absorption plant output voltage, the circulation that the restriction departure may cause when motor drops into electrical network, the output voltage of isolation line voltage and change of current chain during compensating reactive power.
8. a kind of soft starter for motor device of taking into account reactive power compensation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described diverter switch is according to the instruction action of master controller, and power inverter is connected with motor when starter motor, power inverter and motor parallel when compensating reactive power.
9. a soft starter for motor control method of taking into account reactive power compensation is characterized in that, specifically may further comprise the steps:
(1) the closed earlier grid side switch that connects former limit of three-phase phase-shifting transformer and electrical network, the closed again motor side switch that connects reactor and motor stator side, direct voltage is set up at direct current support this moment electric capacity two ends, and becomes series relationship between power inverter and the motor;
(2) master controller is according to the frequency and the amplitude of the proportional boosted output voltages of setting of acceleration curve, and motor quickens gradually from static beginning under the effect of output voltage;
(3) frequency of output voltage rise to power frequency, when amplitude rises to the motor load voltage value, master controller is gathered the mains voltage signal of voltage measuring transformer, line voltage is carried out phase-locked, obtains the phase place of line voltage;
(4) master controller is according to the phase-locked result of line voltage, with the line voltage is reference, regulates output voltage amplitude and phase place, controls to line voltage the motor input voltage in full accord, just frequency, amplitude and phase place all overlap with line voltage, and this moment is success synchronously;
(5) back stable operation a period of time of success synchronously, master controller sends the motor instruction of being incorporated into the power networks, the switch that is incorporated into the power networks of this motor of closure and electrical network junction, this motor drops into electrical network, disconnect the motor side switch of AC reactor and this motor junction, after this this motor is by the electrical network feed, and soft start is finished; Whether judge then has other motors to be started in the system, be then successively repeating step (1) all finish soft start to (5) until remaining starter motor, enter step (6) then, otherwise directly enter step (6);
(6) master controller sends instruction, disconnect the grid side switch, disconnect the connection contactor in each inversion module, power inverter is changed in quality and is the inversion module of homophase and AC reactor series connection, closed motor side switch, to install and drop into electrical network once more, this moment, power inverter became relation in parallel with motor;
(7) master controller is according to the voltage and current calculated signals reactive power to be compensated of voltage transformer summation current transformer measurement motor stator side, and the reactive power of power controlling converter output equivalent realizes reactive power compensation.
10. the soft starter for motor control method of taking into account reactive power compensation according to claim 9 is characterized in that, the acceleration curve of setting in the described step (2) is expressed as follows:
Wherein u is the device output voltage, and f is the frequency of output voltage, f
NBe motor rated frequency, U
NBe motor rated voltage, U
0Being torque magnification voltage, is 0.01~0.05 times motor rated voltage, the U of selection
0Different then the acceleration curve difference that obtains.
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CN104135015A (en) * | 2014-07-12 | 2014-11-05 | 中国矿业大学 | Soft starting method improved based on H-bridge cascade STATCOM (Static Synchronous Compensator) |
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CN110994627A (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2020-04-10 | 赫普能源环境科技有限公司 | Configuration system of electric heat storage device |
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CN111293896B (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2022-09-09 | 东芝三菱电机产业系统株式会社 | Power conversion device |
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