CA2631029C - Methods and systems for providing enhanced position location in wireless communications - Google Patents
Methods and systems for providing enhanced position location in wireless communications Download PDFInfo
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- CA2631029C CA2631029C CA2631029A CA2631029A CA2631029C CA 2631029 C CA2631029 C CA 2631029C CA 2631029 A CA2631029 A CA 2631029A CA 2631029 A CA2631029 A CA 2631029A CA 2631029 C CA2631029 C CA 2631029C
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W72/00—Local resource management
- H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
- H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
- H04W72/0446—Resources in time domain, e.g. slots or frames
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W64/00—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
- G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
- G01S5/0205—Details
- G01S5/0221—Receivers
- G01S5/02213—Receivers arranged in a network for determining the position of a transmitter
- G01S5/02216—Timing or synchronisation of the receivers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/24—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts
- H04B7/26—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts at least one of which is mobile
- H04B7/2628—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts at least one of which is mobile using code-division multiple access [CDMA] or spread spectrum multiple access [SSMA]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/24—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts
- H04B7/26—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts at least one of which is mobile
- H04B7/2643—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts at least one of which is mobile using time-division multiple access [TDMA]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
- H04W48/08—Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W8/00—Network data management
- H04W8/02—Processing of mobility data, e.g. registration information at HLR [Home Location Register] or VLR [Visitor Location Register]; Transfer of mobility data, e.g. between HLR, VLR or external networks
- H04W8/08—Mobility data transfer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
- H04W48/08—Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery
- H04W48/14—Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery using user query or user detection
Abstract
Embodiments disclosed herein relate to methods and systems for providing improved position-location (e.g., time-of-arrival) measurement and enhanced position location in wireless communication systems. In an embodiment, an access point may replace information (e.g., data) transmission by a "known"
transmission (or "reference transmission") at a predetermined time known to access terminals in the corresponding sectors. The access terminals may use the received reference transmission to perform a position-location measurement, and report back the measured information. The access point may also send a reference transmission on demand, e.g., in response to a request from an access terminal in need for a location-based service.
transmission (or "reference transmission") at a predetermined time known to access terminals in the corresponding sectors. The access terminals may use the received reference transmission to perform a position-location measurement, and report back the measured information. The access point may also send a reference transmission on demand, e.g., in response to a request from an access terminal in need for a location-based service.
Description
METHODS AND SYSTEMS .FOR PROVI.D.ING ENHANCED
POSITION LOC: ATl ON IN WIRELESS COMMI]NICITIONS
BACKGROUND
F ieq d loooll This disclosure re)a.tes generally to wireless communications. More specifically.
embodiments disclosed herein relate to prove idin g improved tianeaofrarriva1 measurement and enhanced lpositio.n location in tireless co a umcation S stem .
Background (O )O2] Wireless communication systems are %vldel deployed to provide various vy-pes of comamranaaaicatioaas (such as voice and data) to multiple users. Such systems may be based on code division multiple access (CD\tA), time division multiple access (TDMIA), fretluenc y division multiple access (D:MIA), or other multiple access techniques. A wireless communication system may be designed to implement o le or ca Gore standards. such as IS. 95_ cd.ma2000. IS-85(, W-CDMA. TO-SC.DMA_ and other standards.
t Os l Presence detection and location-based services have long been sought after in wireless communications. in addition to supporting emergency service--, (e.g..
calls). w 0reless operators are stri~ing to provide a ww >ide range of new application:
targeted for the everyday consumer and enterprise user, such as child locators. turn-bay-turn navigation, directory services, voice concierge. roadside assistance, and many others. A challenge hence lies in prodding accurate and reliable: position location to enable such applications.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE D AWINGS
100041 FIG l illustrates an embodiunent of a wireless conlinunication systetxm;
(t t05I FIG, 2 illustrates an embodiment of forward link slot structure in an IS-856 type ICK)0 1 FIGs. 3 -ssB illustrate embodiments of forward link slot structure for reference transmission, [0007] FIG. 4A illustrates an embodiment of forward link structure in an IS-95 type system;
[0008] FIG. 4B illustrates an embodiment of forward link structure for reference transmission;
[0009] FIG. 5 illustrates a flow diagram of a process, which may be used to implement some disclosed embodiments;
[0010] FIG. 6 illustrates a flow diagram of a process, which may be used to implement some disclosed embodiments;
[0011] FIG. 7 illustrates a flow diagram of a process, which may be used to implement some disclosed embodiments;
[0012] FIG. 8 illustrates a flow diagram of a process, which may be used to implement some disclosed embodiments;
[0013] FIG. 9 illustrates a block diagram of an apparatus, in which some disclosed embodiments may be implemented; and [0014] FIG. 10 illustrates a block diagram of an apparatus, in which some disclosed embodiments may be implemented.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0015] Embodiments disclosed herein relate to methods and systems for providing enhanced position location in wireless communication systems.
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for wireless communications, comprising: generating a pilot signal and a reference signal, the reference signal comprising a sequence of symbols known to an access terminal; and transmitting the pilot signal and the reference signal in a time slot.
2a According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a machine-readable medium storing processor-executable instructions that, when executed by at least one processor of a wireless communications apparatus, cause the wireless communications apparatus to perform steps, comprising: generating a pilot signal and a reference signal, the reference signal comprising a sequence of symbols known to an access terminal; and transmitting the pilot signal and the reference signal in a time slot.
According to still another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus adapted for wireless communications, comprising: means for generating a pilot signal and a reference signal, the reference signal comprising a sequence of symbols known to an access terminal; and means for transmitting the pilot signal and the reference signal in a time slot.
According to yet another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus adapted for wireless communications, comprising: a reference-generating unit to generate a pilot signal and a reference signal, the reference signal comprising a sequence of symbols known to an access terminal;
and a transmitting unit to transmit the pilot signal and the reference signal in a time slot.
According to a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for wireless communications, comprising: receiving a pilot signal and a reference signal in a time slot, wherein the reference signal is received in lieu of at least a portion of traffic data over a traffic channel, the reference signal comprising a sequence of symbols known to a receiver; and performing a position-location measurement based on the pilot signal and the reference signal.
According to yet a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for wireless communications, comprising: means for receiving a time slot having a pilot signal and a reference signal, wherein the reference signal is received in lieu of at least a portion of traffic data over a traffic channel; and means for performing a position-location measurement based on the pilot signal and the reference signal.
2b According to still a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for wireless communications, comprising: receiving a pilot signal and a portion of a control channel, wherein information received over the portion of the control channel is known at a receiver prior to being received; and performing a position-location measurement based on the pilot signal and the portion of the control channel.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a wireless device comprising: at least one receiver; at least one transmitter;
and at least one controller coupled to the at least one receiver and to the at least one transmitter, wherein the at least one controller is configured to perform steps comprising: receiving a time slot comprising a pilot channel and at least one other channel, wherein the pilot channel comprises a pilot signal, and the at least one other channel comprises a reference signal having information which is known at the receiver prior to being received; and performing a position-location measurement based at least on the reference signal.
According to yet another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a machine-readable medium storing processor-executable instructions that, when executed by at least one processor of a wireless communications apparatus, cause the wireless communications apparatus to perform steps, the steps comprising: receiving a time slot comprising a pilot channel and at least one other channel, wherein the pilot channel comprises a pilot signal, and the at least one other channel comprises a reference signal having information which is known at a receiver prior to being received; and performing a position-location measurement based at least on the reference signal.
According to still another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a wireless device comprising: means for receiving; means for transmitting;
and means for processing coupled to the means for receiving and to the means for transmitting, wherein the means for processing is configured to perform steps 2c comprising: receiving a time slot comprising a pilot channel and at least one other channel, wherein the pilot channel comprises a pilot signal, and the at least one other channel comprises a reference signal having information which is known at a receiver prior to being received; and performing a position-location measurement based at least on the reference signal.
[0016] An access point (AP) disclosed herein may include and/or implement functions of a base-station transceiver system (BTS), an access network transceiver (ANT), a modem pool transceiver (MPT), or a Node B (e.g., in a W-CDMA type system), etc. A cell may refer to a coverage area serviced by an AP. A cell may further include one or more sectors. For simplicity and clarity, the term "sector" may be used herein to refer a cell, or a section of a cell, serviced by an AP. Further, an access network controller (ANC) may refer to the portion of a communication system configured to interface with a core network (e.g., a packet data network) and route data packets between access terminals (ATs) and the core network, perform various radio access and link maintenance functions (such as soft handoft), control radio transmitters and receivers, and so on. An ANC may include and/or implement the functions of a base station ``
controller (BS C=), such found in a or 4rrr enersation wireless network. An ANC and one or more APs may constitute part of an access network: (AN).
pm 71 An access terminal (AT) described herein may refer to various types of devices, including (but not limited to) a wireless phones a cellular phone. as laptop computer, a multimedia vvireless device, a wireless communication personal computer (PQ
card, a personal digital assistant ('DA). an external or internal modern., etc. A n AT
may be anv data. device that communicates through a , fireless channel and/or through a aired channel (e.g.- by way of f ber- optic or coaxial cables). An XF ray ay have various names, such as access unit, access node, subscriber unit, mobile station, mobile device, mobile unit, mobile }Bone, mobile., remote station, remote terminal. remote unit, user device, user equipment: handheld device, etc. ifTCren#t ATs may be incorporated into a system. ATs may be mobile or stationary., and may be dispersed throughout a communication system. An AT may communicate with one or more APs on a forward link and/or a reverse link at a given moment. The forward link (or dowvr-alink) refers to transmission from an AP to an AT. The reverse link (or uplink) refers to transmission from the A T to the ,AP.
Iml.81 Locating a person or an objecà v irelessly may be achieved in a number of ways.
Tinge-offarrivai (TOA) rr easurement. which uses time it takes fora . signal to travel as an indirect method of calculaat:in distance, i commonly involved in a .nu nber of netvvork-based methods, For examples in some wireless networks, position location services require TOA measurement of the pilot si sal (CL('., the earliest path of the pi.l rt).
ix119 FIG. 1 illustrates a wireless communication system 100 configured to support a number of users in which various disclosed embodiments and aspects foray. be ir:nple.mented, is further described below. B way of example system 100 provides communication for a number of cells 10including cells 10la-102gq, with each cell being} serviced by a corresponding AP 104 (such as AA's 104a-l.04g). Each cell may be further divided into one or more sectors. Various ATs 106, including ATs I06aa-106k.
are dispersed, throughout the system.. Each.AT .106 may communicate with one or more, .Al's 1.04 on a- forward link and'or a reverse link at a given moment, depending upon whether the T is active and whether it as in soft handol ; for example, 100201 In, FIG. 1, a solid line with an arrow may indicate information (e. ., data) transmmmission from an AP to an AT. A broken line with an arrow may indicate that the AT is receiving the pilot and other signaling 'reference signals, but no data transmission, from the Al?. as further described below. For clarity and simplicity , the reverse: link con unication is not explicitly> shorn in FIG. 1.
lowil In a high rate packet data. (1-IRP.D) system (e.g., as specified in `-cdma-100) 1:110i Rate Packet Data Air Interface Specification, 3GPP2 C'.Stf024-A. Version 2, July 2005, referred to as "1xEV-DO" (or 'IS-856) herein), k)r example, transmission on forward link is partitioned into a sequence of frames:: each frame is further divided into tizrme slots 169 slots each with a duration of 1.667 rnsec); and each slot includes a plurality' of time-division-multiplexed channels.
(4tÃ)22 By way of example, FIG, 2 illustrates an embodiment of a forward link slot structure 200, such as employed in a 1x:V-DO type system. Time slot 200 is divided into two halt-slots, v ith each half=slot having the following channel assignments: pilot channel 210, forward medium access control (MA.C.`.) channel 221), and forward traffic (or control) channel 230, Pilot channel 210 carries the pilot signal (also commonly termed as the pilot) used by an AT (such as AT 106 in FIG, 1.) for initial acquisition, phase recovery, timing recovery, radio combining, as well as estimating the channel conditions on forward. link (e g_, by way of the sit rar.al-to-noise and-int rleiey ce (SINR) measurement.). MAC channel 22.0 sets forth the procedures used to receive and transmit over the phi sical la v. er (which provides the channel structure, .frequency, power output, modulation, encoding spedifcations; for fore and and reverse links). Traffic channel 230 may carry- information or data (e..r.. by way of physical laver packets), e.g., unicast data specific to a particular 1'I' (or user), or broadeasumuiticast data to a group of users (e,g, as specified in "cdrna2000 High Rate I3Ae>adc fist-?4lerltic Est Packet Data Air lntc rface Specification," 3GPP2 C.SOO54 0, Version 2.0, July 2005. referred. to as "BCNN1CS
Specification- herein). Trniifc channel 230 may also be used to carry control messages.
Further, pilot channel. 210, fie AC channel 220. and traffic channel 2.311 are time-division-multiplexed i 'idun tiirre slot 200. When there is no traffic on traffic channel 230, an idle slot including pilot channel 210 and MAC channel 220 may be sent.
Transmission of idle slots serves to decrease interference to other cells on forward link.
100231 As illustrated in FICk 2. pilot channel 210 is transmitted in discrete bursts (ass opposed to being continuous In time), fence having limited power, fn soiree svsteeiris, for example, pilot channel 210 ma.Y comprise 96 chips of a. particular digital pattern D
(e.g.. all zeros). NIAC channel 220 may comprise 64 chips, and each half-slot may corxmprise 1024 chips. Thus_ only a small fraction (e.g., 96/1024) of the available forward link power is allotted to the pilot channel in such systeals, is a result. TOA
measurement based on such pilot channel ,may be susceptible to error; (e.g..
paarticularlay when the forward link channel conditions are poor), hence, compromising the accuracy and reliability of associated position location. A need therefore exists for a strong and clear signal to assist position location.
(0024) Embodiments disclosed herein relate to methods and ssterns for providing improved TOA measurement and enhanced position location M. wireless communication systems, (1 125.1 In an embodiment. an AP may replace normal information (e, dat r) transmission by a "known" transmission (termed "reference transmission"
herein) at a predetermined time known to ATs in sectors serviced b \,y the AP. 'The Al's.rrmv use the received reference transmission to assist or facilitate position location (e.g.. TOA and/or other position-location meaasurera eats . The .AP may also send a reference transmission on demand, e.g._ in response to a request from an AX (which may be in need for a Location-leased service),, s1Ã1261 In some embodiments, the reference transmission may include a time slot having ai pilot signal and a reference sig;naal in a time da~isi<araHrarailtiple ed f srmart. ID other embodiments, the reference transmission may include a tirne slot having a pilot signal and a reference in a code.-division-multiplexed format. The reference signal may be similar or substantially identical to the pilot, such that the entire time slot is nearly filled with the pilot:, thereby proyidi.rr4g a Strong signal for TOA and other position-location rameaasuremennts. The reference si sal rn at also he different from the pilot., e.g.
,..
configured to assist the pilot in position location. The, ensuing description provides further embodiments and examples.
100271 The term "reference signal" disclosed herein may include zany signal that is un modulated caning no in.tarination or data) and known to a receiving AT. For example, the reference signal may comprise a digital pattern (e.g_ a sequence of symbols) that is .:knoi.vn" in advance to the recei~dng AT, N% hereby the AT
does not need to decode the reference sigY.naal. The reference r raav carry a unique sector TT) (e.g..
spread with a gase~cadcrrancfc>aia tT'l.l code with a unique of:tset specific to the seetcr). The ( i reference signal may be transmitted at substantially the maximum power available to the sector (or "full sector pol.ver"), in some emxrbodiments, the reference signal may be a.
spread-spectrum or other wideband signal (e.g... to occupy the entire traffic channel). A
'.reference transmission" disclosed herein may refer to a forward link transmission including a reference signal. Further, the terns. "position-location mneaasurement- may broadly refer to a measurement associated with position location, including, (but not limited to) TO 'l<.. time difference of arrival (TDO 1), angle of arrival (AOA), advanced fonnvard link trilateration (AFLT)s enhanced observed time difference (FOTD), and others, 1002ft] Various aspects, features, and embodiments are described in further detail lelo~.
(1129] FIG-. 3A illustrates an embodiment of a reference transmission including a time slot 300. which ni be used to implement. some disclosed embodiments. Time slot is shown in two half-slots, each having pilot channel 310, MAC channel 320.1 and traffic channel 330 in a t..irr a -div isicvrrõnaailtiple a d formal. Pilot channel 310 carries the pilot.
Pilot channel 310 and :MAC channel 320 may for example be substantially as described above with respect to the embodiment of R.G. 2. Traffic channel 330 carries a reference signal, n lieu of data.
{1t13(}] in some embodiments, the reference signal may be similar or substantially identical to The pilot7 as time slot 350 of F:IG. 3B illustrates, As a result, the entire slot 3,5(1 is nearly filled. with the pilot, as graphically illustrated b ' the hatched area in the fi ure, and the full power of the entire sector may be substantially devoted to the pilot transmission dorm, this time period. This strong l .'lot alloN-vs the receiving ATs to carry 0111, more accurate and reliable TOA and other position-location measurements.
The timing and signaling for such "pilot slot" may for example be according to the broadcast/raxulticasà char nel structure in a l x V-DO type s, ste n as specified in the BCMCS specification). Further, implementation of such "pilot slot" imposes minimal changes to the existing nett ork .lraf rastrale_tar.res a arcf devices.
100311 In other embodiments, the reference signal naay be different from the pilot. The timing and signaling for the reference transmission may for example be according to the broadcaastinmulticast channel structure in a Tx]E DO type system (e.g.. as specified in the BC'\4CS 's'pecification). In one embodiment, .ltar example, the pilot may comprise a sequence of symbols having all zeros (0's), whereas the reference signal may corrlpr se a sequence of symbols 'aving all ones (I's). In another embodiment, the pilot may comprise the pilot symbols used in a 1xEV-DO type system, whereas the reference signal may comprise the pilot symbols used in an 1.S-95 type systearm. In yet another embodiment, the pilot mm' comprise a particular sequence of symbols, lr.il the reference signal May comprise the sequence configured in reverse, In an alternati\ e embodiment, a known data. packet may be transmitted as the reference signal.
e.g., using the l~r oadc ast'nxtriticaast channel structure and signaling in a 7 xE -DO
type system (e.g..
as specified in the B MCS specification). A receiving AT may use this reference signal to search for the (N eaker~) pilot, estimate rOA (and/or perform other position-location irr astrrements), and report back the measured information.
10032] In an embodiment. the reference transmission mar be carried out by an AP
according to a predetermined schedule on a regular or periodic basis), so that at known tines, l's in the corresponding sectors may be prepared to perform TOA
and/or-other position-location n easurermments, and report back the measured infbr.mat.Ãor.l.
(00333] In an embodiment, an Al' may carry out the reference transmission on demand, e.g., upon receivin a request from an AT (which may be in need for a. location-based service), 1t>!iÃ)341 In an embodiment, an AP may make use of idle slots for reference transmission (e. fling an idle slot substantially with the pilot, such as described above with respect to the embodiment of FlG. XB), so as to make efficient use of the network resources, For example, the signaling associated with such time slot may indicate to a receiving AT the reference sip nal carried by the traffic channel, so that the. AT mazy accordingly perform ':I OA and: or other position-location .measurements.
IM351 F iGs. 3A-3B provide some examples of transrna tting a reference signal along the pilot in a ti ire-division-multiplexed fortnat_ In other systems as specified in "Physical l azye.r Standard for cdma2000 Spectrum System," 3GPP2 C.S0?002- D, Version 2.0, September 2005.. referred to as `-C MA2000 ix" herein.. or as spy ci.fied in "Mobile Station Base Station Compatibility Standard for Widehand Spread Spectrum Cellular S steams," ANSI/TIA EIA-95-B-99, referred to as "IS-95" herein), a reference:
signal may he transmitted along i ith the pilot :in a code cf ~
isiorrrcrrarltiplexed format.
such as described below.
S
]()H)361 FIG. 4A illustrates an. embodiment of for-wvard link structure in the form of sector power usage vs, time, such as in an IS-95 or CDMA2000 1x type svsten-i.
Forward link chaÃinels, includin ; pilot channel 410, sync channel 420, paging channel 43 , and traffic channels 440, are transmitted in a code-div isioÃr-Ãtmultiplexed ÃZbrmat, each w .pith a certain fraction of the total sector power. For example, pilot channel 410 may be allotted approximately 15.209% of the maximum sector power, denoted as F r.:-(naax). To augment the pilot (e.g., for position location purposes), some or all of the power allotted to traffic channels 440 may be used to transmit a reference signal (in lieu of information transmission.) M. a specific period of time, such as illustrated in FIG- 413 below.
IM 371 For illustration and clarity. FIG. 413 depicts an embodiment in which the power allotted to traffic channels 440 may be substantially devoted to transmit a reference signal 460 in a time slot 450. For emianple_ such may occur in situations where an AP
sends a reference transmission to the corresponding Al.'s according to a predetermined schedule (e.g., on a regular or periodical basis), so that at known times, the A71's may be prepared to perform pos1tion41oc ation measurements and report back the measured infornmation, In some embodianents, the reference signal may be similar or substantially identical to the pilot; as a result, the entire time slot 45() naay be nearly filled with the pilot, thereby providing a strong signal for position-location measurements.
In other enabodinaents, the reference mar also be different from the pilot, such as described abov' e.
14)0:3Ã3] In alternative, embodiments, a fraction of the pov,-er allotted to traffic channels 440 may be used to transmit reference signal 460 in time slot 450, For example, such may. occur in situations Where an AP carries out a reference transmission on demand.
e,., in response to request(s) from one or more Ais in the corresponding sectors (wvfiich may be in need for position Location services), (aÃ3<] lia addition to replacing information transmission l a reference transmission according to a predetermined schedule or on demand such as described above),, a portion of the control Channel (e,g. the preamble), or other existing (or .known) signals, may be used to assist the pilot in position location. For example, in some svsterns, the, control channel may be transmitted on a regular or periodic basis. The preamble of they control channel may be known to a receiving AT #e.g., after the initial set-up)~ and therefore, used to assist The pilot in position location. (such as in a manner described above with respect to the reference signal), (40] FIG. 5 illustrates a l"fm w diagram of a process 500, which may be used to implement some disclosed embodiments (such as described above), Step 510 generates a pilot signal and a reference signal, the reference signal comprising a sequence of svmbols known to an access terminal. Step 52.0 transmits the pilot signal and the reference signal in a timmre slot.
(00411 In process 500, the pilot signal and the reference signal may be transmitted in a time-division-multiplexed format or code-division-multiplexed format, such as described above. in some embodiments, the reference signal may be similar or substantially Identical to the pilot signal. In other embodiments, the reference signal may be different from the pilot signal. e.g.. configured to assist the pilot signal in position location TOA and other position-location measurements). such as described above. Further, in a multi- carrier wireless corn n unication system., the time slot n .ay be transmitted on a subset (e.g., some, all, or and combination) of carriers.
(0042j TIC. 6 illustrates a flow diagram of a process 600, which may be used to implement some disclosed embodiments (such as described above). Process 600 starts at step felt}, Step 620 determines (e.g_ based on a predetermined schedule) whether it is time for carr ink out a reference. transmission to ..ATs in secto.rs serviced by an P. If the outcome of stop 620 is 'YES7" step 630follo\.vs, and generates a pilot signal and a reference signal. Step 640 transmits the pilot signal and the reference signal in a time slot (e.g., in a time-division-multiplexed or code-di~.is on-m ultiple`~ed format, such as described above). Subsequently, process 600 .re:turrns to step 620.
431 In process 600, if the outcome of step 620 is NO," step 650 follows and determines if there is a request for a location-based service from an. XF. 'if the outcome of step 650 is "YES." process 600 returns to step 630, If the outcome of step 650 is "NO," step 6610 follm-~ s and proceeds with information data) t.r rrnsrrmission.
Process 60Ã3 subseeltrentla' return to step 620.
10044] FIG 7 illustrates a flow diagram of a process 700, which may be used to implement some disclosed embodiraments_ Step 71.0 receives a pilot signal and a reference signal i.n a time slot (e. .. in a time-dilasion-rmrtilt:ipk. d or code division-multiplexed format, such as described above). Step 730 performs a position-location measurement based on the pilot signal and the reference: signal.
1fAW-551 Process 700 may further include searching for the pilot signal, In some instances, the reference signal may be similar or substantially identical to the pilot signal, effectively providing a strong pilot for position-location iaa:casatrements. In other instances, a receiving AT may use the reference signal to search for the (owwealer) pilot, estimate TOA (and/or perform other position-location measurements). and report back the measured information, 11.0461 FIG. 8 illustrates a flow diagram. of a process $00, which may be used to implement some disclosed embodiments (such as described above). Process 'Mitt starts at step 811. Step 820 receives a time slot having a pilot channel and a reference channel (e. ., in a time-cliff siora-naaaltiple ed formats such as described above), the pilot channel carat ing a pilot signal. Step 830 determines if the traffic channel carries a reference signal, if the outcome of step 830 is "YES," step 840 follows and performs a position-location TOA) n easarrement based on the pilot signal and the reference signal.
Process 800 subsequently returns to step 820. If the outcome of step 830is NO," step 850 follows and proceeds with the traffic channel (e..g., decode the data packets carried by the traffic channel). Process 800 subsequently returns to step 820.
100471 FIG. 9 shows a block diagram of an apparatus 900, which may be used to implement some disclosed embodiments (such as described above). By way of example, apparatus 900 may include a reference-generating unit (or module) 910 configured to generate a pilot signal and a reference signal, kNherein the reference signal comprising a sequence of known symbols to one or i iore receiving ATs): and a transmitting unit 930 configured to transmit the pilot signal and the reference signal in a time slot. In. a multi-carrier system, transmitting unit 930 may be further configured to transmit the time slot on a subset of carriers.
R(Ã) 81 Apparatus 900 may also include a multiplexin(; unit 920 configured to multiplex the pilot signal. and the. reference signal into the time slot (e.g., .in a time-division-Z, or code-division-multiplexed l:ormart, such as described a.bove). Apparatus 900 may further include a processing unit (or controller) 940 configured to control and/or coordinate the operations of various units.
J(H)491 Apparatus 900 may be implemented in an AP (e.g... AP 106 in FIG. 1.).
or other network infrastructure elerrtents, ltx)5t).1 FIG. 10 illustrates a block dia;rartm of an apparatus 1000, which may also be used to implements some disclosed embodiments (such as described above). B w vay of example. apparatus 1000 May include a receiving unit 1 t)10 confiõured to receive a pilot signal and a reference signal in a time slot (e;g., in a time-division-multiplexed or code-division-multiplexed forrrtat, such as described above)and a measurement unit configured to perform a position-location (e. g, TO.A) measurement based on the pilot signal and the reference signal. Apparatus 1 000 may further include a searching unit 1020, configured to search for the pilot signal. Apparatus 1000 may also include a processing unit (or controller) 1040, configured to control and/or coordinate the operations of various units loo-ml Apparatus 1000 may be implemented in an Al', or other communication devices.
JM52J Embodiments disclosed herein (such as described above) provide some embodiments for enhancing position location in wireless conrnnrrrnicat.ions, There are other embodiments and implementations.
1(0)5:11 Embodiments disclosed herein may be applied to a multi-carrier-~.~ireless communication system. For example, a reference transmission may be sent on some, all, or any combination of carriers.
11106 41 V rriouss unitshnnoclxrles in FIGS. 940 and other er hodirnents may be implemented in hardwware, sotto are, firmware, or a combination thereof. In a hardware implementation, various units may be implemented NO thin one or more application specif c rnÃe4 rated circuits (ASIt ). digital signal processors (]13fP) digital signal processing device (.[)SPDs), field programmable ;ate arrays (FPGA).
processors, microprocessors, corrtrollers, rnicrocontrollers. programmable logic devices (PLD), other electronic r.rr~nits, or ar conibination Ãhereof. in a soffi a:re irriplementat:ion, o arious trrr.rts r ray: be artrplerrrented e~itlt rrrc?drrlGs (e..., procedure.s..I'ianctions, and so ore) that pe=r-fora the func_tiorts described herein. The software codes :may be stored in a nlernor.t.v unit and executed b a processor (or a processing uni.t). The r emo: ' unit may be implemented within the processor or eternal to the processor, in which case it can be comrrtunicati' ely coupled to the processor via ariou means known in the art.
100551 Those of skill in the art would understand that information and signals may, be represented using any of a variety of di ffere 7t technologies and tec(.niques. For example, data.. instructions, comet ids, information., signals, bits, symbols, and chips that rnati be referenced throughout the above description Haas be represented by voltages, currents. electromagnetic wwwaves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles., or airy combination thereof.
(0056) Those of skill w wuld further appreciate that the various illustrative logical blocks- modules, circuits, and algorithm steps described in connection -, ith the embodiments disclosed herein r rr.ay be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software. various illustrative components, blocks, modules., circuits, and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality.
Whether such functionality is implemented as hard-,N-are or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system, Skilled artisans may implement the described .functionality in err trig was .for each particular application.
but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention.
10057] The various illustrative logical blocks, modules, and circuits described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be imlplenrented or performed with a general purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field program- able gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete ha =dware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor may he a microprocessor, but in the alter:rative_ the processor may be any conventional processor, controller. rnicrocontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemenÃed as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a. combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessor's, one or more nricroproce sors in conjunction with a DAP core.
or any other such configuration.
10ÃÃ5$1 The steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a c onibina:tion of the two. A software nodule may reside in random access memory (RAM), flash ineinory, read only inenmon!
(ROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM). registers., hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium .known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor such the processor can read information from, and. write information to, the storage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium may be integral to the processor. The processor and the storage medium may reside iii an ASIC. The ASIC
may reside in an AT, In the alternative, the processor and the storage medium may reside as discrete components in an AT.
low-'91 The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any pet-son skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various motli.tications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
(t.-txti) WHAT IS CLAIr n IS:
POSITION LOC: ATl ON IN WIRELESS COMMI]NICITIONS
BACKGROUND
F ieq d loooll This disclosure re)a.tes generally to wireless communications. More specifically.
embodiments disclosed herein relate to prove idin g improved tianeaofrarriva1 measurement and enhanced lpositio.n location in tireless co a umcation S stem .
Background (O )O2] Wireless communication systems are %vldel deployed to provide various vy-pes of comamranaaaicatioaas (such as voice and data) to multiple users. Such systems may be based on code division multiple access (CD\tA), time division multiple access (TDMIA), fretluenc y division multiple access (D:MIA), or other multiple access techniques. A wireless communication system may be designed to implement o le or ca Gore standards. such as IS. 95_ cd.ma2000. IS-85(, W-CDMA. TO-SC.DMA_ and other standards.
t Os l Presence detection and location-based services have long been sought after in wireless communications. in addition to supporting emergency service--, (e.g..
calls). w 0reless operators are stri~ing to provide a ww >ide range of new application:
targeted for the everyday consumer and enterprise user, such as child locators. turn-bay-turn navigation, directory services, voice concierge. roadside assistance, and many others. A challenge hence lies in prodding accurate and reliable: position location to enable such applications.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE D AWINGS
100041 FIG l illustrates an embodiunent of a wireless conlinunication systetxm;
(t t05I FIG, 2 illustrates an embodiment of forward link slot structure in an IS-856 type ICK)0 1 FIGs. 3 -ssB illustrate embodiments of forward link slot structure for reference transmission, [0007] FIG. 4A illustrates an embodiment of forward link structure in an IS-95 type system;
[0008] FIG. 4B illustrates an embodiment of forward link structure for reference transmission;
[0009] FIG. 5 illustrates a flow diagram of a process, which may be used to implement some disclosed embodiments;
[0010] FIG. 6 illustrates a flow diagram of a process, which may be used to implement some disclosed embodiments;
[0011] FIG. 7 illustrates a flow diagram of a process, which may be used to implement some disclosed embodiments;
[0012] FIG. 8 illustrates a flow diagram of a process, which may be used to implement some disclosed embodiments;
[0013] FIG. 9 illustrates a block diagram of an apparatus, in which some disclosed embodiments may be implemented; and [0014] FIG. 10 illustrates a block diagram of an apparatus, in which some disclosed embodiments may be implemented.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0015] Embodiments disclosed herein relate to methods and systems for providing enhanced position location in wireless communication systems.
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for wireless communications, comprising: generating a pilot signal and a reference signal, the reference signal comprising a sequence of symbols known to an access terminal; and transmitting the pilot signal and the reference signal in a time slot.
2a According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a machine-readable medium storing processor-executable instructions that, when executed by at least one processor of a wireless communications apparatus, cause the wireless communications apparatus to perform steps, comprising: generating a pilot signal and a reference signal, the reference signal comprising a sequence of symbols known to an access terminal; and transmitting the pilot signal and the reference signal in a time slot.
According to still another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus adapted for wireless communications, comprising: means for generating a pilot signal and a reference signal, the reference signal comprising a sequence of symbols known to an access terminal; and means for transmitting the pilot signal and the reference signal in a time slot.
According to yet another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus adapted for wireless communications, comprising: a reference-generating unit to generate a pilot signal and a reference signal, the reference signal comprising a sequence of symbols known to an access terminal;
and a transmitting unit to transmit the pilot signal and the reference signal in a time slot.
According to a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for wireless communications, comprising: receiving a pilot signal and a reference signal in a time slot, wherein the reference signal is received in lieu of at least a portion of traffic data over a traffic channel, the reference signal comprising a sequence of symbols known to a receiver; and performing a position-location measurement based on the pilot signal and the reference signal.
According to yet a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for wireless communications, comprising: means for receiving a time slot having a pilot signal and a reference signal, wherein the reference signal is received in lieu of at least a portion of traffic data over a traffic channel; and means for performing a position-location measurement based on the pilot signal and the reference signal.
2b According to still a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for wireless communications, comprising: receiving a pilot signal and a portion of a control channel, wherein information received over the portion of the control channel is known at a receiver prior to being received; and performing a position-location measurement based on the pilot signal and the portion of the control channel.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a wireless device comprising: at least one receiver; at least one transmitter;
and at least one controller coupled to the at least one receiver and to the at least one transmitter, wherein the at least one controller is configured to perform steps comprising: receiving a time slot comprising a pilot channel and at least one other channel, wherein the pilot channel comprises a pilot signal, and the at least one other channel comprises a reference signal having information which is known at the receiver prior to being received; and performing a position-location measurement based at least on the reference signal.
According to yet another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a machine-readable medium storing processor-executable instructions that, when executed by at least one processor of a wireless communications apparatus, cause the wireless communications apparatus to perform steps, the steps comprising: receiving a time slot comprising a pilot channel and at least one other channel, wherein the pilot channel comprises a pilot signal, and the at least one other channel comprises a reference signal having information which is known at a receiver prior to being received; and performing a position-location measurement based at least on the reference signal.
According to still another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a wireless device comprising: means for receiving; means for transmitting;
and means for processing coupled to the means for receiving and to the means for transmitting, wherein the means for processing is configured to perform steps 2c comprising: receiving a time slot comprising a pilot channel and at least one other channel, wherein the pilot channel comprises a pilot signal, and the at least one other channel comprises a reference signal having information which is known at a receiver prior to being received; and performing a position-location measurement based at least on the reference signal.
[0016] An access point (AP) disclosed herein may include and/or implement functions of a base-station transceiver system (BTS), an access network transceiver (ANT), a modem pool transceiver (MPT), or a Node B (e.g., in a W-CDMA type system), etc. A cell may refer to a coverage area serviced by an AP. A cell may further include one or more sectors. For simplicity and clarity, the term "sector" may be used herein to refer a cell, or a section of a cell, serviced by an AP. Further, an access network controller (ANC) may refer to the portion of a communication system configured to interface with a core network (e.g., a packet data network) and route data packets between access terminals (ATs) and the core network, perform various radio access and link maintenance functions (such as soft handoft), control radio transmitters and receivers, and so on. An ANC may include and/or implement the functions of a base station ``
controller (BS C=), such found in a or 4rrr enersation wireless network. An ANC and one or more APs may constitute part of an access network: (AN).
pm 71 An access terminal (AT) described herein may refer to various types of devices, including (but not limited to) a wireless phones a cellular phone. as laptop computer, a multimedia vvireless device, a wireless communication personal computer (PQ
card, a personal digital assistant ('DA). an external or internal modern., etc. A n AT
may be anv data. device that communicates through a , fireless channel and/or through a aired channel (e.g.- by way of f ber- optic or coaxial cables). An XF ray ay have various names, such as access unit, access node, subscriber unit, mobile station, mobile device, mobile unit, mobile }Bone, mobile., remote station, remote terminal. remote unit, user device, user equipment: handheld device, etc. ifTCren#t ATs may be incorporated into a system. ATs may be mobile or stationary., and may be dispersed throughout a communication system. An AT may communicate with one or more APs on a forward link and/or a reverse link at a given moment. The forward link (or dowvr-alink) refers to transmission from an AP to an AT. The reverse link (or uplink) refers to transmission from the A T to the ,AP.
Iml.81 Locating a person or an objecà v irelessly may be achieved in a number of ways.
Tinge-offarrivai (TOA) rr easurement. which uses time it takes fora . signal to travel as an indirect method of calculaat:in distance, i commonly involved in a .nu nber of netvvork-based methods, For examples in some wireless networks, position location services require TOA measurement of the pilot si sal (CL('., the earliest path of the pi.l rt).
ix119 FIG. 1 illustrates a wireless communication system 100 configured to support a number of users in which various disclosed embodiments and aspects foray. be ir:nple.mented, is further described below. B way of example system 100 provides communication for a number of cells 10including cells 10la-102gq, with each cell being} serviced by a corresponding AP 104 (such as AA's 104a-l.04g). Each cell may be further divided into one or more sectors. Various ATs 106, including ATs I06aa-106k.
are dispersed, throughout the system.. Each.AT .106 may communicate with one or more, .Al's 1.04 on a- forward link and'or a reverse link at a given moment, depending upon whether the T is active and whether it as in soft handol ; for example, 100201 In, FIG. 1, a solid line with an arrow may indicate information (e. ., data) transmmmission from an AP to an AT. A broken line with an arrow may indicate that the AT is receiving the pilot and other signaling 'reference signals, but no data transmission, from the Al?. as further described below. For clarity and simplicity , the reverse: link con unication is not explicitly> shorn in FIG. 1.
lowil In a high rate packet data. (1-IRP.D) system (e.g., as specified in `-cdma-100) 1:110i Rate Packet Data Air Interface Specification, 3GPP2 C'.Stf024-A. Version 2, July 2005, referred to as "1xEV-DO" (or 'IS-856) herein), k)r example, transmission on forward link is partitioned into a sequence of frames:: each frame is further divided into tizrme slots 169 slots each with a duration of 1.667 rnsec); and each slot includes a plurality' of time-division-multiplexed channels.
(4tÃ)22 By way of example, FIG, 2 illustrates an embodiment of a forward link slot structure 200, such as employed in a 1x:V-DO type system. Time slot 200 is divided into two halt-slots, v ith each half=slot having the following channel assignments: pilot channel 210, forward medium access control (MA.C.`.) channel 221), and forward traffic (or control) channel 230, Pilot channel 210 carries the pilot signal (also commonly termed as the pilot) used by an AT (such as AT 106 in FIG, 1.) for initial acquisition, phase recovery, timing recovery, radio combining, as well as estimating the channel conditions on forward. link (e g_, by way of the sit rar.al-to-noise and-int rleiey ce (SINR) measurement.). MAC channel 22.0 sets forth the procedures used to receive and transmit over the phi sical la v. er (which provides the channel structure, .frequency, power output, modulation, encoding spedifcations; for fore and and reverse links). Traffic channel 230 may carry- information or data (e..r.. by way of physical laver packets), e.g., unicast data specific to a particular 1'I' (or user), or broadeasumuiticast data to a group of users (e,g, as specified in "cdrna2000 High Rate I3Ae>adc fist-?4lerltic Est Packet Data Air lntc rface Specification," 3GPP2 C.SOO54 0, Version 2.0, July 2005. referred. to as "BCNN1CS
Specification- herein). Trniifc channel 230 may also be used to carry control messages.
Further, pilot channel. 210, fie AC channel 220. and traffic channel 2.311 are time-division-multiplexed i 'idun tiirre slot 200. When there is no traffic on traffic channel 230, an idle slot including pilot channel 210 and MAC channel 220 may be sent.
Transmission of idle slots serves to decrease interference to other cells on forward link.
100231 As illustrated in FICk 2. pilot channel 210 is transmitted in discrete bursts (ass opposed to being continuous In time), fence having limited power, fn soiree svsteeiris, for example, pilot channel 210 ma.Y comprise 96 chips of a. particular digital pattern D
(e.g.. all zeros). NIAC channel 220 may comprise 64 chips, and each half-slot may corxmprise 1024 chips. Thus_ only a small fraction (e.g., 96/1024) of the available forward link power is allotted to the pilot channel in such systeals, is a result. TOA
measurement based on such pilot channel ,may be susceptible to error; (e.g..
paarticularlay when the forward link channel conditions are poor), hence, compromising the accuracy and reliability of associated position location. A need therefore exists for a strong and clear signal to assist position location.
(0024) Embodiments disclosed herein relate to methods and ssterns for providing improved TOA measurement and enhanced position location M. wireless communication systems, (1 125.1 In an embodiment. an AP may replace normal information (e, dat r) transmission by a "known" transmission (termed "reference transmission"
herein) at a predetermined time known to ATs in sectors serviced b \,y the AP. 'The Al's.rrmv use the received reference transmission to assist or facilitate position location (e.g.. TOA and/or other position-location meaasurera eats . The .AP may also send a reference transmission on demand, e.g._ in response to a request from an AX (which may be in need for a Location-leased service),, s1Ã1261 In some embodiments, the reference transmission may include a time slot having ai pilot signal and a reference sig;naal in a time da~isi<araHrarailtiple ed f srmart. ID other embodiments, the reference transmission may include a tirne slot having a pilot signal and a reference in a code.-division-multiplexed format. The reference signal may be similar or substantially identical to the pilot, such that the entire time slot is nearly filled with the pilot:, thereby proyidi.rr4g a Strong signal for TOA and other position-location rameaasuremennts. The reference si sal rn at also he different from the pilot., e.g.
,..
configured to assist the pilot in position location. The, ensuing description provides further embodiments and examples.
100271 The term "reference signal" disclosed herein may include zany signal that is un modulated caning no in.tarination or data) and known to a receiving AT. For example, the reference signal may comprise a digital pattern (e.g_ a sequence of symbols) that is .:knoi.vn" in advance to the recei~dng AT, N% hereby the AT
does not need to decode the reference sigY.naal. The reference r raav carry a unique sector TT) (e.g..
spread with a gase~cadcrrancfc>aia tT'l.l code with a unique of:tset specific to the seetcr). The ( i reference signal may be transmitted at substantially the maximum power available to the sector (or "full sector pol.ver"), in some emxrbodiments, the reference signal may be a.
spread-spectrum or other wideband signal (e.g... to occupy the entire traffic channel). A
'.reference transmission" disclosed herein may refer to a forward link transmission including a reference signal. Further, the terns. "position-location mneaasurement- may broadly refer to a measurement associated with position location, including, (but not limited to) TO 'l<.. time difference of arrival (TDO 1), angle of arrival (AOA), advanced fonnvard link trilateration (AFLT)s enhanced observed time difference (FOTD), and others, 1002ft] Various aspects, features, and embodiments are described in further detail lelo~.
(1129] FIG-. 3A illustrates an embodiment of a reference transmission including a time slot 300. which ni be used to implement. some disclosed embodiments. Time slot is shown in two half-slots, each having pilot channel 310, MAC channel 320.1 and traffic channel 330 in a t..irr a -div isicvrrõnaailtiple a d formal. Pilot channel 310 carries the pilot.
Pilot channel 310 and :MAC channel 320 may for example be substantially as described above with respect to the embodiment of R.G. 2. Traffic channel 330 carries a reference signal, n lieu of data.
{1t13(}] in some embodiments, the reference signal may be similar or substantially identical to The pilot7 as time slot 350 of F:IG. 3B illustrates, As a result, the entire slot 3,5(1 is nearly filled. with the pilot, as graphically illustrated b ' the hatched area in the fi ure, and the full power of the entire sector may be substantially devoted to the pilot transmission dorm, this time period. This strong l .'lot alloN-vs the receiving ATs to carry 0111, more accurate and reliable TOA and other position-location measurements.
The timing and signaling for such "pilot slot" may for example be according to the broadcast/raxulticasà char nel structure in a l x V-DO type s, ste n as specified in the BCMCS specification). Further, implementation of such "pilot slot" imposes minimal changes to the existing nett ork .lraf rastrale_tar.res a arcf devices.
100311 In other embodiments, the reference signal naay be different from the pilot. The timing and signaling for the reference transmission may for example be according to the broadcaastinmulticast channel structure in a Tx]E DO type system (e.g.. as specified in the BC'\4CS 's'pecification). In one embodiment, .ltar example, the pilot may comprise a sequence of symbols having all zeros (0's), whereas the reference signal may corrlpr se a sequence of symbols 'aving all ones (I's). In another embodiment, the pilot may comprise the pilot symbols used in a 1xEV-DO type system, whereas the reference signal may comprise the pilot symbols used in an 1.S-95 type systearm. In yet another embodiment, the pilot mm' comprise a particular sequence of symbols, lr.il the reference signal May comprise the sequence configured in reverse, In an alternati\ e embodiment, a known data. packet may be transmitted as the reference signal.
e.g., using the l~r oadc ast'nxtriticaast channel structure and signaling in a 7 xE -DO
type system (e.g..
as specified in the B MCS specification). A receiving AT may use this reference signal to search for the (N eaker~) pilot, estimate rOA (and/or perform other position-location irr astrrements), and report back the measured information.
10032] In an embodiment. the reference transmission mar be carried out by an AP
according to a predetermined schedule on a regular or periodic basis), so that at known tines, l's in the corresponding sectors may be prepared to perform TOA
and/or-other position-location n easurermments, and report back the measured infbr.mat.Ãor.l.
(00333] In an embodiment, an Al' may carry out the reference transmission on demand, e.g., upon receivin a request from an AT (which may be in need for a. location-based service), 1t>!iÃ)341 In an embodiment, an AP may make use of idle slots for reference transmission (e. fling an idle slot substantially with the pilot, such as described above with respect to the embodiment of FlG. XB), so as to make efficient use of the network resources, For example, the signaling associated with such time slot may indicate to a receiving AT the reference sip nal carried by the traffic channel, so that the. AT mazy accordingly perform ':I OA and: or other position-location .measurements.
IM351 F iGs. 3A-3B provide some examples of transrna tting a reference signal along the pilot in a ti ire-division-multiplexed fortnat_ In other systems as specified in "Physical l azye.r Standard for cdma2000 Spectrum System," 3GPP2 C.S0?002- D, Version 2.0, September 2005.. referred to as `-C MA2000 ix" herein.. or as spy ci.fied in "Mobile Station Base Station Compatibility Standard for Widehand Spread Spectrum Cellular S steams," ANSI/TIA EIA-95-B-99, referred to as "IS-95" herein), a reference:
signal may he transmitted along i ith the pilot :in a code cf ~
isiorrrcrrarltiplexed format.
such as described below.
S
]()H)361 FIG. 4A illustrates an. embodiment of for-wvard link structure in the form of sector power usage vs, time, such as in an IS-95 or CDMA2000 1x type svsten-i.
Forward link chaÃinels, includin ; pilot channel 410, sync channel 420, paging channel 43 , and traffic channels 440, are transmitted in a code-div isioÃr-Ãtmultiplexed ÃZbrmat, each w .pith a certain fraction of the total sector power. For example, pilot channel 410 may be allotted approximately 15.209% of the maximum sector power, denoted as F r.:-(naax). To augment the pilot (e.g., for position location purposes), some or all of the power allotted to traffic channels 440 may be used to transmit a reference signal (in lieu of information transmission.) M. a specific period of time, such as illustrated in FIG- 413 below.
IM 371 For illustration and clarity. FIG. 413 depicts an embodiment in which the power allotted to traffic channels 440 may be substantially devoted to transmit a reference signal 460 in a time slot 450. For emianple_ such may occur in situations where an AP
sends a reference transmission to the corresponding Al.'s according to a predetermined schedule (e.g., on a regular or periodical basis), so that at known times, the A71's may be prepared to perform pos1tion41oc ation measurements and report back the measured infornmation, In some embodianents, the reference signal may be similar or substantially identical to the pilot; as a result, the entire time slot 45() naay be nearly filled with the pilot, thereby providing a strong signal for position-location measurements.
In other enabodinaents, the reference mar also be different from the pilot, such as described abov' e.
14)0:3Ã3] In alternative, embodiments, a fraction of the pov,-er allotted to traffic channels 440 may be used to transmit reference signal 460 in time slot 450, For example, such may. occur in situations Where an AP carries out a reference transmission on demand.
e,., in response to request(s) from one or more Ais in the corresponding sectors (wvfiich may be in need for position Location services), (aÃ3<] lia addition to replacing information transmission l a reference transmission according to a predetermined schedule or on demand such as described above),, a portion of the control Channel (e,g. the preamble), or other existing (or .known) signals, may be used to assist the pilot in position location. For example, in some svsterns, the, control channel may be transmitted on a regular or periodic basis. The preamble of they control channel may be known to a receiving AT #e.g., after the initial set-up)~ and therefore, used to assist The pilot in position location. (such as in a manner described above with respect to the reference signal), (40] FIG. 5 illustrates a l"fm w diagram of a process 500, which may be used to implement some disclosed embodiments (such as described above), Step 510 generates a pilot signal and a reference signal, the reference signal comprising a sequence of svmbols known to an access terminal. Step 52.0 transmits the pilot signal and the reference signal in a timmre slot.
(00411 In process 500, the pilot signal and the reference signal may be transmitted in a time-division-multiplexed format or code-division-multiplexed format, such as described above. in some embodiments, the reference signal may be similar or substantially Identical to the pilot signal. In other embodiments, the reference signal may be different from the pilot signal. e.g.. configured to assist the pilot signal in position location TOA and other position-location measurements). such as described above. Further, in a multi- carrier wireless corn n unication system., the time slot n .ay be transmitted on a subset (e.g., some, all, or and combination) of carriers.
(0042j TIC. 6 illustrates a flow diagram of a process 600, which may be used to implement some disclosed embodiments (such as described above). Process 600 starts at step felt}, Step 620 determines (e.g_ based on a predetermined schedule) whether it is time for carr ink out a reference. transmission to ..ATs in secto.rs serviced by an P. If the outcome of stop 620 is 'YES7" step 630follo\.vs, and generates a pilot signal and a reference signal. Step 640 transmits the pilot signal and the reference signal in a time slot (e.g., in a time-division-multiplexed or code-di~.is on-m ultiple`~ed format, such as described above). Subsequently, process 600 .re:turrns to step 620.
431 In process 600, if the outcome of step 620 is NO," step 650 follows and determines if there is a request for a location-based service from an. XF. 'if the outcome of step 650 is "YES." process 600 returns to step 630, If the outcome of step 650 is "NO," step 6610 follm-~ s and proceeds with information data) t.r rrnsrrmission.
Process 60Ã3 subseeltrentla' return to step 620.
10044] FIG 7 illustrates a flow diagram of a process 700, which may be used to implement some disclosed embodiraments_ Step 71.0 receives a pilot signal and a reference signal i.n a time slot (e. .. in a time-dilasion-rmrtilt:ipk. d or code division-multiplexed format, such as described above). Step 730 performs a position-location measurement based on the pilot signal and the reference: signal.
1fAW-551 Process 700 may further include searching for the pilot signal, In some instances, the reference signal may be similar or substantially identical to the pilot signal, effectively providing a strong pilot for position-location iaa:casatrements. In other instances, a receiving AT may use the reference signal to search for the (owwealer) pilot, estimate TOA (and/or perform other position-location measurements). and report back the measured information, 11.0461 FIG. 8 illustrates a flow diagram. of a process $00, which may be used to implement some disclosed embodiments (such as described above). Process 'Mitt starts at step 811. Step 820 receives a time slot having a pilot channel and a reference channel (e. ., in a time-cliff siora-naaaltiple ed formats such as described above), the pilot channel carat ing a pilot signal. Step 830 determines if the traffic channel carries a reference signal, if the outcome of step 830 is "YES," step 840 follows and performs a position-location TOA) n easarrement based on the pilot signal and the reference signal.
Process 800 subsequently returns to step 820. If the outcome of step 830is NO," step 850 follows and proceeds with the traffic channel (e..g., decode the data packets carried by the traffic channel). Process 800 subsequently returns to step 820.
100471 FIG. 9 shows a block diagram of an apparatus 900, which may be used to implement some disclosed embodiments (such as described above). By way of example, apparatus 900 may include a reference-generating unit (or module) 910 configured to generate a pilot signal and a reference signal, kNherein the reference signal comprising a sequence of known symbols to one or i iore receiving ATs): and a transmitting unit 930 configured to transmit the pilot signal and the reference signal in a time slot. In. a multi-carrier system, transmitting unit 930 may be further configured to transmit the time slot on a subset of carriers.
R(Ã) 81 Apparatus 900 may also include a multiplexin(; unit 920 configured to multiplex the pilot signal. and the. reference signal into the time slot (e.g., .in a time-division-Z, or code-division-multiplexed l:ormart, such as described a.bove). Apparatus 900 may further include a processing unit (or controller) 940 configured to control and/or coordinate the operations of various units.
J(H)491 Apparatus 900 may be implemented in an AP (e.g... AP 106 in FIG. 1.).
or other network infrastructure elerrtents, ltx)5t).1 FIG. 10 illustrates a block dia;rartm of an apparatus 1000, which may also be used to implements some disclosed embodiments (such as described above). B w vay of example. apparatus 1000 May include a receiving unit 1 t)10 confiõured to receive a pilot signal and a reference signal in a time slot (e;g., in a time-division-multiplexed or code-division-multiplexed forrrtat, such as described above)and a measurement unit configured to perform a position-location (e. g, TO.A) measurement based on the pilot signal and the reference signal. Apparatus 1 000 may further include a searching unit 1020, configured to search for the pilot signal. Apparatus 1000 may also include a processing unit (or controller) 1040, configured to control and/or coordinate the operations of various units loo-ml Apparatus 1000 may be implemented in an Al', or other communication devices.
JM52J Embodiments disclosed herein (such as described above) provide some embodiments for enhancing position location in wireless conrnnrrrnicat.ions, There are other embodiments and implementations.
1(0)5:11 Embodiments disclosed herein may be applied to a multi-carrier-~.~ireless communication system. For example, a reference transmission may be sent on some, all, or any combination of carriers.
11106 41 V rriouss unitshnnoclxrles in FIGS. 940 and other er hodirnents may be implemented in hardwware, sotto are, firmware, or a combination thereof. In a hardware implementation, various units may be implemented NO thin one or more application specif c rnÃe4 rated circuits (ASIt ). digital signal processors (]13fP) digital signal processing device (.[)SPDs), field programmable ;ate arrays (FPGA).
processors, microprocessors, corrtrollers, rnicrocontrollers. programmable logic devices (PLD), other electronic r.rr~nits, or ar conibination Ãhereof. in a soffi a:re irriplementat:ion, o arious trrr.rts r ray: be artrplerrrented e~itlt rrrc?drrlGs (e..., procedure.s..I'ianctions, and so ore) that pe=r-fora the func_tiorts described herein. The software codes :may be stored in a nlernor.t.v unit and executed b a processor (or a processing uni.t). The r emo: ' unit may be implemented within the processor or eternal to the processor, in which case it can be comrrtunicati' ely coupled to the processor via ariou means known in the art.
100551 Those of skill in the art would understand that information and signals may, be represented using any of a variety of di ffere 7t technologies and tec(.niques. For example, data.. instructions, comet ids, information., signals, bits, symbols, and chips that rnati be referenced throughout the above description Haas be represented by voltages, currents. electromagnetic wwwaves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles., or airy combination thereof.
(0056) Those of skill w wuld further appreciate that the various illustrative logical blocks- modules, circuits, and algorithm steps described in connection -, ith the embodiments disclosed herein r rr.ay be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software. various illustrative components, blocks, modules., circuits, and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality.
Whether such functionality is implemented as hard-,N-are or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system, Skilled artisans may implement the described .functionality in err trig was .for each particular application.
but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention.
10057] The various illustrative logical blocks, modules, and circuits described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be imlplenrented or performed with a general purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field program- able gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete ha =dware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor may he a microprocessor, but in the alter:rative_ the processor may be any conventional processor, controller. rnicrocontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemenÃed as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a. combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessor's, one or more nricroproce sors in conjunction with a DAP core.
or any other such configuration.
10ÃÃ5$1 The steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a c onibina:tion of the two. A software nodule may reside in random access memory (RAM), flash ineinory, read only inenmon!
(ROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM). registers., hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium .known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor such the processor can read information from, and. write information to, the storage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium may be integral to the processor. The processor and the storage medium may reside iii an ASIC. The ASIC
may reside in an AT, In the alternative, the processor and the storage medium may reside as discrete components in an AT.
low-'91 The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any pet-son skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various motli.tications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
(t.-txti) WHAT IS CLAIr n IS:
Claims (65)
1. A method for wireless communications, comprising:
generating a pilot signal and a reference signal, the reference signal comprising a sequence of symbols known to an access terminal; and transmitting the pilot signal and the reference signal in a time slot.
generating a pilot signal and a reference signal, the reference signal comprising a sequence of symbols known to an access terminal; and transmitting the pilot signal and the reference signal in a time slot.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising time-division-multiplexing the pilot signal and the reference signal in the time slot.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the time slot includes a pilot channel time-division-multiplexed with a traffic channel, the pilot channel carrying the pilot signal and the traffic channel carrying the reference signal.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the reference signal occupies the traffic channel.
5. The method of claim 2, further comprising transmitting the reference signal at a maximum power.
6. The method of claim 1, further comprising code-division-multiplexing the pilot signal and the reference signal in the time slot.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the reference signal is identical to the pilot signal.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the reference signal includes a sector ID.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the reference signal is transmitted in accordance with a predetermined schedule.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the reference signal is transmitted in response to a request from the access terminal.
11. The method of claim 1, further comprising transmitting the time slot on a subset of multiple carriers.
12. A machine-readable medium storing processor-executable instructions that, when executed by at least one processor of a wireless communications apparatus, cause the wireless communications apparatus to perform steps, comprising:
generating a pilot signal and a reference signal, the reference signal comprising a sequence of symbols known to an access terminal; and transmitting the pilot signal and the reference signal in a time slot.
generating a pilot signal and a reference signal, the reference signal comprising a sequence of symbols known to an access terminal; and transmitting the pilot signal and the reference signal in a time slot.
13. The machine-readable medium of claim 12, wherein the steps further comprise time-division multiplexing the pilot signal and the reference signal in the time slot.
14. The machine-readable medium of claim 12, wherein the reference signal is identical to the pilot signal.
15. The machine-readable medium of claim 12, wherein the reference signal includes a sector identifier.
16. An apparatus adapted for wireless communications, comprising:
means for generating a pilot signal and a reference signal, the reference signal comprising a sequence of symbols known to an access terminal;
and means for transmitting the pilot signal and the reference signal in a time slot.
means for generating a pilot signal and a reference signal, the reference signal comprising a sequence of symbols known to an access terminal;
and means for transmitting the pilot signal and the reference signal in a time slot.
17. The apparatus of claim 16, further comprising means for multiplexing the pilot signal and the reference signal in the time slot in one of a time-division-multiplexed format and a code-division-multiplexed format.
18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the time slot includes a pilot channel and a traffic channel, wherein the pilot channel carries the pilot signal and the traffic channel carries the reference signal.
19. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the reference signal is transmitted in accordance with a predetermined schedule.
20. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the reference signal is transmitted in response to a request from the access terminal.
21. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the means for transmitting is further configured to transmit the time slot on a subset of multiple carriers.
22. An apparatus adapted for wireless communications, comprising:
a reference-generating unit to generate a pilot signal and a reference signal, the reference signal comprising a sequence of symbols known to an access terminal; and a transmitting unit to transmit the pilot signal and the reference signal in a time slot.
a reference-generating unit to generate a pilot signal and a reference signal, the reference signal comprising a sequence of symbols known to an access terminal; and a transmitting unit to transmit the pilot signal and the reference signal in a time slot.
23. The apparatus of claim 22, further comprising a multiplexer to multiplex the pilot signal and the reference signal in the time slot in one of a time-division-multiplexed format and a code-division-multiplexed format.
24. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the time slot includes a pilot channel and a traffic channel, wherein the pilot channel carries the pilot signal and the traffic channel carries the reference signal.
25. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the reference signal is transmitted in accordance with a predetermined schedule.
26. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the reference signal is transmitted in response to a request from the access terminal.
27. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the transmitting unit is further configured to transmit the time slot on a subset of multiple carriers.
28. A method for wireless communications, comprising:
receiving a pilot signal and a reference signal in a time slot, wherein the reference signal is received in lieu of at least a portion of traffic data over a traffic channel, the reference signal comprising a sequence of symbols known to a receiver; and performing a position-location measurement based on the pilot signal and the reference signal.
receiving a pilot signal and a reference signal in a time slot, wherein the reference signal is received in lieu of at least a portion of traffic data over a traffic channel, the reference signal comprising a sequence of symbols known to a receiver; and performing a position-location measurement based on the pilot signal and the reference signal.
29. The method of claim 28, wherein the time slot includes a pilot channel time-division-multiplexed with the traffic channel, the pilot channel carrying the pilot signal and the traffic channel carrying the reference signal.
30. The method of claim 28, further comprising identifying the reference signal carried by the traffic channel.
31. The method of claim 28, wherein the pilot signal and the reference signal are code-division-multiplexed in the time slot.
32. The method of claim 28, further comprising searching for the pilot signal.
33. The method of claim 32, wherein the searching for the pilot signal is based on the received reference signal.
34. The method of claim 28, wherein the reference signal is identical to the pilot signal.
35. An apparatus for wireless communications, comprising:
means for receiving a time slot having a pilot signal and a reference signal, wherein the reference signal is received in lieu of at least a portion of traffic data over a traffic channel; and means for performing a position-location measurement based on the pilot signal and the reference signal.
means for receiving a time slot having a pilot signal and a reference signal, wherein the reference signal is received in lieu of at least a portion of traffic data over a traffic channel; and means for performing a position-location measurement based on the pilot signal and the reference signal.
36. The apparatus of claim 35, further comprising means for searching for the pilot signal.
37. A method for wireless communications, comprising:
receiving a pilot signal and a portion of a control channel, wherein information received over the portion of the control channel is known at a receiver prior to being received; and performing a position-location measurement based on the pilot signal and the portion of the control channel.
receiving a pilot signal and a portion of a control channel, wherein information received over the portion of the control channel is known at a receiver prior to being received; and performing a position-location measurement based on the pilot signal and the portion of the control channel.
38. The method of claim 37, wherein the portion of the control channel includes a preamble.
39. A method for wireless communications, the method comprising steps of:
receiving a time slot comprising a pilot channel and at least one other channel, wherein the pilot channel comprises a pilot signal, and the at least one other channel comprises a reference signal having information which is known at a receiver prior to being received; and performing a position-location measurement based at least on the reference signal.
receiving a time slot comprising a pilot channel and at least one other channel, wherein the pilot channel comprises a pilot signal, and the at least one other channel comprises a reference signal having information which is known at a receiver prior to being received; and performing a position-location measurement based at least on the reference signal.
40. The method of claim 39, wherein the step of performing comprises carrying out a time-of-arrival (TOA) measurement based at least on the reference signal.
41. The method of claim 40, wherein the step of carrying out is based in part on the pilot signal.
42. The method of claim 39, further comprising sending a request for the reference signal.
43. The method of claim 42, wherein:
the step of receiving is performed in response to the step of sending;
the steps of receiving, performing, and sending are performed at an access terminal; and the step of sending comprises transmitting to an access point.
the step of receiving is performed in response to the step of sending;
the steps of receiving, performing, and sending are performed at an access terminal; and the step of sending comprises transmitting to an access point.
44. The method of claim 43, wherein the step of transmitting is performed in accordance with a code division multiple access (CDMA) standard.
45. The method of claim 43, wherein the access terminal is not configured to decode the reference signal.
46. The method of claim 39, wherein the at least one other channel comprises a traffic channel, and the step of receiving comprises receiving the reference signal on the traffic channel.
47. The method of claim 39, wherein the step of receiving is performed according to a predetermined schedule.
48. The method of claim 39, wherein the step of receiving is performed on a periodic basis.
49. The method of claim 39, wherein the at least one other channel comprises a traffic channel, and the step of receiving comprises receiving the reference signal on the traffic channel when the traffic channel is idle.
50. The method of claim 39, wherein the at least one other channel comprises a control channel, and the step of receiving comprises receiving the reference signal on the control channel.
51. A wireless device comprising:
at least one receiver;
at least one transmitter; and at least one controller coupled to the at least one receiver and to the at least one transmitter, wherein the at least one controller is configured to perform steps comprising:
receiving a time slot comprising a pilot channel and at least one other channel, wherein the pilot channel comprises a pilot signal, and the at least one other channel comprises a reference signal having information which is known at the receiver prior to being received; and performing a position-location measurement based at least on the reference signal.
at least one receiver;
at least one transmitter; and at least one controller coupled to the at least one receiver and to the at least one transmitter, wherein the at least one controller is configured to perform steps comprising:
receiving a time slot comprising a pilot channel and at least one other channel, wherein the pilot channel comprises a pilot signal, and the at least one other channel comprises a reference signal having information which is known at the receiver prior to being received; and performing a position-location measurement based at least on the reference signal.
52. The wireless device of claim 51, wherein the controller is further configured to execute the step of performing by carrying out a time-of-arrival (TOA) measurement based at least on the reference signal.
53. The wireless device of claim 52, wherein the step of carrying out is based in part on the pilot signal.
54. The wireless device of claim 51, wherein the controller is further configured to send a request for the reference signal.
55. The wireless device of claim 51, wherein the wireless device comprises an access terminal, and the controller is further configured to send to an access point a request for the reference signal.
56. The wireless device of claim 55, wherein the controller is further configured to perform the step of sending in accordance with a code division multiple access (CDMA) standard.
57. The wireless device of claim 55, wherein the wireless device is not configured to decode the reference signal.
58. The wireless device of claim 51, wherein the at least one other channel comprises a traffic channel, and the step of receiving comprises receiving the reference signal on the traffic channel.
59. The wireless device of claim 51, wherein the controller is configured to execute the step of receiving according to a predetermined schedule.
60. The wireless device of claim 51, wherein the controller is configured to execute the step of receiving on a periodic basis.
61. The wireless device of claim 51, wherein the at least one other channel comprises a traffic channel, and the step of receiving comprises receiving the reference signal on the traffic channel when the traffic channel is idle.
62. The wireless device of claim 51, wherein the at least one other channel comprises a control channel, and the step of receiving comprises receiving the reference signal on the control channel.
63. A machine-readable medium storing processor-executable instructions that, when executed by at least one processor of a wireless communications apparatus, cause the wireless communications apparatus to perform steps, the steps comprising:
receiving a time slot comprising a pilot channel and at least one other channel, wherein the pilot channel comprises a pilot signal, and the at least one other channel comprises a reference signal having information which is known at a receiver prior to being received; and performing a position-location measurement based at least on the reference signal.
receiving a time slot comprising a pilot channel and at least one other channel, wherein the pilot channel comprises a pilot signal, and the at least one other channel comprises a reference signal having information which is known at a receiver prior to being received; and performing a position-location measurement based at least on the reference signal.
64. The machine-readable medium of claim 63, wherein performing a position-location measurement based at least on the reference signal comprises carrying out a time-of-arrival (TOA) measurement based at least on the reference signal.
65. A wireless device comprising:
means for receiving;
means for transmitting; and means for processing coupled to the means for receiving and to the means for transmitting, wherein the means for processing is configured to perform steps comprising:
receiving a time slot comprising a pilot channel and at least one other channel, wherein the pilot channel comprises a pilot signal, and the at least one other channel comprises a reference signal having information which is known at a receiver prior to being received; and performing a position-location measurement based at least on the reference signal.
means for receiving;
means for transmitting; and means for processing coupled to the means for receiving and to the means for transmitting, wherein the means for processing is configured to perform steps comprising:
receiving a time slot comprising a pilot channel and at least one other channel, wherein the pilot channel comprises a pilot signal, and the at least one other channel comprises a reference signal having information which is known at a receiver prior to being received; and performing a position-location measurement based at least on the reference signal.
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