CA2558394A1 - Location of wireless nodes using signal strength weighting metric - Google Patents
Location of wireless nodes using signal strength weighting metric Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2558394A1 CA2558394A1 CA002558394A CA2558394A CA2558394A1 CA 2558394 A1 CA2558394 A1 CA 2558394A1 CA 002558394 A CA002558394 A CA 002558394A CA 2558394 A CA2558394 A CA 2558394A CA 2558394 A1 CA2558394 A1 CA 2558394A1
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- Prior art keywords
- signal strength
- wireless node
- detected
- location
- strength values
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract 22
- 238000013178 mathematical model Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 230000004931 aggregating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W64/00—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
- G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
- G01S5/0205—Details
- G01S5/0221—Receivers
- G01S5/02213—Receivers arranged in a network for determining the position of a transmitter
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
- G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
- G01S5/0252—Radio frequency fingerprinting
- G01S5/02521—Radio frequency fingerprinting using a radio-map
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
- G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
- G01S5/0252—Radio frequency fingerprinting
- G01S5/02528—Simulating radio frequency fingerprints
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/02—Services making use of location information
- H04W4/023—Services making use of location information using mutual or relative location information between multiple location based services [LBS] targets or of distance thresholds
Abstract
Methods, apparatuses, and systems directed to a wireless node location mechanism that uses a signal strength weighting metric to improve the accuracy of estimating the location of a wireless node based on signals detected among a plurality of radio transceivers. In certain implementations, the wireless node location mechanism further incorporates a differential signal strength metric to reduce the errors caused by variations in wireless node transmit power, errors in signal strength detection, and/or direction-dependent path loss. As opposed to using the absolute signal strength or power of an RF
signal transmitted by a wireless node, implementations of the present invention compare the differences between signal strength values detected at various pairs of radio receivers to corresponding differences characterized in a model of the RF environment. One implementation of the invention searches for the locations in the model between each pair of radio receivers where their signal strength is different by an observed amount.
signal transmitted by a wireless node, implementations of the present invention compare the differences between signal strength values detected at various pairs of radio receivers to corresponding differences characterized in a model of the RF environment. One implementation of the invention searches for the locations in the model between each pair of radio receivers where their signal strength is different by an observed amount.
Claims (46)
1. A method for estimating the location of a wireless node relative to a plurality of radio receivers operative to detect the strength of RF signals, wherein a RF
coverage map, corresponding to each of the radio receivers, characterizes the signal strength values for locations in a physical region, comprising collecting signal strength values, detected at a plurality of radio receivers, corresponding to signals transmitted by a wireless node;
computing the estimated location of the wireless node based on the collected signal strength values and the RF coverage maps corresponding to the plurality of radio receivers, wherein the contribution of each detected signal strength value to the estimated location is weighted according to a weighting function that varies with the signal strength values detected by the radio receivers.
coverage map, corresponding to each of the radio receivers, characterizes the signal strength values for locations in a physical region, comprising collecting signal strength values, detected at a plurality of radio receivers, corresponding to signals transmitted by a wireless node;
computing the estimated location of the wireless node based on the collected signal strength values and the RF coverage maps corresponding to the plurality of radio receivers, wherein the contribution of each detected signal strength value to the estimated location is weighted according to a weighting function that varies with the signal strength values detected by the radio receivers.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the computing step comprises computing, for each radio receiver, an individual error surface based on the RR coverage map associated with the radio receiver and the signal strength detected by the radio receiver;
weighting each of the individual error surfaces according to a weighting function that varies with the signal strength detected by corresponding radio receivers;
aggregating the individual error surfaces to create a total error surface;
finding the location of the minimum of the total error surface.
weighting each of the individual error surfaces according to a weighting function that varies with the signal strength detected by corresponding radio receivers;
aggregating the individual error surfaces to create a total error surface;
finding the location of the minimum of the total error surface.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein each individual error surface comprises the sum of the squares of the difference between the signal strength values detected by a radio receiver and the signal strength values in a corresponding RF coverage map.
28 in the individual error surface location relative to the distance error caused by potential errors associated with the signal strength detected by a radio receiver.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the weighting function is configured such that contributions associated with detected signal strengths above a predetermined threshold value are equally weighted.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the weighting function is based in part on the distance error caused by a 1 dB change in the signal strength detected by a radio receiver.
7. The method of claim 1 further comprising detecting, at a plurality of radio transceivers, the strength of signals transmitted by a wireless node.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the RF coverage maps each comprise a plurality of location coordinates associated with corresponding signal strength values.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein the RF coverage maps are heuristically constructed.
10. The method of claim 8 wherein the RF coverage maps are based on a mathematical model.
11. The method of claim Z wherein the signals transmitted by the wireless nodes are formatted according to a wireless communications protocol.
12. The method of claim 1I wherein the wireless communications protocol is the IEEE 802.11 protocol.
29 transmitted by the wireless node in a first frequency band, and wherein at least one other of the collected signals is transmitted by the wireless node in a second frequency band.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein the weighing function weights the signal strength values associated with the first frequency band higher than the signal strength values associated with the second frequency band.
15. The method of claim 1 wherein only signal strength values above a threshold signal strength value are used to compute the estimated location of the wireless node.
16. An apparatus facilitating the location of a wireless node in a RF
environment, comprising a plurality of radio receivers comprising at least one antenna, the plurality of radio receivers operative to detect the strength of signals transmitted by wireless nodes and provide the detected signal strengths to a wireless node location model;
wherein a RF coverage map, corresponding to each of the radio receivers, characterizes the signal strength values for locations in a physical region, and a wireless node location module operative to compute the estimated location of the wireless node based on the collected signal strength values and the RF
coverage maps corresponding to the plurality of radio receivers, wherein the contribution of each detected signal strength value to the estimated location is weighted according to a weighting function that varies with the signal strength values detected by the radio receivers.
environment, comprising a plurality of radio receivers comprising at least one antenna, the plurality of radio receivers operative to detect the strength of signals transmitted by wireless nodes and provide the detected signal strengths to a wireless node location model;
wherein a RF coverage map, corresponding to each of the radio receivers, characterizes the signal strength values for locations in a physical region, and a wireless node location module operative to compute the estimated location of the wireless node based on the collected signal strength values and the RF
coverage maps corresponding to the plurality of radio receivers, wherein the contribution of each detected signal strength value to the estimated location is weighted according to a weighting function that varies with the signal strength values detected by the radio receivers.
17. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein the wireless node location module, in computing the estimated location of the wireless node, is operative to coverage map associated with the radio receiver and the signal strength detected by the radio receiver;
weight each of the individual error surfaces according to a weighting function that varies with the signal strength detected by corresponding radio receivers;
aggregate the individual error surfaces to create a total error surface; and find the location of the minimum of the total error surface.
weight each of the individual error surfaces according to a weighting function that varies with the signal strength detected by corresponding radio receivers;
aggregate the individual error surfaces to create a total error surface; and find the location of the minimum of the total error surface.
18. The apparatus of claim 17 wherein each individual error surface comprises the sum of the squares of the difference between the signal strength values detected by a radio receiver and the signal strength values in a corresponding RF coverage map.
19. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein the weighting function expresses the confidence in the individual error surface location relative to the distance error caused by potential errors associated with the signal strength detected by a radio receiver.
20. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein the weighting function is configured such that contributions associated with detected signal strengths above a predetermined threshold value are equally weighted.
21. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein the weighting function is based in part on the distance error caused by a 1 dB change in the signal strength detected by a radio receiver.
22. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein the RF coverage maps each comprise a plurality of location coordinates associated with corresponding signal strength values.
31 constructed.
24. The apparatus of claim 22 wherein the RF coverage maps are based on a mathematical model.
25. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein the signals transmitted by the wireless nodes are formatted according to a wireless communications protocol.
26. The apparatus of claim 25 wherein the wireless communications protocol is the IEEE 802.11 protocol.
27. A method for estimating the location of a wireless node relative to a plurality of radio receivers operative to detect the strength of RF signals, wherein a RF
coverage map, corresponding to each of the radio receivers, characterizes the signal strength values for locations in a physical region, comprising collecting signal strength values, detected at a plurality of radio receivers, corresponding to signals transmitted by a wireless node; and computing the estimated location of the wireless node by comparing, for all unique pairs of radio receivers, the differences in the signal strength values detected by the plurality of radio receivers to corresponding differences in the signal strength values in the RF coverage maps associated with the plurality of radio receivers, wherein the comparison is weighted as a function of at least one of the signal strength values detected by each unique pair of radio receivers.
coverage map, corresponding to each of the radio receivers, characterizes the signal strength values for locations in a physical region, comprising collecting signal strength values, detected at a plurality of radio receivers, corresponding to signals transmitted by a wireless node; and computing the estimated location of the wireless node by comparing, for all unique pairs of radio receivers, the differences in the signal strength values detected by the plurality of radio receivers to corresponding differences in the signal strength values in the RF coverage maps associated with the plurality of radio receivers, wherein the comparison is weighted as a function of at least one of the signal strength values detected by each unique pair of radio receivers.
28. The method of claim 27 wherein the computing step comprises computing, for all unique pairs of radio receivers, the sum of the squares of the difference between the signal strength values detected by a pair of radio receivers less the difference between the signal strength values in the RF
coverage maps associated with the pair of radio receivers;
strength values detected by the corresponding pair of radio receivers;
combining the weighted sums to create a differential error surface; and finding the minimum of the differential error surface.
coverage maps associated with the pair of radio receivers;
strength values detected by the corresponding pair of radio receivers;
combining the weighted sums to create a differential error surface; and finding the minimum of the differential error surface.
29. The method of claim 27 further comprising detecting, at a plurality of radio transceivers, the strength of signals transmitted by a wireless node.
30. The method of claim 27 wherein the RF coverage maps each comprise a plurality of location coordinates associated with corresponding signal strength values.
31. The method of claim 30 wherein the RF coverage maps are heuristically constructed.
32. The method of claim 30 wherein the RF coverage maps are based on a mathematical model.
33. The method of claim 27 wherein the signals transmitted by the wireless nodes are formatted according to a wireless communications protocol.
34. The method of claim 33 wherein the wireless communications protocol is the IEEE 802.11 protocol.
35. A wireless node location mechanism operating in association with a wireless network environment comprising a plurality of radio receivers operative to detect the signal strength of signals transmitted by wireless nodes, wherein a RF
coverage map, corresponding to each of the radio receivers, includes signal strength values for locations in a physical region, comprising:
a wireless node location module operative to detected signal strength of RF signals transmitted by a wireless node; and compute the estimated location of the wireless node based on the received signal strength values and the RF coverage maps corresponding to the plurality of radio receivers, wherein the contribution of each detected signal strength value to the estimated location is weighted according to a weighting function that varies with the signal strength values detected by the radio receivers.
coverage map, corresponding to each of the radio receivers, includes signal strength values for locations in a physical region, comprising:
a wireless node location module operative to detected signal strength of RF signals transmitted by a wireless node; and compute the estimated location of the wireless node based on the received signal strength values and the RF coverage maps corresponding to the plurality of radio receivers, wherein the contribution of each detected signal strength value to the estimated location is weighted according to a weighting function that varies with the signal strength values detected by the radio receivers.
36. The wireless node location mechanism of claim 35 wherein the wireless node location module, in computing the estimated location of the wireless node, is operative to compute, for each radio receiver, an individual error surface based on the RF
coverage map associated with the radio receiver and the signal strength detected by the radio receiver;
weight each of the individual error surfaces according to a weighting function that varies with the signal strength detected by corresponding radio receivers;
aggregate the individual error surfaces to create a total error surface; and find the location of the minimum of the total error surface.
coverage map associated with the radio receiver and the signal strength detected by the radio receiver;
weight each of the individual error surfaces according to a weighting function that varies with the signal strength detected by corresponding radio receivers;
aggregate the individual error surfaces to create a total error surface; and find the location of the minimum of the total error surface.
37. The wireless node location mechanism of claim 36 wherein each individual error surface comprises the sum of the squares of the difference between the signal strength values detected by a radio receiver and the signal strength values in a corresponding RF coverage map.
38. The wireless node location mechanism of claim 35 wherein the weighting function expresses the confidence in the individual error surface location relative to the distance error caused by potential errors associated with the signal strength detected by a radio receiver.
34 function is configured such that contributions associated with detected signal strengths above a predetermined threshold value are equally weighted.
40. The wireless node location mechanism of claim 35 wherein the weighting function is based in part on the distance error caused by a 1 dB change in the signal strength detected by a radio receiver.
41. The wireless node location mechanism of claim 35 wherein the RF coverage maps each comprise a plurality of location coordinates associated with corresponding signal strength values.
42. The wireless node location mechanism of claim 41 wherein the RF coverage maps are heuristically constructed.
43. The wireless node location mechanism of claim 41 wherein the RF coverage maps are based on a mathematical model.
44. The wireless node location mechanism of claim 35 wherein the signals transmitted by the wireless nodes are formatted according to a wireless communications protocol.
45. The wireless node location mechanism of claim 44 wherein the wireless communications protocol is the IEEE 802.11 protocol.
46. The wireless node location mechanism of claim 35 further comprising a plurality of radio receivers operative to detect the signal strength of signals transmitted by wireless nodes.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/802,366 US7116988B2 (en) | 2004-03-16 | 2004-03-16 | Location of wireless nodes using signal strength weighting metric |
| US10/802,366 | 2004-03-16 | ||
| PCT/US2005/006608 WO2005091915A2 (en) | 2004-03-16 | 2005-02-28 | Location of wireless nodes using signal strength weighting metric |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2558394A1 true CA2558394A1 (en) | 2005-10-06 |
| CA2558394C CA2558394C (en) | 2011-01-04 |
Family
ID=34987019
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2558394 Expired - Fee Related CA2558394C (en) | 2004-03-16 | 2005-02-28 | Location of wireless nodes using signal strength weighting metric |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7116988B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1726169B1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2558394C (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2005091915A2 (en) |
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2004
- 2004-03-16 US US10/802,366 patent/US7116988B2/en active Active
-
2005
- 2005-02-28 EP EP20050724202 patent/EP1726169B1/en active Active
- 2005-02-28 WO PCT/US2005/006608 patent/WO2005091915A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-02-28 CA CA 2558394 patent/CA2558394C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1726169A2 (en) | 2006-11-29 |
| WO2005091915A3 (en) | 2006-03-23 |
| EP1726169A4 (en) | 2012-01-04 |
| CA2558394C (en) | 2011-01-04 |
| WO2005091915A2 (en) | 2005-10-06 |
| US7116988B2 (en) | 2006-10-03 |
| EP1726169B1 (en) | 2014-10-15 |
| US20050208952A1 (en) | 2005-09-22 |
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